Editing Machine vision (section)

==Definition==

Definitions of the term "Machine vision" vary, but all include the technology and methods used to extract information from an image on an automated basis, as opposed to [[image processing]], where the output is another image. The information extracted can be a simple good-part/bad-part signal, or more a complex set of data such as the identity, position and orientation of each object in an image. The information can be used for such applications as automatic inspection and robot and process guidance in industry, for security monitoring and vehicle guidance.<ref name="TextbookP1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tppFDwAAQBAJ|title=Machine Vision Algorithms and Applications|author=Steger|first=Carsten|author2=Markus Ulrich|author3=Christian Wiedemann|date=2018|publisher=[[Wiley-VCH]]|edition=2nd|isbn=978-3-527-41365-2|location=Weinheim|page=1|access-date=2018-01-30}}</ref><ref name=Beyerer2016>{{cite book | author= Beyerer, Jürgen| author2= Puente León, Fernando| author3= Frese, Christian| name-list-style= amp |title= Machine Vision - Automated Visual Inspection: Theory, Practice and Applications | publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |location=Berlin | date=2016 |isbn=978-3-662-47793-9 | url=https://www.springer.com/book/9783662477939 |access-date=2016-10-11|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-47794-6}}</ref><ref name=Gravespg5 /> This field encompasses a large number of technologies, software and hardware products, integrated systems, actions, methods and expertise.<ref name=Gravespg5>{{cite book|author=Graves, Mark|author2=Bruce G. Batchelor|name-list-style=amp | title=Machine Vision for the Inspection of Natural Products | page=5 |date=2003|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|isbn=978-1-85233-525-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXwz4MDCkYsC&pg=PA5 |access-date=2010-11-02}}</ref><ref name ="Holton">{{cite journal |last=Holton|first=W. Conard | title= By Any Other Name |url= http://www.vision-systems.com/articles/print/volume-15/issue-10/Departments/Inside_Vision/by-any-other-name.html |access-date=2013-03-05|journal = Vision Systems Design |date=October 2010|issue=10|volume=15|issn=1089-3709}}</ref>  Machine vision is practically the only term used for these functions in industrial automation applications; the term is less universal for these functions in other environments such as security and vehicle guidance.       Machine vision as a [[systems engineering]] discipline can be considered distinct from [[computer vision]], a form of basic [[computer science]]; machine vision attempts to integrate existing technologies in new ways and apply them to solve real world problems in a way that meets the requirements of industrial automation and similar application areas.<ref name=Gravespg5 />{{rp|5}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Owen-Hill|first1=Alex|title=Robot Vision vs Computer Vision: What's the Difference? |url=http://www.roboticstomorrow.com/article/2016/07/robot-vision-vs-computer-vision-whats-the-difference/8484/|publisher=Robotics Tomorrow|date=July 21, 2016}}</ref>   The term is also used in a broader sense by trade shows and trade groups such as the Automated Imaging Association and the European Machine Vision Association. This broader definition also encompasses products and applications most often associated with image processing.<ref name = Holton/>  The primary uses for machine vision are automatic inspection and [[industrial robot]]/process guidance.<ref name = NASAarticle/><ref name=AssemblyIntro2016/>{{rp|6–10}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lückenhaus|first1=Maximilian|title=Machine Vision in IIoT|url=http://www.qualitymag.com/articles/93296-machine-vision-in-iiot|work=Quality Magazine|date=May 1, 2016|language=en}}</ref> In more recent times the terms computer vision and machine vision have converged to a greater degree. <ref name = davies5> ''Computer Vision'' Principles, algorithms, Applications, Learning   5th Edition by E.R. Davies Academic Press, Elselvier 2018 ISBN 978-0-12-809284-2</ref>{{rp|13}} See [[glossary of machine vision]].