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==Early life and education== Lynn Petra Alexander<ref name="Weber-2011">{{cite news |last1=Weber |first1=Bruce |title=Lynn Margulis, evolution theorist, dies at 73 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/25/science/lynn-margulis-trailblazing-theorist-on-evolution-dies-at-73.html?_r=0 |access-date=25 July 2014 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=24 November 2011}}</ref><ref name="Lake-2011">{{cite journal |last1=Lake |first1=James A. |author-link=James A. Lake |title=Lynn Margulis (1938–2011) |journal=Nature |year=2011 |volume=480 |issue=7378 |pages=458 |doi=10.1038/480458a |pmid=22193092 |bibcode=2011Natur.480..458L|s2cid=205069081 |doi-access=free }}</ref> was born on March 5, 1938<ref name =obit>{{cite journal |last1=Schaechter |first1=M |title=Lynn Margulis (1938–2011) |journal=Science |year=2012 |volume=335 |issue=6066 |pages=302 |doi=10.1126/science.1218027 |pmid=22267805 |bibcode=2012Sci...335..302S|s2cid=36800637 }}</ref> in [[Chicago]], to a [[Jews|Jewish]] family.<ref>{{cite web |last=Goldman |first=Jason |title=Ad Memoriam: Lynn Margulis (5.03.1938 - 22.11.2011) |url=http://www.jasonggoldman.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Goldman-Lynn-Margulis.pdf |website=Jason G. Goldman |access-date=September 14, 2015}}</ref> Her parents were Morris Alexander and Leona Wise Alexander. She was the eldest of four daughters. Her father was an attorney who also ran a company that made road paints. Her mother operated a travel agency.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Oakes |first1=Elizabeth H. |title=Encyclopedia of World Scientists |year=2007 |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4381-1882-6 |page=484 |edition=Revised |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPRB-OED1bcC}}</ref> She entered the [[Hyde Park Academy High School]] in 1952,<ref name="NNDB">{{cite web |title=Lynn Margulis |url=http://www.nndb.com/people/228/000268421/ |website=NNDB |publisher=Soylent Communications |access-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref> describing herself as a bad student who frequently had to stand in the corner.<ref name="Lake-2011"/> A precocious child, she was accepted at the [[University of Chicago Laboratory Schools]]<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=di Properzio |first1=James |title=Lynn Margulis: Full speed ahead |url=http://www.mindfully.org/Heritage/2004/Lynn-Margulis-Gaia1feb04.htm |magazine=University of Chicago Magazine |date=February 1, 2004 |access-date=July 25, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723105346/http://www.mindfully.org/Heritage/2004/Lynn-Margulis-Gaia1feb04.htm |archive-date=July 23, 2014}}</ref> at the age of fifteen.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scoville |first1=Heather |title=Lynn Margulis |url=http://evolution.about.com/od/scientists/p/Lynn-Margulis.htm |website=About.com |access-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218165240/http://evolution.about.com/od/scientists/p/Lynn-Margulis.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Lynn Margulis |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Lynn_Margulis.aspx |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Biography |access-date=December 18, 2014 |year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |publisher=BBC Radio 4 |title=A Life With ... |series=Series 5 |type=interview |number=A life with Microbes |date=July 16, 2009}}</ref> In 1957, at age 19, she earned a BA from the University of Chicago in [[Liberal arts education|Liberal Arts]]. She joined the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]] to study biology under [[Hans Ris]] and Walter Plaut, her supervisor, and graduated in 1960 with an [[Master of Science|MS]] in genetics and zoology. (Her first publication, published with Plaut in 1958 in the ''Journal of Protozoology'', was on the genetics of ''[[Euglena]]'', [[flagellate]]s which have features of both animals and plants.)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Archibald |first1=John |title=One Plus One Equals One: Symbiosis and the evolution of complex life |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-966059-9 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xI9tAwAAQBAJ}}</ref> She then pursued research at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], under the zoologist Max Alfert. Before she could complete her dissertation, she was offered research associateship and then lectureship at [[Brandeis University]] in Massachusetts in 1964. It was while working there that she obtained her PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1965. Her thesis was ''An Unusual Pattern of Thymidine Incorporation in ''Euglena''.''<ref name="Margulis-2002">{{cite book |title=Una revolución en la evolución: Escritos seleccionados|publisher=Universitat de Valencia |year=2002 |isbn=978-8-437-05494-0 |location=Valencia |pages=45–48 |language=es |last1=Margulis |first1=Lynn}}</ref>
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