Editing Los Angeles (section)

==Toponymy==
{{see also|Etymology of place names in Los Angeles County, California}}
On September 4, 1781, a group of 44 settlers known as "[[Los Angeles Pobladores|Los Pobladores]]" founded the {{lang|es|pueblo|italics=no}} (town) they called {{Langx|es-MX|[[El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles]]|label=none|italics=no|translation=The Town of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Our Lady]] the Queen of the Angels}}.<ref name="almanac">{{cite web|url=http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03b.php|title=Settlement of Los Angeles|website=Los Angeles Almanac|language=en-US|access-date=September 2, 2018|archive-date=September 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902084302/http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03b.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The original name of the settlement is disputed; the [[Guinness Book of World Records]] rendered it as "El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río [[Portiuncula|Porciúncula]]";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-12-me-2-story.html|title=Ooh L.A. L.A.|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 12, 1991|access-date=October 24, 2021|archive-date=January 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111235047/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-12-me-2-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> other sources have shortened or alternate versions of the longer name.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-26-me-name26-story.html|title=City of Angels' First Name Still Bedevils Historians|first=Bob|last=Pool|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=March 26, 2005|access-date=October 24, 2021|archive-date=October 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021233935/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-mar-26-me-name26-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The local English pronunciation of the name of the city has varied over time. A 1953 article in the [[Names (journal)|journal]] of the [[American Name Society]] asserts that the pronunciation {{IPAc-en|l|ɔː|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|əl|ə|s}} {{respell|lawss|_|AN|jəl|əs}} was established following the 1850 incorporation of the city and that since the 1880s the pronunciation {{IPAc-en|l|oʊ|s|_|ˈ|æ|ŋ|ɡ|əl|ə|s}} {{respell|lohss|_|ANG|gəl|əs}} emerged from a trend in California to give places Spanish, or Spanish-sounding, names and pronunciations.<ref name="stein">{{cite journal|last=Stein|first=David Allen|year=1953|title=Los Angeles: A Noble Fight Nobly Lost|journal=[[Names (journal)|Names]]|volume=1|issue=1|pages=35–38|doi=10.1179/nam.1953.1.1.35 |issn=0027-7738}}</ref> In 1908, librarian [[Charles Fletcher Lummis]], who argued for the name's pronunciation with a hard ''g'' ({{IPAc-en|ɡ}}),<ref>{{cite news|last=Masters|first=Nathan|date=February 24, 2011|url=https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/the-crusader-in-corduroy-the-land-of-soundest-philosophy-and-the-g-that-shall-not-be-jellified|title=The Crusader in Corduroy, the Land of Soundest Philosophy, and the 'G' That Shall Not Be Jellified|work=KCET|publisher=Public Media Group of Southern California|access-date=July 4, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183813/https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/the-crusader-in-corduroy-the-land-of-soundest-philosophy-and-the-g-that-shall-not-be-jellified|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Masters|first=Nathan|date=May 6, 2016|url=https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/how-to-pronounce-los-angeles-according-to-charles-lummis|title=How to Pronounce "Los Angeles," According to Charles Lummis|work=KCET|publisher=Public Media Group of Southern California|access-date=July 4, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190942/https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/how-to-pronounce-los-angeles-according-to-charles-lummis|url-status=live}}</ref> reported that there were at least 12 pronunciation variants.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lummis|first=Charles Fletcher|date=June 29, 1908|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32760469/19080629losangeleslummis/|title=This Is the Way to Pronounce Los Angeles|work=Nebraska State Journal|page=4|access-date=July 4, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709185038/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32760469/19080629losangeleslummis/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the early 1900s, the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' advocated for pronouncing it ''Loce AHNG-hayl-ais'' ({{IPAc-en|l|oʊ|s|_|ˈ|ɑː|ŋ|h|eɪ|l|eɪ|s}}), approximating Spanish {{IPA|es|los ˈaŋxeles|}}, by printing the [[respelling]] under its masthead for several years.<ref name="harvey">{{cite news|last=Harvey|first=Steve|date=June 26, 2011|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-jun-26-la-me-0626-then-20110626-story.html|title=Devil of a time with City of Angels' name|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=July 4, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183227/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2011-jun-26-la-me-0626-then-20110626-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This did not find favor.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kenyon|first1=John Samuel|author1-link=John Samuel Kenyon|last2=Knott|first2=Thomas Albert|year=1944|title=A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English|location=Springfield, Mass.|publisher=G. & C. Merriam|page=260|url=https://archive.org/details/pronouncingdicti00unse/page/260/mode/1up}}</ref>

Since the 1930s, {{IPAc-en|l|ɔː|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|əl|ə|s}} has been most common.<ref>{{cite book|last=Buntin|first=John|date=2009|title=L.A. Noir: The Struggle for the Soul of America's Most Seductive City|location=New York|publisher=Harmony Books|page=16|isbn=978-0-307-35207-1}}</ref> In 1934, the [[United States Board on Geographic Names]] decreed that this pronunciation be used by the federal government.<ref name="harvey"/> This was also endorsed in 1952 by a "jury" appointed by Mayor [[Fletcher Bowron]] to devise an official pronunciation.<ref name="stein"/><ref name="harvey"/>

Common pronunciations in the United Kingdom include {{IPAc-en|l|ɒ|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|ɪ|l|iː|z|,_|-|l|ɪ|z|,_|-|l|ɪ|s}} {{respell|loss|_|AN|jil|eez|,_-|iz|,_-|iss}}.<ref>{{Cite EPD|18}}</ref> Phonetician [[Jack Windsor Lewis]] described the most common one, {{IPAc-en|l|ɒ|s|_|ˈ|æ|n|dʒ|ɪ|l|iː|z|audio=En-uk-Los Angeles.ogg}}, as a [[spelling pronunciation]] based on analogy to Greek words ending in ''-{{zwj}}es'', "reflecting a time when the classics were familiar if Spanish was not".<ref>{{cite book|last=Windsor Lewis|first=Jack|year=1990|chapter=''Happ''Y land reconnoitred: the unstressed word-final -{{zwj}}y vowel in General British pronunciation|editor-last=Ramsaran|editor-first=Susan|title=Studies in the Pronunciation of English: A Commemorative Volume in Honour of A.C. Gimson|publisher=Routledge|pages=159–167|isbn=978-1-138-92111-5|chapter-url=http://www.yek.me.uk/happyland.html|access-date=June 12, 2023|archive-date=May 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518022340/http://www.yek.me.uk/happyland.html|url-status=live}} Pages 166–167.</ref>