Editing Mangrove (section)

== Etymology ==
[[File:Mangrove roots at low tide.jpg|thumb|Mangrove roots at low tide in the Philippines]]
[[File:Mangroves in Kannur, India.jpg|thumb|Mangroves are adapted to saline conditions]]
Etymology of the English term ''[[wikt:mangrove#English|mangrove]]'' can only be speculative and is disputed.<ref name="Saenger">{{cite book |last1=Saenger |first1=P. |title=Mangrove ecology, silviculture, and conservation |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |location= |isbn=9789401599627 |edition=Reprint of 2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUbrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2}}</ref>{{rp|1–2}} <ref name="Macnae"/>
The term may have come to English from the Portuguese ''{{lang|pt|mangue}}'' or the Spanish
''{{lang|es|mangle}}''.<ref name="Macnae"/>   Further back, it may be traced to South America and  [[Cariban languages|Cariban]] and [[Arawakan languages]]<ref name="Görlach">{{cite book |last1=Görlach |first1=M. |title=English Words Abroad |date=1 January 2003 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing |page=59 |isbn=9027223319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph0kR1eiEJQC&pg=PA59 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref> such as  [[Taíno]].<ref name=Rafinesque1836>{{cite book|author= Rafinesque, C. S.|author-link= Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|title=The American Nations|volume= 1|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=XYlHAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA244|year= 1836|publisher=C. S. Rafinesque|page=244}}</ref> Other possibilities include the [[Malay language]] {{lang|ms|manggi-manggi}}<ref name=Macnae/><ref name=Saenger/>
The English usage may reflect a corruption via [[folk etymology]] of the words ''mangrow'' and ''[[Grove (nature)|grove]]''.<ref name=Görlach/><ref name=Saenger/><ref name=Weekley>{{cite book |last1=Weekley |first1=Ernest |title=An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English |date=1967 |publisher=Dover |volume=2 |isbn=9780486122861 |edition=Reprint of 1921 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VigsBojU2c4C&pg=PA890 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref>

The word "mangrove" is used in at least three senses:
* Most broadly to refer to the habitat and entire plant assemblage or ''mangal'',<ref name=Macnae>{{cite journal |last1=Macnae |first1=W. |title=A General Account of the Fauna and Flora of Mangrove Swamps and Forests in the Indo-West-Pacific Region |journal=Advances in Marine Biology |date=1969 |volume=6 |pages=73–270 |doi=10.1016/S0065-2881(08)60438-1 |isbn=9780120261062 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UefCHv9EU5IC&pg=PA75 |access-date=13 August 2021}}</ref><ref name=Hogarth>{{cite book | last=Hogarth | first=Peter J. | title=The biology of mangroves and seagrasses | publisher=Oxford university press | publication-place=Oxford | date=2015 | isbn=978-0-19-871654-9}}</ref> for which the terms ''mangrove forest [[biome]]'' and ''mangrove swamp'' are also used;
* To refer to all trees and large shrubs in a mangrove [[swamp]];<ref name=Macnae/> and
* Narrowly to refer only to mangrove trees of the genus ''[[Rhizophora]]'' of the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Rhizophoraceae]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Austin|first=D. F. |title=Florida Ethnobotany |date=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS7lX_rC3GEC|isbn=978-0-203-49188-1}}</ref>