Editing Manuel L. Quezon (section)

==Early life and education==
[[File:Birthplace of Manuel Luis Quezon PHC marker.jpg|thumb|left|upright|National historical marker installed in 1948 in Baler at the site of his birthplace.]]

Quezon was born on 19 August 1878 in [[Baler, Aurora|Baler]] in the district of El Príncipe,<ref name="balerhist">{{Cite news |last=National Historical Commission of the Philippines |title=History of Baler |publisher=National Historical Commission of the Philippines |url=https://nhcp.gov.ph/history-of-baler/ |access-date=9 March 2012  |quote=When military district of El Príncipe was created in 1856, Baler became its capital...On June 12, 1902 a civil government was established, moving the district of El Príncipe away from the administrative jurisdiction of Nueva Ecija...and placing it under the jurisdiction of Tayabas Province.}}</ref> then the capital of [[Nueva Ecija]] (now Baler, [[Aurora (province)|Aurora]]). His parents were Lucio Quezon y Vélez (1850–1898) and María Dolores Molina (1840–1893).<ref>{{cite book |last1=McCoy |first1=Alfred W. |title=Policing America's Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of the Surveillance State |date=15 October 2009 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |isbn=978-0-299-23413-3 |page=[{{GBurl|id=QYj6WUGsRuEC|p=581}} 581] |url={{GBurl|id=QYj6WUGsRuEC}} |access-date=4 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Both were primary-school teachers, although his father was a retired ''sargento de Guardia Civil'' (sergeant of the [[Civil Guard (Philippines)|Civil Guard]]).

According to historian Augusto de Viana in his timeline of Baler, Quezon's father was a [[Chinese Filipino|Chinese]] [[Filipino mestizo|mestizo]] who came from the [[Parián (Manila)|Parián]] (a [[Chinatown]] outside [[Intramuros]]) in [[Paco, Manila]]. He spoke Spanish in the Civil Guard and married María, who was a [[Spanish Filipino|Spanish]] [[Filipino mestizos|mestiza]] born of Spanish priest Jose Urbina de Esparragosa; Urbina arrived in Baler from [[Esparragosa de la Serena]], [[province of Cáceres|Cáceres Province]], Spain in 1847 as the parish priest.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flores |first=Wilson Lee |date=13 July 2008 |title=Love in the time of war: Manuel Quezon's dad, Anne Curtis, Jericho Rosales & Ed Angara in Baler |work=PhilStar Global Sunday Lifestyle |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/sunday-life/2008/07/13/72587/love-time-war-manuel-quezonrsquos-dad-anne-curtis-jericho-rosales-amp-ed-angara-baler |access-date=17 May 2019 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027181749/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/sunday-life/2008/07/13/72587/love-time-war-manuel-quezonrsquos-dad-anne-curtis-jericho-rosales-amp-ed-angara-baler |url-status=live }}</ref> Quezon is [[Sangley| Chinese mestizo]] surname originally from [[Philippine Hokkien|Hokkien Chinese]] spelled in [[Spanish orthography]] from the Spanish colonial times centuries ago, possibly from the Hokkien word, {{zh|t=|poj=ke-sun / koe-sun|l=|c=雞孫|s=|p=}}, with {{zh|t=|poj=ke|l=|c=[[wikt:雞|雞]]|s=|p=}} and {{zh|t=|poj=sun|l=grandson|c=孫|s=|p=}};<ref>[https://surnames.behindthename.com/name/quezon/submitted Behind the Name: Quezon]</ref><ref>[https://www.instagram.com/mightyhistoryph/p/CZ1hcwSPDet/ QUEZON is the Spanish transliteration of Hokkien for “the strongest grandson”] in Instagram</ref> many Filipino surnames that end with “-zon”, “-son”, and “-chon” are of Hokkien Chinese origin, as a [[Spanish orthography]] spelling of [[Philippine Hokkien|Hokkien]] {{zh|t=|poj=sun|l=grandson|c=孫|s=|p=}}.<ref>[https://pepealas.wordpress.com/2022/02/27/ El Pilipinismo: Chino Cristiano Surnames]</ref> 

He later boarded at the [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]], where he graduated from secondary school in 1894.<ref name="HistoryHouseGov-Quezon">{{cite web |title=QUEZON, Manuel L. |url=https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/20053 |website=US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |publisher=Office of the Historian, Clerk of the House's Office of Art and Archives |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313005418/https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/20053 |archive-date=13 March 2025 |url-status=live |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Major Manuel Luis Quezon.jpg|alt=A mustachioed Quezon in military uniform|thumb|left|130px|Quezon as ''[[aide-de-camp]]'' of President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]]]
In 1899, Quezon left his law studies at the [[University of Santo Tomas]] to join the Filipino war effort, and joined the Republican army during the [[Philippine–American War]]. He was an ''[[aide-de-camp]]'' to [[Emilio Aguinaldo]].<ref name="UScongress">Office of History and Preservation, United States Congress. (n.d.). Quezon, Manuel Luis, (1878–1944). ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''. Retrieved 30 September 2010.</ref> Quezon became a major, and fought in the [[Bataan]] sector. After surrendering in 1900,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reyes |first=Pedrito |title=Pictorial History of the Philippines |year=1953}}</ref> he returned to university and passed the bar examination in 1903.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Letran Awards |url=https://www.letran.edu.ph/Department/OAPA |website=[[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]] |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423023323/https://www.letran.edu.ph/Department/OAPA |archive-date=23 April 2016 |at=President Manuel Quezon Award- Government Service Award}}</ref>

Quezon worked for a time as a clerk and surveyor, entering government service as treasurer for [[Mindoro (province)|Mindoro]] and (later) Tayabas. He became a municipal councilor of [[Lucena]], and was elected governor of Tayabas in 1906.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manuel L. Quezon |url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/manuel-quezon/ |access-date=28 June 2021 |website=Malacañang |archive-date=12 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012114127/http://malacanang.gov.ph/manuel-quezon/ |url-status=live }}</ref>