Editing Marcel Marceau (section)

==Early life and education ==
Marcel Marceau was born on 22 March 1923 in [[Strasbourg]], France, to a [[Jew]]ish family.{{cn|date=March 2025}} His father, Charles Mangel, was a [[kosher]] butcher originally from [[Będzin]], Poland. His mother, Anne Werzberg, came from [[Yabluniv]], present-day [[Ukraine]]. Through his mother's family, he was a cousin of Israeli singer [[Yardena Arazi]]. When Marcel was four years old, the family moved to [[Lille]], but they later returned to Strasbourg.{{fact|date=December 2021}}

After France's [[France during the Second World War|invasion by Nazi Germany]], Marcel, then 17, fled with his family to [[Limoges]]. His cousin [[Georges Loinger]], one of the members of the French Jewish Resistance in France (''Organisation Juive de Combat-OJC'', aka [[Armée Juive]]), urged him to join in order to help rescue Jews during the [[Holocaust]]. The OJC, which was composed of nine clandestine Jewish networks, rescued thousands of Jewish children and adults during the war in France.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jcpa.org/article/the-jewish-resistance-in-france-during-world-war-ii-the-gap-between-history-and-memory/|title=The Jewish Resistance in France During World War II: the gap between History and Memory|last=Hershco|first=Tsilla|date=Spring 2007|work=Jewish Political Studies Review 19:1–2|access-date=16 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216202138/https://jcpa.org/article/the-jewish-resistance-in-france-during-world-war-ii-the-gap-between-history-and-memory/|url-status=live}}</ref>   

He was schooled in the Paris suburbs at the home of [[Yvonne Hagnauer]], while pretending to be a worker at the school she directed; Hagnauer would later receive the honor of [[Righteous Among the Nations]] from [[Yad Vashem]]. In 1944 Marcel's father was captured by the [[Gestapo]] and deported to the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], where he was killed. Marcel's mother survived.<ref name="PBS">{{YouTube|751PGZsW5P0|"Marcel Marceau Remembered"}}, ''PBS Newshour'', 25 September 2007</ref>

Marcel and his older brother, Alain, adopted the last name "Marceau" during the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|German occupation of France]]; the name was chosen as a reference to [[François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers]], a general of the [[French Revolution]].<ref name="tol">{{cite news | title=Marcel Marceau: Celebrated French mime artist whose clowning dramas eloquently expressed the wonder and terror of existence | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2517662.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515231501/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2517662.ece | work=The Times | location=London | date=24 September 2007 | archive-date=15 May 2008 | access-date=12 May 2010 }}</ref><ref name="LAT">{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-sep-24-me-marceau24-story.html | access-date=27 September 2008 | title=Marcel Marceau, 84; legendary mime was his art's standard-bearer for seven decades | date=24 September 2007 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Claudia | last=Luther | archive-date=4 September 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904003826/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/sep/24/local/me-marceau24 | url-status=live }}</ref> The two brothers joined the [[French  Resistance]] in [[Limoges]].  They rescued a number of children from the race laws and [[concentration camp]]s in the framework of the Jewish Resistance in France, and, after the [[liberation of Paris]], joined the French army.<ref name="tol" /> Owing to Marceau's fluency in English, French, and German, he worked as a liaison officer with [[George S. Patton|General George Patton]]'s [[United States Army Central|Third Army]].<ref name="tol" /><ref>{{cite news | title=Marcel Marceau, master of silence whose comic language enchanted the world | last=Sage | first=Adam | url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2518091.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531172751/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2518091.ece | work=The Times | location=London | date=24 September 2007 | archive-date=31 May 2010 }}</ref>

According to Marceau, when he was five years of age, his mother took him to see a [[Charlie Chaplin]] film, which entranced him and led him to want to become a mime artist. The first time he used mime was after France was invaded, in order to keep Jewish children quiet while he helped them escape to Switzerland.<ref name="smh">{{cite news | first=Steve | last=Meacham | title=How mayonnaise sandwiches saved kids from Nazis | url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/how-mayonnaise-sandwiches-saved-kids-from-nazis-20091128-jxwq.html | newspaper=The Age | publisher=Fairfax | date=29 November 2009 | access-date=28 November 2009 | archive-date=6 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106040650/http://www.theage.com.au/world/how-mayonnaise-sandwiches-saved-kids-from-nazis-20091128-jxwq.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

He gave his first major performance to 3,000 troops after the [[liberation of Paris]] in August 1944.<ref name="Wallenberg lecture">{{YouTube|zGJR4GRQA3g|"Wallenberg lecture"}}, ''Wallenberg lecture'', 30 April 2001.</ref>

After the war ended in 1945, he enrolled as a student in [[Charles Dullin]]'s School of Dramatic Art in the [[Sarah Bernhardt]] Theatre in Paris, where he studied with teachers such as Joshua Smith and [[Étienne Decroux]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://prpop.org/biografias/luis-oliva/ | title=Luis Oliva | access-date=23 April 2022 | archive-date=26 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053158/https://prpop.org/biografias/luis-oliva/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Jean-Louis Barrault]].{{fact|date=December 2021}}