Editing Lynnwood, Washington (section)

==History==

Prior to contact with American settlers, the [[Snohomish people|Snohomish]] tribe of Native Americans used the area of modern-day Lynnwood for summertime activities, including hunting, fishing, berry gathering and root cultivation. The Snohomish were relocated to the [[Tulalip]] reservation, near modern-day [[Marysville, Washington|Marysville]], after the signing of the [[Treaty of Point Elliott]] in 1855, opening the area for American settlement.<ref name="HistoryLink">{{cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=July 13, 2007 |title=Lynnwood — Thumbnail History |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8200 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |access-date=May 6, 2017}}</ref>

Brown's Bay, part of [[Puget Sound]], and modern-day Meadowdale were surveyed by American loggers in 1859.<ref name="Meadowdale">{{cite web |last=Villigan |first=Tiffany |date=September 23, 2014 |title=Meadowdale: "One of the most prettily situated hamlets in Snohomish County." |url=http://www.alderwood.org/meadowdale-prettily-situated-hamlet-snohomish-county-pt1/ |publisher=Lynnwood-Alderwood Manor Heritage Association |access-date=May 6, 2017}}</ref> Logging on Brown's Bay began in 1860, and the first American settlers arrived in the 1880s. [[Scottish people|Scottish]]-born [[stonemason]] Duncan Hunter became the area's first white resident in 1889, filing an {{convert|80|acre|adj=mid}} [[land claim]] on modern-day 36th Avenue West after moving west from [[Wisconsin]]. The claim was inherited by Hunter's son Basil, who lived on the property until his death in 1982; it was later turned into the city's Pioneer Park in the late 1980s.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 16, 1970 |title=Homestead in Suburbia |page=A6 |work=[[The Seattle Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pioneer Park |url=http://www.lynnwoodwa.gov/PlayLynnwood/Parks/Pioneer-Park.htm |publisher=City of Lynnwood |access-date=May 10, 2017 |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606071119/http://www.lynnwoodwa.gov/PlayLynnwood/Parks/Pioneer-Park.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hunter was joined to the east by a claim from William Morrice, a fellow stonemason from [[Aberdeen, Scotland]].<ref name="Broom">{{cite book |last=Broom |first=Judith M. |year=1990 |title=Lynnwood: The Land, the People, the City |publisher=Peanut Butter Publishing |location=Seattle |oclc=23292701 |isbn=9780897163538 |pages=10–13}}</ref> Settlers from [[Pennsylvania]] homesteaded along Cedar Valley, to the south of Hunter and Morrice, and near Scriber Lake (named for Peter Schreiber) in 1888, leading to the establishment of the area's first schoolhouse in 1895.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Broom21">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pp=21–23}}</ref>

[[File:Lynnwood, WA — Wickers Building — 002.jpg|thumb|left|The Wickers Building, a 1919 cottage built in [[Alderwood Manor, Washington|Alderwood Manor]]]]

During the early 20th century, the Lynnwood area was gradually logged by private companies and mill operators, leaving behind plots with [[tree stump]]s. The arrival of the [[Seattle–Everett Interurban Railway]] in 1910 brought reliable transportation to the area, as well as real estate speculators. The [[Puget Mill Company]], then the largest landowner in southern Snohomish County, established the [[planned community]] of "[[Alderwood Manor, Washington|Alderwood Manor]]" in 1917 and marketed the area to urban dwellers wishing to build farms in the countryside. Alderwood Manor, located near an Interurban station, gained streets named for tree species and was divided into {{convert|5 to 10|acre|adj=mid}} plots that sold for $200 per acre. A {{convert|30|acre|adj=mid}} "demonstration farm" was built to educate new residents on raising crops and chickens, as well as market the Alderwood Manor plots to "Little Landers", a nickname for the new residents.<ref name="Broom50">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pages=50–53}}</ref> Alderwood Manor grew to over 1,463 people and 200,000 hens by 1922, and had electricity and telephone services to most of its residents.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Schwieterman">{{cite book |last=Schwieterman |first=Joseph P. |year=2004 |title=When the Railroad Leaves Town: American Communities in the Age of Rail Line Abandonment |pages=275–279 |publisher=[[Truman State University Press]] |location=Kirksville, Missouri |isbn=1-931112-14-2 |oclc=56968524 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzk_m4P9Y6kC |via=Google Books |access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref>

The Puget Mill Company leased out its demonstration farm in 1933 and ceased operations at Alderwood Manor later in the decade, amid declining sales during the [[Great Depression]]. At the same time, the opening of the [[Washington State Route 99|Pacific Highway]] (modern-day Highway 99) in 1927 and the decline of Interurban service in the 1930s shifted the center of economic growth west near Scriber Lake. Seattle realtor Karl O'Brien filed a [[plat]] along Highway 99 at [[Washington State Route 524|196th Street Southwest]] in 1937, naming the development "Lynnwood" after his wife Lynn.<ref name="Times-History">{{cite news |last=Nelson |first=Robert T. |date=January 25, 1987 |title=Looking for Lynnwood: Lynnwood's heart and soul seem transient, shifting each time a new road opens |page=10 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Nearby businesses adopted the name during the 1940s, leading to the formal use of "Lynnwood" by the [[chamber of commerce]] in 1946, instead of the suggested "West Alderwood".<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Broom83">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pages=83–86}}</ref>

Lynnwood gained its first [[post office]] in 1948, after a successful lobbying campaign by the Lynnwood Commercial Club to the federal [[United States Post Office Department|Post Office Department]].<ref>{{cite news |date=June 19, 1948 |title=Lynnwood Added to List Of Washington Postoffices |page=9 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Throughout the early 1950s, Lynnwood saw slow residential development, in part because of the lack of [[Sewerage|sewers]] and other municipal services.<ref name="Broom93">{{harvp|Broom|1990|page=93}}</ref> Local residents sought to be [[annexation|annexed]] into [[Edmonds, Washington|Edmonds]], but were denied and left to organize their own city.<ref name="Illust2005">{{cite book |last1=Cameron |first1=David A. |last2=LeWarne |first2=Charles P. |last3=May |first3=M. Allan |last4=O'Donnell |first4=Jack C. |last5=O'Donnell |first5=Lawrence E. |year=2005 |title=Snohomish County: An Illustrated History |page=308 |publisher=Kelcema Books LLC |location=Index, Washington |isbn=978-0-9766700-0-1 |oclc=62728798}}</ref> In 1956, a committee to study [[municipal incorporation|incorporating]] Lynnwood as a city was formed, proposing an area of {{convert|6.7|sqmi|sqkm}} and population of 10,744 for the new city. A petition to incorporate was signed by 600 voters and submitted early the following year, proposing a {{convert|6|sqmi|sqkm|adj=mid}} city; during the early months of 1958, several property owners asked to be removed from the proposal over disinterest in the Lynnwood group.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 20, 1957 |title=Petitions to Incorporate Lynnwood to Be Circulated |page=23 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> An incorporation measure was put before voters on the November 1958, failing by a narrow margin of 890 to 848 votes.<ref name="Broom95">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pages=95–97}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=November 6, 1958 |title=Incorporation Plan Defeated In Lynnwood |page=5 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref>

A second attempt at incorporation, with a revised size of {{convert|3|sqmi|sqkm|spell=in}} and population of 6,000, was approved by a 2-to-1 margin on April 14, 1959. The successful incorporation was credited in part to the movement of dilapidated homes and structures from the [[Right-of-way (property access)|right of way]] of [[Interstate 5 in Washington|Interstate 5]], a freeway to be built through Alderwood Manor, into the Lynnwood area at the behest of the county government. Realtor Jack Bennett was elected the city's first mayor,<ref>{{cite news |date=April 15, 1959 |title=Jack Bennett Elected Mayor Of Lynnwood |page=9 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> and the [[city council]] first met on April 20.<ref name="Broom97">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pages=97–99}}</ref> The [[city charter]] was approved by the county commissioners on April 23, 1959, marking Lynnwood's official incorporation as a third-class city.<ref name="Broom97"/><ref name="Illust2005"/> Two years after incorporation, the young city was mired in a legal dispute with neighboring Edmonds over the annexation of the Browns Bay area,<ref>{{cite news |last=Emery |first=Julie |date=September 3, 1961 |title=Lynnwood Facing Opposition To Plan to Annex 450 Acres |page=4 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> which was resolved in an out-of-court settlement.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 22, 1961 |title=Edmonds, Lynnwood in try for out-of-court settlement on annexation boundaries issue |page=1 |work=The Enterprise |location=Lynnwood, Washington}}</ref>

Lynnwood began offering municipal services in its first years, opening a [[sewage treatment plant]], a public park, new streets, and acquiring a water system from the Alderwood Water District.<ref name="Broom114">{{harvp|Broom|1990|p=114}}</ref> The city began building its {{convert|18|acre|ha|adj=mid}} civic center complex in 1969, shortly after the approval of a [[bond issue]] to finance the $1.5 million project (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|1500000|1969}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}} dollars).{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}<ref>{{cite news |last=Lane |first=Bob |date=July 21, 1968 |title=Lynnwood Takes Step Nearer To Civic Center |page=18 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> The civic center, located at 44th Avenue West and 194th Street Southwest, came after a decade in leased facilities scattered around the [[city center]].<ref>{{cite news |date=December 28, 1969 |title=Lynnwood Civic Center Near |page=F5 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> The first buildings on the campus, including the [[city hall]] and [[public library]], opened in 1971.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 28, 1971 |title=Lynnwood sets move to new City Hall |page=D13 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Later expansions to the civic center added a police station, a [[municipal court]]house, and an indoor recreation center.<ref name="Broom123">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pages=123–124}}</ref>

The opening of Interstate 5 in 1965 moved the commercial center of Lynnwood east towards Alderwood Manor, which culminated in the proposed construction of a large [[shopping center]] in 1968.<ref name="HistoryLink"/><ref name="Illust2005"/>{{rp|331–332}} The {{convert|130|acre|ha|adj=mid}} shopping center, named [[Alderwood Mall]] and developed by [[Allied Stores]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Lane |first=Polly |date=March 17, 1968 |title=Shopping Center to Rise Near Lynnwood |page=1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> was put on hold during the local recession of the early 1970s and was later sold to shopping mall developer Edward J. DeBartolo Sr. in 1976.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lane |first=Polly |date=April 21, 1974 |title=Allied to move toward construction on two centers |page=H1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lane |first=Polly |date=July 2, 1976 |title=Shop-center sites sold to Ohio developer |page=A5 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Alderwood Mall opened on October 4, 1979,<ref>{{cite news |last=Cartwright |first=Jane |date=October 5, 1979 |title=Alderwood Mall opening thronged |page=A18 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> sparking a major retail and residential boom in the Lynnwood area in the early 1980s.<ref name="Times-1985Sky">{{cite news |last=Bergsman |first=Jerry |date=April 17, 1985 |title=Reaching for the sky: Planner envisions Lynnwood as metropolis of north |page=H1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> The Swamp Creek Interchange at Interstate 5 and [[Interstate 405 (Washington)|Interstate 405]] was completed in 1984, creating a new regional connection to Alderwood and Lynnwood from the [[Eastside (King County, Washington)|Eastside]] region of [[King County, Washington|King County]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bergsman |first=Jerry |date=June 27, 1984 |title=Swamp Creek Interchange completion in sight, business people promised |page=G1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref>

During the 1980s, Lynnwood gained its first of several [[office park]]s, housing [[high-tech industry|high-tech]] companies expanding from the Eastside and the Canyon Park area of [[Bothell, Washington|Bothell]].<ref name="Broom127">{{harvp|Broom|1990|pages=127–128}}</ref><ref name="Times-1985Sky"/> Shopping areas developed around Alderwood Mall at the same time, creating the county's largest retail center, and new housing areas spread out from the city limits of Lynnwood.<ref name="Times-1985Sky"/><ref name="Times-1988Future">{{cite news |last=Casey |first=Carolyn |date=February 10, 1988 |title=Lynnwood looks to the future |page=E1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Despite the development boom of unincorporated areas surrounding Lynnwood, growth within the city itself slowed in the late 1980s and 1990s, attributed to few annexations and slow natural growth.<ref name="EconomicProfile">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Economic Profile and Strategic Opportunities Report |url=http://www.lynnwoodwa.gov/Assets/City+Wide/Plans/Economic+Development/Economic+Profile.pdf |publisher=City of Lynnwood |access-date=May 14, 2017 |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220113529/http://www.lynnwoodwa.gov/Assets/City+Wide/Plans/Economic+Development/Economic+Profile.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|7}}

[[File:2015.10.19 006 - CM.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Lynnwood Convention Center]], opened in 2003 at the intersection of 196th Street Southwest and [[Interstate 5 in Washington|Interstate 5]]]]

Lynnwood began developing plans for a "city center" near the Alderwood Mall area in the 1980s.<ref name="Times-1988Future"/><ref name="Times-1990Downtown">{{cite news |last=Bergsman |first=Jerry |date=December 24, 1990 |title=Downtown? Lynnwood's looking |page=A1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Like other post-war suburbs, Lynnwood developed without a defined [[central business district]] and sought to consolidate cultural facilities and high-density development in a manner similar to [[Downtown Bellevue]].<ref name="Times-History"/><ref name="Herald-Center">{{cite news |last=Balta |first=Victor |date=February 26, 2008 |title=Lynnwood: A city in search of a soul |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/uncategorized/lynnwood-a-city-in-search-of-a-soul/ |work=The Enterprise |location=Lynnwood, Washington |access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref> In the late 1990s, the [[Washington State Department of Transportation]] rebuilt several interchanges on Interstate 5 in Lynnwood, including the construction of a full [[diamond interchange]] at 196th Street Southwest costing $80 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Clutter |first=Stephen |date=May 28, 1997 |title=Ramps to the city's past, future |page=B1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brunner |first=Jim |date=October 4, 1999 |title=Lynnwood getting some traffic relief |page=B1 |work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> The city opened a $31 million, medium-sized [[Lynnwood Convention Center|convention center]] in 2005 to anchor the future city center.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brooks |first=Diane |date=February 16, 2005 |title="All the bells and whistles" at new convention center |page=H6 |work=The Seattle Times |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/all-the-bells-and-whistles-at-new-convention-center/ |access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brooks |first=Diane |date=April 27, 2005 |title=Bellevue stands as model for Lynnwood's future |page=H14 |url=http://o.seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/eastsidenews/2002255928_bigcity28e.html |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=March 10, 2018 |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311143105/http://o.seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/eastsidenews/2002255928_bigcity28e.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The City of Lynnwood formally adopted its City Center Subarea Plan in 2007, outlining plans to re-develop a {{convert|300|acre|adj=mid}} area between [[Lynnwood City Center station|Lynnwood Transit Center]] and Alderwood Mall into a central business district.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brooks |first=Diane |date=January 6, 2007 |title=2007 will be a big year for Lynnwood makeover |page=B4 |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/2007-will-be-a-big-year-for-lynnwood-makeover/ |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Brooks |first=Diane |date=July 26, 2006 |title=Hotel, condos may start city's makeover |page=H7 |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/snohomishcountynews/2003151308_lynnwood26n.html |work=The Seattle Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802212324/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/snohomishcountynews/2003151308_lynnwood26n.html |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref> Development of the city center began in 2015, with the construction of two apartment buildings and a hotel located near the convention center.<ref>{{cite news |last=King |first=Rikki |date=April 21, 2015 |title=Lynnwood's City Center to include two apartment complexes, hotel |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/news/lynnwoods-city-center-to-include-two-apartment-complexes-hotel/ |work=The Everett Herald |access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Davis |first=Jim |date=May 19, 2017 |title=$26 million hotel being built in Lynnwood's City Center |url=http://www.heraldnet.com/business/26-million-hotel-being-built-in-lynnwoods-city-center/ |work=The Everett Herald |access-date=March 10, 2018}}</ref>