Editing Louis Andriessen (section)

==Life and career==
Andriessen was born in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]] on 6 June 1939 to a musical family,<ref name="Huizenga 2021" /> the son of the composer [[Hendrik Andriessen]]<ref name="Huizenga 2021" /> and Johanna Justina Anschütz (1898–1975).<ref>{{cite book |editor-last = Trochimczyk | editor-first = Maja | title=the Music of Louis Andriessen | publisher = [[Psychology Press]] | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVaifSN0M18C&pg=PA65 | date = 2002 | page = 65 | isbn=978-0-81-533789-8}}</ref> His father was professor of composition at the [[Royal Conservatory of The Hague]], and later its director. His siblings are composers [[Jurriaan Andriessen (composer)|Jurriaan Andriessen]] and Caecilia Andriessen (1931–2019), and he is the nephew of [[Willem Andriessen]] (1887–1964).<ref name="Huizenga 2021" />

Andriessen originally studied with his father and [[Kees van Baaren]] at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, graduating in 1961 with a first prize,<ref name="Composers21" /><ref name="Trochimczyk 2013 p. 32">{{cite book | editor-last=Trochimczyk | editor-first=Maja | title=Music of Louis Andriessen | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-136-76966-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMAlhsyAzzAC&pg=PA32 | access-date=2 July 2021 | pages=32ff}}</ref> before embarking upon two years of study with Italian composer [[Luciano Berio]] in Milan and Berlin.<ref name="Huizenga 2021" /><ref name="Hamilton">{{cite journal | last = Hamilton | first = Andy | title=Composer Louis Andriessen has died, aged 82 | journal=[[Gramophone (magazine)|Gramophone]] | url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/classical-music-news/article/composer-louis-andriessen-has-died-aged-82 | date=1 July 2021 | access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> His father introduced him to the works of [[Francis Poulenc]] and [[Eric Satie]] which he came to love.<ref name="Hamilton" /> From 1961–65, Andriessen wrote for the daily ''[[De Volkskrant]]'', and for ''[[De Gids]]'' magazine from 1966–69.<ref name="KDG">{{cite web | title=Louis Andriessen, Komponisten der Gegenwart (KDG) | website=munzinger.de | url=http://www.munzinger.de/document/17000000013 | language=de | access-date=2 July 2021}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Andriessen lived in [[Amsterdam]] starting in 1965.<ref name="KDG" />

In 1969, he was part of a group of protesters at a concert of the Concertgebouw Orchestra. They disrupted the concert with nutcrackers and bicycle horns, handing out leaflets on the dismal representation of Dutch new music in the orchestra's programming. The next year, he and the other "Nutcrackers" were given one-week prison sentences, and yet their protest sparked something of a social reform in the Dutch music scene.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Louis Andriessen obituary|newspaper=[[The Times]] |language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/louis-andriessen-obituary-cjgl3chnj|access-date=20 September 2021|issn=0140-0460}}</ref>

Andriessen was internationally recognised as a composer with his 1976 ''De Staat'' which included texts from Plato's ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]''.<ref name="Clements 2021" /> He was one of the founders of the Hague School, an avant-garde and minimalist movement from the second half of the 20th century.<ref name="Netherlands News Live 2021" /> In later decades, he accepted commissions from major orchestras, including the [[San Francisco Symphony]], the [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]], the [[BBC Symphony Orchestra]] and the [[New York Philharmonic]].<ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021" /> Andriessen was the focus of festivals in Tanglewood (1994), London (1994; 2002), Tokyo (2000), Brisbane (2001) and New York (2004).<ref name="KDG" /> In 2008, he was elected an honorary member of the [[International Society for Contemporary Music]] ISCM.<ref name="ISCM – International Society for Contemporary Music 2020">{{cite web | title=Honorary members | website=ISCM – International Society for Contemporary Music | date=21 June 2020 | url=https://iscm.org/about-us/honorary-members/ | access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> He held the Richard and Barbara Debs Composer's Chair at [[Carnegie Hall]] during the 2009–10 season.<ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021" />

=== Ensembles ===
[[File:Louis Andriessen at the Roundhouse.jpg|thumb|Andriessen at the Roundhouse in [[Vancouver]] (2009)]]
In 1969, Andriessen co-founded Studio voor Elektro-Instrumentale Muziek [[STEIM]] in Amsterdam.<ref name="STEIM 2019">{{cite web | title=STEIM Radio #9: The Founders | website=STEIM | date=2 January 2019 | url=https://steim.org/2012/04/steim-radio-9-the-founders/ | access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="Baumgartner 2021" /> In opposition to the classical orchestra, a structure seen as "hierarchical",<ref name="Hamilton" /> he also helped founding the instrumental groups [[Orkest de Volharding]]<ref name="Huizenga 2021" /> and [[Hoketus]], both of which performed compositions of the same names,<ref name="Hamilton" /><ref name="Schott Music">{{cite web | title=Louis Andriessen | website=Schott Music | url=https://de.schott-music.com/shop/autoren/louis-andriessen | language=de | access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref> formed by classical, jazz and pop musicians.<ref name="Hamilton" /> He later became closely involved with the [[Asko/Schönberg|Schonberg and Asko]] ensembles and inspired the formation of the British ensemble [[Icebreaker (band)|Icebreaker]].<ref name="Gramophone">{{cite web | title=Review | website=Gramophone | url=https://www.gramophone.co.uk/reviews/review | access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref>

=== Teaching ===
{{For LMST|Louis|Andriessen}}
Andriessen joined the faculty of the Royal Conservatory in 1974.<ref name="Composers21" /> He taught instrumentation from 1974 to 1978 and taught composition there from 1978 to 2012,<ref name="Huizenga 2021" /><ref name="Composers21" /><ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021" /> where he influenced notable students including [[Michel van der Aa]], [[Richard Ayres]] and [[Steve Martland]].<ref name="Clements 2021" /> [[Yale University]] invited him in 1987 to lecture on theory and composition,<ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021" /> he was also guest lecturer at [[New York State University]], [[Buffalo University|Buffalo]] (1989) and [[Princeton]] (1996).{{sfn|Schönberger|2001}} The arts faculty of the [[University of Leiden]] appointed him professor in 2004.<ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021" /> One of his students was [[Raminta Šerkšnytė]], a lithuanian pianist and composer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hollfelder |first=Peter |title=Klaviermusik: internationales chronologisches Lexikon : Geschichte, Komponisten, Werke, Literatur : Supplement 2005, Volumen 3 |year=1999 |isbn=978-3795907709 |edition=F. Noetzel; Neuausg |location=books.google |pages=201 |language=dutch}}</ref>

=== Personal life ===
Andriessen was married to guitarist [[Jeanette Yanikian]] (1935–2008). They were a couple for over 40 years, and were married in 1996.<ref name="Guardian" /> ''La Commedia'' is dedicated to Yanikian.<ref name="Nonesuch Records Official Website 2021">{{cite web | title=Nonesuch Records La Commedia | website=Nonesuch Records Official Website | date=1 July 2021 | url=https://www.nonesuch.com/ | access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref> He was married in 2012 a second time to violinist [[Monica Germino]], for whom he wrote several works.<ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021" /><ref name="Baumgartner 2021">{{cite web | last=Baumgartner | first=Edwin | title=Nachruf | website=Klassik – Wiener Zeitung Online | date=2 July 2021 | url=https://www.wienerzeitung.at/nachrichten/kultur/klassik/2110974-Niederlaendischer-Komponist-Louis-Andriessen-gestorben.html | language=de | access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> In December 2020, she announced that Louis was suffering from [[dementia]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Maddocks |first=Fiona | title=The week in classical: Live from London Christmas; Louis Andriessen premiere – review | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=12 December 2020 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/dec/12/voces8-live-from-london-christmas-review-aeolians-rachel-podger-roderick-williams-louis-andriessen-may-premiere-amsterdam-orchestra-18th-century-eighteenth | access-date=3 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="nos.nl">{{Cite web|url=https://nos.nl/l/2387511|title=Componist Louis Andriessen (82) overleden|website=nos.nl|date=July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Power |first1=Steph |title=Louis Andriessen: The Only One |url=https://www.classical-music.com/reviews/choral-song/louis-andriessen-the-only-one/ |website=ClassicalMusic.com |date=18 March 2021 |publisher=BBC |access-date=23 June 2021}}</ref> He died on 1 July 2021 in [[Weesp]] at age 82.<ref name="Huizenga 2021">{{cite web | last=Huizenga | first=Tom | title=Louis Andriessen, Influential, Iconoclastic Dutch Composer, Dies At Age 82 | website=WVTF | date=1 July 2021 | url=https://www.wvtf.org/post/louis-andriessen-influential-iconoclastic-dutch-composer-dies-age-82 | access-date=1 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="Fonseca-Wollheim-2021">{{cite news |last=Fonseca-Wollheim |first=Corinna da | title=Louis Andriessen, Lionized Composer With Radical Roots, Dies at 82 | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=1 July 2021 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/01/arts/music/louis-andriessen-dead.html | access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref><ref name="nos.nl"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2021/07/01/rebel-louis-andriessen-was-grootste-nederlandse-componist-sinds-eeuwen-a4049518|title=Rebel Louis Andriessen was grootste Nederlandse componist sinds eeuwen|website=NRC|date=July 2021 |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Joep }}</ref>

Andriessen had one son, Lodewijk Torenbos-Andriessen, with dancer and theatre director Betsy Torenbos.{{Citation needed|date=August 2024}}