Editing Macaroni (section)

==Etymology==
In [[Italian language|Italian]], ''maccheroni'' refers to elongated pasta, not necessarily in tubular form.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_italiano/M/maccherone.shtml |title=Dizionari - Corriere |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2020-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815125349/https://dizionari.corriere.it/dizionario_italiano/M/maccherone.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> This general meaning is still retained outside [[Rome]] and in different languages which borrowed the word.

''Maccheroni'' comes from Italian ''maccheroni'' ({{IPA|it|makkeˈroːni|lang}}), plural form of ''maccherone''. The academic consensus supports the position that the word is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] μακαρία (''makaría''),<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmakari%2Fa μακαρία] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212145129/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=makari/a |date=2020-12-12 }}, (def. III),
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> a type of [[barley]] [[broth]] which was served to commemorate the dead.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120721192318/http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/macaroni?view=uk Macaroni], on Compact Oxford English Dictionary</ref><ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=macaroni&searchmode=none "Macaroni"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702125435/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=macaroni&searchmode=none |date=2017-07-02 }}, Online Etymology Dictionary</ref><ref>[http://www.yourdictionary.com/macaroni Macaroni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630155641/http://www.yourdictionary.com/macaroni |date=2017-06-30 }}, on Webster's New World College Dictionary</ref><ref>Andrew Dalby, ''Food in the Ancient World from A to Z'', Routledge, 2003, on [https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&dq=laganon+makaria&pg=PA251 Google books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528102410/https://books.google.com/books?id=FtIXAe2qYDgC&dq=laganon%20makaria&pg=PA251 |date=2023-05-28 }}</ref><ref>Reader's Digest Oxford Complete Wordfinder</ref><ref>Dhirendra Verma, ''Word Origins'', on [https://books.google.com/books?id=rpgIQyInjWkC&dq=%22makaria%22+macaroni&pg=PA220 Google books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528102413/https://books.google.com/books?id=rpgIQyInjWkC&dq=%22makaria%22%20macaroni&pg=PA220 |date=2023-05-28 }}</ref><ref>Mario Pei, ''The story of language'', p.223</ref><ref>William Grimes, ''Eating Your Words'', Oxford University Press, on [https://archive.org/details/eatingyourwords00grim/page/120 <!-- quote="makaria" macaroni. --> Internet Archive]</ref><ref>Mark Morton, ''Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities'', on [https://books.google.com/books?id=qn-DASgdhiAC&dq=%22makaria%22+makaroni&pg=PA185 Google books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528102411/https://books.google.com/books?id=qn-DASgdhiAC&dq=%22makaria%22%20makaroni&pg=PA185 |date=2023-05-28 }}</ref> In turn, that comes from μάκαρες (''mákares''), meaning the 'blessed ones, blessed dead', the plural of μάκαρ (''mákar''), which means 'blessed, happy'; μακάριος (''makários'', from μάκαρ (mákar) + -ιος (-''ios'', adjective suffix)) and Μακάριος (''Makários''), '[[Macarius|Makarios]]' (Latinized form: [[Macarius]]), are derived terms.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dma%2Fkar μάκαρ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809194842/https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=ma/kar |date=2021-08-09 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/maccherone|title=maccheróne in Vocabolario - Treccani|website=www.treccani.it}}</ref> The many varieties sometimes differ from each other because of the texture of each pasta: [[rigatoni]] and ''[[tortiglioni]]'', for example, have ridges down their lengths, while ''chifferi'', ''lumache'', ''lumaconi'', ''pipe'', ''pipette'', etc. refer to elbow-shaped pasta similar to macaroni in North American culture.

However, the Italian linguist G. Alessio argues that the word can have two origins. The first is the [[Medieval Greek]] μακαρώνεια (''makarṓneia''), '[[dirge]]' (stated in sec. XIII by James of Bulgaria), which would mean 'funeral meal' and then 'food to serve' during this office (see modern [[East Thrace|Eastern Thrace]]'s  μαχαρωνιά (''makharōniá'') – ''macharōnia'' in the sense of 'rice-based dish served at the funeral'), in which case, the term would be composed of the double root of μακάριος (''makários''), 'blessed', and αἰωνίως (''aiōníōs''), 'eternally'.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dai%29w%2Fnios αἰωνίος] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925092645/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=ai)w/nios |date=2021-09-25 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> The second is the Greek μακαρία (''makaría''), 'barley broth', which would have added the suffix ''-one''.<ref>G. Alessio, "Atti dell'Accademia Pontaniana", t. 8, 1958-59, pp. 261–280</ref>

In his book ''Delizia! The Epic History of Italians and their Food'' (2007), [[John Dickie (historian)|John Dickie]] instead says that the word macaroni, and its earlier variants such as ''maccheroni'', "comes from ''maccare'', meaning to pound or crush".

The word first appears in English as ''makerouns'' in the 1390 ''[[The Forme of Cury]]'', which records the earliest recipe for [[macaroni and cheese]].<ref>{{cite web |author=James L. Matterer |url=http://www.godecookery.com/goderec/grec6.htm |title=Makerouns |publisher=Godecookery.com |access-date=2010-10-20 |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020045722/http://www.godecookery.com/goderec/grec6.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>