Editing Low-temperature technology timeline (section)

== Prior to the 19th century ==
* {{ca.|1700 BC}} – [[Zimri-Lim]], ruler of Mari in Syria commanded the construction of one of the first [[Ice house (building)|ice house]]s near the [[Euphrates]].<ref name="Dalley2002">{{cite book|author=Stephanie Dalley|author-link=Stephanie Dalley|title=Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_oTh51M5XF4C&pg=PA91|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Gorgias Press LLC|isbn=978-1-931956-02-4|page=91}}</ref>
* {{ca.|500 BC}} – The [[yakhchal]] (meaning "ice pit" in Persian) is an ancient Persian type of refrigerator. The structure was formed from a mortar resistant to heat transmission, in the shape of a dome. Snow and ice was stored beneath the ground, effectively allowing access to ice even in hot months and allowing for prolonged [[food preservation]]. Often a [[badgir]] was coupled with the [[yakhchal]] in order to slow the heat loss. Modern refrigerators are still called yakhchal in Persian.
* {{ca.|60 AD}} – [[Hero of Alexandria]] knew of the principle that certain substances, notably air, expand and contract and described a demonstration in which a closed tube partially filled with air had its end in a container of water.<ref>T.D. McGee (1988) ''Principles and Methods of Temperature Measurement'' {{ISBN|0-471-62767-4}}</ref> The expansion and contraction of the air caused the position of the water/air interface to move along the tube. This was the first established principle of gas behaviour vs temperature, and principle of first thermometers later on. The idea could predate him even more ([[Empedocles]] of Agrigentum in his 460 B.C. book On Nature).
* 1396 AD – Ice storage warehouses called "Dong-bing-go-tango" (meaning "east ice storage warehouse" in Korean) and Seo-bing-go ("west ice storage warehouse") were built in Han-Yang (currently Seoul, Korea). The buildings housed ice that was collected from the frozen Han River in January (by lunar calendar). The warehouse was well-insulated, providing the royal families with ice into the summer months.{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} These warehouses were closed in 1898 AD but the buildings are still intact in Seoul.
* 1593 – [[Galileo Galilei]] builds a first modern [[thermoscope]]. But it is possible the invention was by [[Santorio Santorio]] or independently around same time by [[Cornelis Drebbel]]. The principle of operation was known in [[ancient Greece]].
* {{ca.|1611}}–1613 – Francesco Sagredo or [[Santorio Santorio]], put a numerical scale on a thermoscope.
* 1617 – [[Giuseppe Biancani]] publishes first clear diagram of thermoscope
* 1638 – [[Robert Fludd]] describes thermometer with a scale, using air thermometer principle with column of air and liquid water.
* 1650 – [[Otto von Guericke]] designed and built the world's first [[vacuum pump]] and created the world's first ever [[vacuum]] known as the [[Magdeburg hemispheres]] to disprove [[Aristotle]]'s long-held supposition that '[[Nature abhors a vacuum]]'.
* 1656 – [[Robert Boyle]] and [[Robert Hooke]] built an [[air pump]] on this design.
* 1662 – [[Boyle's law]] (gas law relating pressure and volume) is demonstrated using a [[vacuum pump]]
* 1665 – Boyle theorizes a minimum temperature in ''New Experiments and Observations touching Cold''.
* 1679 – [[Denis Papin]] – [[safety valve]]
* 1702 – [[Guillaume Amontons]] first calculates [[absolute zero]] to be −240&nbsp;°C using an air thermometer of his own invention (1702), theorizing at this point the gas would reach zero volume and zero pressure.
* 1714 – [[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]] invented the first reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures
* 1724 – [[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]] proposes a Fahrenheit scale, which had finer scale and greater reproducibility than competitors.
* 1730 – [[René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur]] invented an alcohol thermometer and temperature scale ultimately proved to be less reliable than Fahrenheit's mercury thermometer.
* 1742 – [[Anders Celsius]] proposed a scale with zero at the boiling point and 100 degrees at the freezing point of water. It was later changed to be the other way around, on the input from Swedish academy of science.
* 1755 – [[William Cullen]] used a pump to create a partial [[vacuum]] over a container of [[diethyl ether]], which then [[boiling point|boiled]], absorbing [[heat of vaporization|heat]] from the surrounding air.<ref>{{cite book|last=Arora|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=Refrigeration and Air Conditioning|publisher=PHI Learning|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=978-81-203-3915-6|page=3|chapter=Mechanical vapour compression refrigeration|date=30 March 2012}}</ref>
* 1756 – The first documented public demonstration of artificial [[refrigeration]] by [[William Cullen]]<ref>William Cullen, ''Of the Cold Produced by Evaporating Fluids and of Some Other Means of Producing Cold,'' '''in''' Essays and Observations Physical and Literary Read Before a Society in Edinburgh and Published by Them, II, (Edinburgh 1756)</ref>
* 1782 – [[Antoine Lavoisier]] and [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] invent the [[Calorimetry|ice-calorimeter]]
* 1784 – [[Gaspard Monge]] liquefied the first pure gas with Clouet producing liquid [[sulfur dioxide]].<ref>{{Cite journal|jstor=23905084 |title=Quelques précisions sur le chimiste Clouet et deux de ses homonymes |last1=Taton |first1=René |journal=Revue d'Histoire des Sciences et de Leurs Applications |date=1952 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=359–367 |doi=10.3406/rhs.1952.2972 }}</ref><ref name="Wisiak2003">[https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789/22723/1/IJCT%2010%282%29%20223-236.pdf Wisniak, Jaime. "Louis Paul Cailletet—The liquefaction of the permanent gases." (2003).]</ref>
* 1787 – [[Charles's law]] (Gas law, relating volume and temperature)
* 1799 – [[Martin van Marum]] and [[Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk]] compressed ammonia to see if it followed Boyle's law. They found at room temperature and 7 atm gaseous ammonia condensed to a liquid.<ref name="Wisiak2003"/>