Editing Macquarie University (section)

==History==

===20th century===
[[Image:Professorpetermasondelivers first lecture.JPG|thumb|[[Peter Mason (physicist)|Peter Mason]] delivers first lecture]]

The idea of founding a third university in Sydney was flagged in the early 1960s when the [[New South Wales Government]] formed a committee of enquiry into higher education to deal with a perceived emergency in university enrolments in [[New South Wales]]. During this enquiry, the Senate of the [[University of Sydney]] put in a submission which highlighted 'the immediate need to establish a third university in the metropolitan area'.<ref>Liberality of Opportunity, Mansfield and Hutchinson, p. 19</ref> After much debate a future campus location was selected in what was then a semi-rural part of [[North Ryde, New South Wales|North Ryde]], and it was decided that the future university be named after [[Lachlan Macquarie]], an important early governor of the colony of New South Wales.

Macquarie University was formally established in 1964 with the passage of the Macquarie University Act 1964 by the New South Wales parliament.

The initial concept of the campus was to create a new high-technology corridor, similar to the area surrounding [[Stanford University]] in [[Palo Alto, California]], the goal being to provide for interaction between industry and the new university.<ref>''The Book of Sydney Suburbs'', Compiled by Frances Pollon, Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia {{ISBN|0-207-14495-8}}, page 189</ref> The academic core was designed in the [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalist]] style and developed by the town planner [[Walter Abraham (town planner)|Walter Abraham]] who also oversaw the next 20 years of planning and development for the university. A committee appointed to advise the state government on the establishment of the new university at North Ryde nominated Abraham as the architect-planner. The fledgling Macquarie University Council decided that planning for the campus would be done within the university, rather than by consultants, and this led to the establishment of the architect-planners office.<ref name="University of Sydney">{{cite web |url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/news/architecture/274.html?newsstoryid=1452 |title=Wally Abraham – a distinguished planner for Sydney and Macquarie Universities |publisher=University of Sydney |access-date=20 September 2009 |archive-date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911132951/http://www.usyd.edu.au/news/architecture/274.html?newsstoryid=1452 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first vice-chancellor of Macquarie University, Alexander George Mitchell, was selected by the University Council which met for the first time on 17 June 1964. Members of the first university council included: Colonel Sir [[Edward Ford (physician)|Edward Ford]] OBE, [[David Paver Mellor]], [[Rae Else-Mitchell]] QC and Sir [[Walter D. Scott|Walter Scott]].<ref>{{cite dictionary|title=Biography – Sir Edward (Ted) Ford|chapter=Sir Edward (Ted) Ford (1902–1986) |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ford-sir-edward-ted-12503|dictionary=The Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date=29 March 2015|archive-date=29 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929034617/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/ford-sir-edward-ted-12503|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary|title=Biography – Sir Walter Scott|chapter=Sir Walter Scott (1903–1981) |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/scott-sir-walter-15492|dictionary=The Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date=29 March 2015|archive-date=27 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227174519/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/scott-sir-walter-15492|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary|title=Biography – David Paver Mellor|chapter=David Paver Mellor (1903–1980) |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mellor-david-paver-11104|dictionary=The Australian Dictionary of Biography|access-date=29 March 2015|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403063748/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mellor-david-paver-11104|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1964 First University Council – Jubilee Hub|url=http://jubilee.mq.edu.au/Story/1012/First-University-Council|publisher=Macquarie University|access-date=29 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152016/http://jubilee.mq.edu.au/Story/1012/First-University-Council|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Image:First students Macquarie.JPG|thumb|left|First students at Macquarie University]]
The university first opened to students on 6 March 1967 with more students than anticipated. The Australian Universities Commission had allowed for 510 effective full-time students (EFTS) but Macquarie had 956 enrolments and 622 EFTS.<ref>Liberality of Opportunity, Mansfield and Hutchinson, p. 24</ref> Between 1968 and 1969, enrolment at Macquarie increased dramatically with an extra 1200 EFTS, with 100 new academic staff employed. 1969 also saw the establishment of the [[Macquarie Graduate School of Management]] (MGSM).
[[File:Macquarie University Library 1993.jpg|thumb|right|Macquarie University Library 1993, scaled by members of the Macquarie University Mountaineering Society during O-Week.]]

Macquarie grew during the seventies and eighties with rapid expansion in courses offered, student numbers and development of the site. In 1972, the university established the [[Macquarie Law School]], the third law school in Sydney. In their book ''Liberality of Opportunity'', Bruce Mansfield and Mark Hutchinson describe the founding of Macquarie University as 'an act of faith and a great experiment'.<ref>Liberality of Opportunity, Mansfield and Hutchinson, p. 317</ref> An additional topic considered in this book is the [[Macquarie science reform movement|science reform movement]] of the late 1970s that resulted in the introduction of a named science degree, thus facilitating the subsequent inclusion of other named degrees in addition to the traditional BA.<ref>Liberality of Opportunity, Mansfield and Hutchinson, pp. 268–271.</ref> An alternative view on this topic is given by theoretical physicist [[John Clive Ward|John Ward]].<ref>J. C. Ward, ''Memoirs of a Theoretical Physicist'' (Optics Journal, Rochester, 2004).</ref>

In 1973, the student union ([[Macquarie University Campus Experience|MUSC]]) worked with the [[Builders Labourers Federation]] (BLF) to organise one of the first "pink bans".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Liz |date=2023-04-03 |title=Revolution Is For Us: Gay Liberation, Unions and the Left in the 1970s |url=https://commonslibrary.org/revolution-is-for-us-gay-liberation-unions-and-the-left-in-the-1970s/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref> Similar in tactic to the [[green ban]], the pink ban was recommended when one of the residential colleges at Macquarie University, Robert Menzies College, ordered a student to lead a [[celibacy|celibate]] life and undertake therapy and confession to cure himself of his homosexuality. The BLF decided to stop all construction work at the college until the university and the College [[wiktionary:master|Master]] made statements committing to a non-discriminatory university environment.  MUSC was successful in engaging with the BLF again in 1974 when a woman at Macquarie University had her NSW Department of Education scholarship cancelled on the basis that she was a lesbian and therefore unfit to be a teacher.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Green Bans, Red Union: Environmental Activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers' Federation|last=Burgmann|first=Verity and Meredith|year=1998}}</ref>

After over a decade of service, the first vice-chancellor Mitchell was succeeded by [[Edwin C. Webb]] in December 1975. Webb was required to steer the university through one of its most difficult periods as the value of universities were debated and the governments introduced significant funding cuts. Webb left the university in 1986 and was succeeded by [[Di Yerbury]], the first female vice-chancellor in Australia. Yerbury would go on to hold the position of vice-chancellor for nearly 20 years.

In 1990, the university absorbed the Institute of Early Childhood Studies of the [[Sydney College of Advanced Education]], under the terms of the Higher Education (Amalgamation) Act 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/1989/65/historical1999-12-03/ful|title=NSW Legislation|website=www.legislation.nsw.gov.au|access-date=12 April 2017|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727093514/http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/act/1989/65/historical1999-12-03/ful|url-status=live}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:View from end of wally's walk.JPG|thumb|''Wally's Walk'']]
[[Steven Schwartz (vice-chancellor)|Steven Schwartz]] replaced Di Yerbury as vice-chancellor at the beginning of 2006. Yerbury's departure was attended with much controversy, including a "bitter dispute" with Schwartz, disputed ownership of university artworks worth $13&nbsp;million and Yerbury's salary package.<ref name="theaust">{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21336766-12332,00.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215173600/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21336766-12332,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 December 2012 | work=The Australian | first=Brendan | last=O'Keefe | title=Schwartz outlines cultural overhaul | date=7 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/yerbury-wont-donate-artworks/2007/02/09/1170524303925.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=Yerbury won't donate artworks | date=10 February 2007 | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=20 June 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620181231/https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/yerbury-wont-donate-artworks/2007/02/09/1170524303925.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2006, Schwartz expressed concern about the actions of Yerbury in a letter to university auditors.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/pdf/schwartz.pdf | title=6 August 2006 | newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924220509/http://www.smh.com.au/pdf/schwartz.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref> Yerbury strongly denied any wrongdoing and claimed the artworks were hers.<ref name="theaust"/><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.smh.com.au/pdf/nudebackside.pdf | title=Macquarie University | newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald | access-date=20 February 2020 | archive-date=24 September 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924220502/http://www.smh.com.au/pdf/nudebackside.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=They call her the grand dame of Sydney's Macquarie University but as Di Yerbury left her post as Vice Chancellor, controversy descended.|url=http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1847798.htm|publisher=ABC|access-date=5 March 2008|archive-date=11 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811073833/http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1847798.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

During 2007, Macquarie University restructured its student organisation after an audit raised questions about management of hundreds of thousands of dollars in funds by student organisations<ref name="audit">{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21668934-2702,00.html |title=Uni student fund audit sparks probe |date=4 May 2007 |access-date=4 May 2007 |work=The Australian |first=Bernard |last=Lane |archive-date=30 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830183225/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21668934-2702,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the centre of the investigation was Victor Ma, president of the Macquarie University Students' Council, who was previously involved in a high-profile case of student election fixing at the [[University of Sydney]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://digest.idmedia.org.au/2004/29octb.html |title=SUPRA: Stupid Unaccountable Postgraduate Rip-off Association |date=29 October 2005 |access-date=10 June 2007 |publisher=The News Digest |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423105404/http://digest.idmedia.org.au/2004/29octb.html |archive-date=23 April 2007 }}</ref>
The university Council resolved to immediately remove Ma from his position. Vice-chancellor Schwartz cited an urgent need to reform Macquarie's main student bodies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pr.mq.edu.au/events/index.asp?ItemID=2908 |title=Macquarie University responds to mismanagement within its student organisations |date=4 May 2007 |access-date=10 June 2007 |publisher=Macquarie University – Public Relations and Marketing Unit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114053034/http://www.pr.mq.edu.au/events/index.asp?ItemID=2908 |archive-date=14 November 2007  }}</ref>
However, Ma strongly denied any wrongdoing and labelled the controversy a case of 'character assassination'.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/uni-sacks-student-union-head/2007/05/04/1177788400626.html |title = Uni sacks student union head |date = 5 May 2007 |access-date = 10 June 2007 |work = The Sydney Morning Herald |archive-date = 14 October 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071014002024/http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/uni-sacks-student-union-head/2007/05/04/1177788400626.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
The Federal Court ordered on 23 May 2007 that Macquarie University Union Ltd be wound up.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/federal_ct/2007/844.html |title = Macquarie University v Macquarie University Union Limited (No 2) [2007] FCA 844 |date= 23 May 2007 |access-date =25 January 2008 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia and Federal Court of Australia }}</ref>

Following the dissolution of Macquarie University Union Ltd, the outgoing student organisation was replaced with a new wholly owned subsidiary company of the university, known as U@MQ Ltd. The new student organisation originally lacked a true student representative union; however, following a complete review and authorisation from the university Council, a new student union known as Macquarie University Students Association (MUSRA) was established in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.campuslife.mq.edu.au/media/11603/musra%20charter_final_24jun09.pdf|title=MUSRA Charter|author=MUSRA|access-date=5 July 2011|archive-date=7 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407095610/http://www.campuslife.mq.edu.au/media/11603/musra%20charter_final_24jun09.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Mquarie.JPG|left|thumb|Parklands at the university]]
Within the first few hundred days of Schwartz's instatement as vice-chancellor, the 'Macquarie@50' strategic plan was launched, which positioned the university to enhance research, teaching, infrastructure and academic rankings by the university's 50th anniversary in 2014.  Included in the university's plans for the future was the establishment of a sustainability office in order to more effectively manage environmental and social development at Macquarie. As part of this campaign, in 2009 Macquarie became the first [[Fair trade certification|Fair Trade]] accredited university in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mq.edu.au/sustainability/fairtrade.html|title=Fair Trade – Macquarie University|access-date=6 July 2011|archive-date=1 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110801093317/http://www.mq.edu.au/sustainability/fairtrade.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The beginning of 2009 also saw the introduction of a new logo for the university which retained the Sirius Star, present on both the old logo and the university crest, but now 'embedded in a stylised lotus flower'.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mq.edu.au/advancement/pdfs/matters/mq-matters.20090313.pdf |title=A new logo ... |date=20 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305070235/https://www.mq.edu.au/advancement/pdfs/matters/mq-matters.20090313.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2011  }}</ref> In accordance with the university by-law, the crest continues to be used for formal purposes and is displayed on university testamurs. The by-law also prescribes the university's motto, taken from Chaucer: 'And gladly teche'.

In 2013, the university became the first in Australia to fully align its degree system with the [[Bologna Accord]].<ref name="smhhonours"/><ref name="theaustralianhonours"/><ref name="postgraduate"/>
{{clearleft}}