Editing Maintenance (section)

==Definitions==
Maintenance functions can be defined as '''maintenance, repair and overhaul''' ('''MRO'''), and MRO is also used for '''maintenance, repair and operations'''.<ref>{{cite web
   |title=MRO – Definition  |website=RF System Lab
   |url=http://www.rfsystemlab.us/glossary/mro-maintenance-repair-and-overhaul}}</ref> Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The [[United States Department of Defense]] uses the following definitions:<ref name="1037C">[[Federal Standard 1037C]] and from [[MIL-STD-188]] and from the [[Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms]]</ref>

* Any activity—such as tests, measurements, replacements, adjustments, and repairs—intended to retain or restore a [[functional unit]] in or to a specified state in which the unit can perform its required functions.<ref name="1037C" />
* All action taken to retain material in a serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. It includes [[inspection]]s, testing, servicing, classification as to serviceability, repair,  [[rebuilding]], and reclamation.<ref name="1037C" />
* All supply and repair action taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission.<ref name="1037C" />
* The routine recurring work required to keep a facility (plant, building, structure, [[Ground (electricity)|ground]] facility, utility [[system]], or other real property) in such condition that it may be continuously used, at its original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose.<ref name="1037C" />

Maintenance is strictly connected to the utilization stage of the product or technical system, in which the concept of [[maintainability]] must be included. In this scenario, maintainability is considered as the ability of an item, under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions, using prescribed procedures and resources.<ref>{{cite journal|publisher=[[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]]|journal=NATO Standardization Agency|title=AAP-6 – Glossary of terms and definitions|page=158}}</ref>

In some domains like [[aircraft maintenance]], terms ''maintenance, repair and overhaul''<ref>United States Code of Federal Regulations Title 14, Part 43 – Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration</ref> also include inspection, rebuilding, alteration and the supply of spare parts, accessories, raw materials, adhesives, sealants, coatings and [[consumables]] for aircraft maintenance at the [[Rental utilization|utilization]] stage. In international civil aviation maintenance means: 

* The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or a repair.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://store.icao.int/airworthiness-manual-english-printed.html|title=Airworthiness Manual, Doc 9760|date=2014|publisher=[[International Civil Aviation Organization]]|isbn=978-92-9249-454-4|edition=3|location=Montreal (Canada)|pages=375|quote=The Airworthiness Manual (Doc 9760) contains a consolidation of airworthiness-related information previously found in other ICAO documents ... provides guidance to States on how to meet their airworthiness responsibilities under the Convention on International Civil Aviation. This third edition is presented based on States' roles and responsibilities, thus as State of Registry, State of the Operator, State of Design and State of Manufacture. It also describes the interface between different States and their related responsibilities. It has been updated to incorporate changes to Annex 8 to the Chicago Convention — Airworthiness of Aircraft, and to Annex 6 — Operation of Aircraft|access-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901145432/https://store.icao.int/airworthiness-manual-english-printed.html|archive-date=2018-09-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>

This definition covers all activities for which [[aviation regulations]] require issuance of a maintenance release document (aircraft certificate of return to service – CRS).[[File:Pothole repair.jpg|thumb|Road repair]]