Editing Magnetoresistance (section)

==Discovery==
[[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)]] first discovered ordinary magnetoresistance in 1856.<ref name=Kelvin>{{Citation |first=W. |last=Thomson |title=On the Electro-Dynamic Qualities of Metals:—Effects of Magnetization on the Electric Conductivity of Nickel and of Iron |journal=Proc. R. Soc. Lond. |volume=8 |date=18 June 1857 |pages=546–550 |doi=10.1098/rspl.1856.0144|doi-access= }}</ref> He experimented with pieces of iron and discovered that the resistance increases when the current is in the same direction as the magnetic force and decreases when the current is at 90° to the magnetic force. He then did the same experiment with nickel and found that it was affected in the same way but the magnitude of the effect was greater. This effect is referred to as anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR).

[[File:Animation about the magnetoresistance discovery Graphs.ogv|thumb|Animation about graphs related to the discovery of [[giant magnetoresistance]].]]
[[Image:Corbino disc.PNG|thumbnail|250px|Corbino disc. With the magnetic field turned off, a radial current flows in the conducting annulus due to the battery connected between the (infinite) conductivity rims. When a magnetic field along the axis is turned on (B points directly out of the screen), the [[Lorentz force]] drives a circular component of current, and the resistance between the inner and outer rims goes up. This increase in resistance due to the magnetic field is called ''magnetoresistance''.]]

In 2007, [[Albert Fert]] and [[Peter Grünberg]] were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of [[giant magnetoresistance]].<ref>{{Citation |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007 |publisher=Nobel Media AB |date=9 Oct 2007 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/ |access-date=25 Jun 2014}}</ref>