Editing Madeleine Albright (section)

== Early life and career ==
Albright was born Marie Jana Körbelová in 1937 in the [[Smíchov]] district of [[Prague]], Czechoslovakia.<ref name="birth">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/albright.htm |title=Biography at The Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 15, 1999 |access-date=June 22, 2009 |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517072535/http://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/albright.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Her parents were [[Josef Korbel]], a [[Czechs|Czech]] diplomat, and Anna Korbel (née Spieglová).<ref name="Tablet">{{cite magazine|url=http://tabletmag.com/podcasts/97886/madeleine-albrights-war-years|title=Madeleine Albright's War Years|magazine=[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet Magazine]]|date=April 26, 2012|access-date=December 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310182057/https://www.tabletmag.com/podcasts/97886/madeleine-albrights-war-years |archive-date=March 10, 2013}}</ref> At the time of Albright's birth, Czechoslovakia had been independent for less than 20 years, having gained independence from [[Austria-Hungary]] after [[World War I]]. Her father was a supporter of [[Tomáš Masaryk]] and [[Edvard Beneš]].<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news |first = Michael|last = Dobbs|author-link =Michael Dobbs (American author)|title = Josef Korbel's Enduring Foreign Policy Legacy|url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/28/josef-korbels-enduring-foreign-policy-legacy/8d31958e-07e6-4aff-a3a5-0426f487c9fe/|accessdate=October 20, 2022|newspaper = [[The Washington Post]]|page = A05|date= December 28, 2000}}</ref> Marie Jana had a younger sister Katherine<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dobbs|first1=Michael|title=Out Of The Past|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/stories/albright020997.htm|access-date=December 8, 2015|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=February 9, 1997|archive-date=February 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202062627/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/stories/albright020997.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and a younger brother John (these versions of their names are [[Anglicized]]).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Baum|first1=Geraldine|title=A Diplomatic Core|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-02-08-ls-29463-story.html|access-date=December 8, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 8, 1995|page=3|archive-date=December 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208123911/http://articles.latimes.com/1995-02-08/news/ls-29463_1_madeleine-albright/3|url-status=live}}</ref>

When Marie Jana was born, her father was serving as a press-attaché at the Czechoslovak Embassy in [[Belgrade]]. The signing of the [[Munich Agreement]] in September 1938—and the [[Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)|German occupation of Czechoslovakia]] by [[Adolf Hitler]]'s troops—forced the family into exile because of their links with Beneš.{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=8–9}}

Josef and Anna [[Conversion to Christianity|converted from Judaism to Catholicism]] in 1941.<ref name="Tablet" /> Marie Jana and her siblings were raised in the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] faith.<ref name=dobbs>{{cite news|last=Dobbs|first=Michael|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/stories/albright020497.htm|title=Albright's Family Tragedy Comes to Light|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=February 4, 1997|access-date=October 19, 2022|archive-date=August 16, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816071056/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/stories/albright020497.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ushmm_2007-04-12">{{cite web|url=http://www.ushmm.org/confront-antisemitism/antisemitism-podcast/madeleine-k-albright|title=Voices on Antisemitism interview with Madeleine K. Albright|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|date=April 12, 2007|access-date=February 9, 2016|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426215143/https://www.ushmm.org/confront-antisemitism/antisemitism-podcast/madeleine-k-albright|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1997, Albright said her parents never told her or her two siblings about their [[Jews in Czechoslovakia|Jewish]] ancestry and heritage.<ref name=dobbs />

The family moved to Britain in May 1939. Here her father worked for Beneš's [[Czechoslovak government-in-exile]]. Her family first lived on [[Kensington Park Road]] in [[Notting Hill]], London—where they lived throughout [[the Blitz]]—but later moved to [[Beaconsfield]], then [[Walton-on-Thames]], on the outskirts of London.{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=9–11}} They kept a [[Air-raid shelter#Morrison shelter|large metal table]] in the house, which was intended to shelter the family from the recurring threat of German air raids.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/profile-she-who-knows-tyranny-madeleine-albright-1143508.html|title=Profile: She who knows tyranny; Madeleine Albright|first=John|last=Carlin|work=[[The Independent]]|date=February 8, 1998|access-date=November 3, 2014|archive-date=November 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120075129/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/profile-she-who-knows-tyranny-madeleine-albright-1143508.html|url-status=live}}</ref> While in England, Marie Jana was one of the children shown in a documentary film designed to promote sympathy for war refugees in London.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=9}}

After the defeat of the [[Nazism|Nazis]] in the [[European theatre of World War II]] and the collapse of [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]], the Korbel family returned to Prague.<ref name=dobbs /> Korbel was appointed as press attaché at the Czechoslovakian Embassy in [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], and the family moved to Belgrade—then part of Yugoslavia—which was governed by the [[League of Communists of Yugoslavia|Communist Party]]. Korbel was concerned his daughter would be exposed to [[Marxism]] in a Yugoslav school, and so she was taught privately by a governess before being sent to the Prealpina Institut pour Jeunes Filles finishing school in [[Chexbres]], on [[Lake Geneva]] in Switzerland.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=15}} She learned to speak French while in Switzerland and changed her name from Marie Jana to Madeleine.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=4}}

The [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]] took over the [[Government of Czechoslovakia|government]] in 1948, with support from the [[Soviet Union]]. As an opponent of [[communism]], Korbel was forced to resign from his position.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=17}} He later obtained a position on a United Nations delegation to [[Kashmir]]. He sent his family to the United States, by way of London, to wait for him when he arrived to deliver his report to the [[United Nations Headquarters|UN Headquarters]], then located in [[Lake Success, New York]].{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=17}}

=== Youth and young adulthood in the United States ===
Korbel's family emigrated from the United Kingdom on the [[SS America (1939)|SS ''America'']], departing [[Southampton]] on November 5, 1948, and arriving at [[Ellis Island]] in [[New York Harbor]] on November 11, 1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger-details/czoxMzoiOTAxMTg2NjE2MTgwOSI7/czo5OiJwYXNzZW5nZXIiOw==|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141231081937/http://libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger-details/czoxMzoiOTAxMTg2NjE2MTgwOSI7/czo5OiJwYXNzZW5nZXIiOw==|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 31, 2014|title=Passenger Manifest|work=The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation|access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Dobbs">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhZghL4Rr-EC |title=Madeleine Albright: A twentieth-century odyssey |first=Michael |last=Dobbs |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |access-date=December 31, 2014 |isbn=0-8050-5659-9 |year=1999 |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022011216/http://books.google.com/books?id=dhZghL4Rr-EC |url-status=live }}</ref> The family initially settled in [[Great Neck]] on the [[North Shore (Long Island)|North Shore]] of [[Long Island]].{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=18}} Korbel applied for [[political asylum]], arguing that as an opponent of Communism, he was under threat in Prague.{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=19–20}} Korbel stated "I cannot, of course, return to the [[Communist Czechoslovakia]] as I would be arrested for my faithful adherence to the ideals of democracy. I would be most obliged to you if you could kindly convey to his Excellency the Secretary of State that I beg of him to be granted the right to stay in the United States, the same right to be given to my wife and three children."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knaus |first=Gerald |date=December 12, 2021 |title=Albright on hope – Europe whole and free – An award – Our deal in the Aegean |url=https://www.esiweb.org/newsletter/albright-hope-europe-whole-and-free-award-our-deal-aegean |access-date=March 23, 2022 |publisher=European Stabilization Initiative |archive-date=December 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231043514/https://esiweb.org/newsletter/albright-hope-europe-whole-and-free-award-our-deal-aegean |url-status=live }}</ref>

With the help of Philip Moseley, a Russian language professor at [[Columbia University]] in New York City, Korbel obtained a position on the staff of the political science department at the [[University of Denver]] in Colorado.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=20}} He became dean of the university's school of [[international relations]], and later taught future U.S. Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]]. The school was named the [[Josef Korbel School of International Studies]] in 2008 in his honor.<ref name=autogenerated2 />

Madeleine Korbel spent her teen years in [[Denver]] and in 1955 graduated from the [[Kent Denver School]] in [[Cherry Hills Village, Colorado|Cherry Hills Village]], a suburb of Denver. She founded the school's international relations club and was its first president.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=24}} She attended [[Wellesley College]], in [[Wellesley, Massachusetts]], on a full scholarship, majoring in [[political science]], and graduated in 1959.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=47}} The topic of her senior thesis was [[Zdeněk Fierlinger]], a former [[Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakian prime minister]].{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=43}} She became a naturalized [[United States nationality law|U.S. citizen]] in 1957, and joined the [[College Democrats of America]].{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=34–35}}

While home in Denver from Wellesley, Korbel worked as an intern for ''[[The Denver Post]]''. There she met [[Joseph Albright (journalist)|Joseph Albright]]. He was the nephew of [[Alicia Patterson]], owner of ''[[Newsday]]'' and wife of philanthropist [[Harry Frank Guggenheim]].{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=36}} Korbel converted to the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] at the time of her marriage.<ref name=dobbs /><ref name="ushmm_2007-04-12" /> The couple were married in Wellesley in 1959, shortly after her graduation.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=47}} They lived in [[Rolla, Missouri]], while Joseph completed his military service at nearby [[Fort Leonard Wood (military base)|Fort Leonard Wood]]. During this time, Albright worked at ''[[The Rolla Daily News]]''.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=48}}

The couple moved to Joseph's hometown of Chicago, Illinois, in January 1960. Joseph worked at the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' as a journalist, and Albright worked as a picture editor for ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=49–50}} The following year, Joseph Albright began work at ''Newsday'' in New York City, and the couple moved to [[Garden City, New York|Garden City]] on Long Island.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=52}} That year, she gave birth to twin daughters, [[Alice P. Albright|Alice Patterson Albright]] and Anne Korbel Albright. The twins were born six weeks premature and required a long hospital stay. As a distraction, Albright began Russian language classes at [[Hofstra University]] in the [[Hempstead (village), New York|Village of Hempstead]] nearby.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=52}}

In 1962, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where they lived in [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown]]. Albright studied international relations and continued in Russian at the [[Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies]], a division of [[Johns Hopkins University]] in the capital.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=54}}

Joseph's aunt Alicia Patterson died in 1963, and the Albrights returned to Long Island with the notion of Joseph taking over the family newspaper business.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=55}} Albright gave birth to another daughter, Katharine Medill Albright, in 1967. She continued her studies at Columbia University's Department of Public Law and Government.{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=56}} (It was later renamed as the political science department, and is located within the [[School of International and Public Affairs]].) She earned a certificate in Russian from the [[Harriman Institute|Russian Institute]] (now Harriman Institute),<ref>{{Cite news |last=McBride |first=Courtney |date=March 24, 2022 |title=Madeleine Albright, First Woman to Serve as U.S. Secretary of State, Dies at 84 |language=en-US |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/madeleine-albright-first-woman-to-serve-as-secretary-of-state-dies-11648061238 |access-date=March 29, 2022 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In Memoriam: Madeleine Albright (1937–2022) |url=https://harriman.columbia.edu/in-memoriam-madeleine-albright-1937-2022/ |access-date=March 29, 2022 |website=The Harriman Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> an [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] and a PhD, writing her master's thesis on the [[People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs|Soviet diplomatic corps]] and her doctoral [[dissertation]] on the role of journalists in the [[Prague Spring]] of 1968.{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=56, 59-60, 69-71}} She also took a graduate course given by [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]], who later became her boss at the [[United States National Security Council|U.S. National Security Council]].{{sfn|Albright|2003|p=57}}