Editing Manhattan (cocktail) (section)

==Origin and history==
Popular history suggests that the drink originated at the [[Manhattan Club (social club)|Manhattan Club]] in [[New York City]] in the mid-1870s, where it was invented by Iain Marshall for a banquet hosted by [[Jennie Jerome]] (Lady Randolph Churchill, mother of [[Winston Churchill|Winston]]) in honor of presidential candidate [[Samuel J. Tilden]]. The success of the banquet made the drink fashionable, later prompting several people to request the drink by referring to the name of the club where it originated—"the ''Manhattan'' cocktail".<ref>[http://www.cocktailtimes.com/party/christmas.shtml Holiday Cocktail Party<!-- Bot generated title -->] from CocktailTimes.com</ref><ref name="listserve">{{cite news
 | title     = Patrick Murphy's The Barman's Corner
 | newspaper = Buckeye Tavern | date = 15 March 1945 | at = pg. 6, col. 2 }} qtd. in {{cite web
 |url=http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0010d&L=ads-l&D=1&P=15743 
 |title=Moscow Mule; Molotov Cocktail; Manhattan Cocktail 
 |date=28 October 2000 
 |work=The Linguist List 
 |publisher=[[American Dialect Society]] 
 |access-date=2010-03-10 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524005453/http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0010d&L=ads-l&D=1&P=15743 
 |archive-date=24 May 2008 
}}</ref> However, Lady Randolph was in France at the time and pregnant, so the story is likely to be fiction.<ref>Winston Churchill, ''My Early Life''</ref>

However, there are prior references to various similar cocktail recipes called "Manhattan" and served in the [[Manhattan]] area.<ref name="listserve"/>  By one account it was invented in the 1860s by a bartender named Black at a bar on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] near [[Houston Street (Manhattan)|Houston Street]].<ref name="sfg">{{cite news |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |title=The Manhattan project: A bartender spills his secrets on the king of cocktails |first=Gary |last=Regan |date=September 21, 2007|access-date=2007-09-21|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/09/21/WI1ORSF9C.DTL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Regan|first=Gary |title=The joy of mixology|date=2003|publisher=Clarkson Potter|isbn=0-609-60884-3 |location=New York|pages=286|oclc=52047206}}</ref>

Some of the earliest records of the cocktail can be found in Charlie Paul's ''American and other Drinks'' and O.H. Byron's ''The Modern Bartender's Guide'', both written in 1884.  Paul describes it containing "three or four drops of angostura bitters, ditto of plain syrup; add half a liqueur glass of vermouth, half wine glassful of Scotch whiskey" and garnished with lemon.<ref>Paul, C. (1884). ''American and other Drinks''.</ref> Byron describes two versions, one with French vermouth and the other with Italian.<ref>Byron, O. H. (1884). ''The Modern Bartender's Guide: or Fancy Drinks and How to Mix Them''.</ref> Another early record of the cocktail can be found in William Schmidt's ''The Flowing Bowl'', published in 1891. In it, he details a drink containing 2 dashes of [[Syrup#Gomme_syrup|gum]] (gomme syrup), 2 dashes of bitters, 1 dash of [[absinthe]], {{frac|2|3}} portion of whiskey, and {{frac|1|3}} portion of vermouth.<ref>Schmidt, A. William (1891). ''The Flowing Bowl: When and What to Drink''.</ref>

The same cocktail appears listed as a "Tennessee Cocktail" in ''Shake 'em Up!'' by V. Elliott and P. Strong: "Two parts of whiskey, one part of Italian Vermouth, and a dash of bitters poured over ice and stirred vigorously."<ref>V. Elliott and P. Strong (1930). ''Shake 'em Up!'' (p.&nbsp;39)</ref>

During [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] (1920–1933) Canadian whisky was primarily used because it was available.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barmixmaster.com/2005/10/manhattan.html|title=Manhattan|website=barmixmaster.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060115070304/http://www.barmixmaster.com/2005/10/manhattan.html |archive-date=2006-01-15 |access-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref>