Editing Lord Peter Wimsey (section)

==Biography==

===Background===
Born in 1890 and ageing in real time, Wimsey is described as being of average height, with straw-coloured hair, a beaked nose, and a vaguely foolish face. Reputedly his looks are patterned after those of academic and poet [[Roy Ridley]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Barbara |date=1997 |title=Dorothy L. Sayers, Her Life and Soul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k_SCHjdtqCQC&dq=lord+peter+wimsey+roy+ridley&pg=PA56 |location=New York, New York, USA |publisher=St. Martin's Press |page=56 |isbn=9780312153533}}</ref> whom Sayers briefly met after witnessing him read his [[Newdigate Prize]]-winning poem "Oxford" at the [[Encaenia]] ceremony in July 1913. 

Twice in the novels (in ''[[Murder Must Advertise]]'' and ''[[Busman's Honeymoon]]'') his looks are compared to those of the actor [[Ralph Lynn]]. Wimsey also possesses considerable intelligence and athletic ability, evidenced by his playing cricket for [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] while taking a [[British undergraduate degree classification|First]] in history (referred to in ''[[Gaudy Night]]''). He creates a spectacularly successful publicity campaign for Whifflet cigarettes while working for Pym's Publicity Ltd, and at age 40 is able to turn three cartwheels in the office corridor, stopping just short of the boss's open office door (''[[Murder Must Advertise]]'').

Among Lord Peter's hobbies, in addition to criminology, is collecting [[Incunabulum|incunabula]], books from the earliest days of printing. He is an expert on matters of food (and especially wine), male fashion, and classical music. He excels at the piano, including [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s works for keyboard instruments. Lord Peter likes driving fast and keeps a powerful  Daimler (for example, a  12-cylinder or "double-six" 1927 [[Daimler Company|Daimler]] four-seater); he calls these cars "Mrs Merdle" after a character in [[Charles Dickens]]'s ''[[Little Dorrit]]'' who "hated fuss". In the eleventh novel, ''[[Busman's Honeymoon]]'', we are told he has owned nine Daimlers with this name. 
[[File:DaimlerDoubleSixCorsicaCoupe.JPG|thumb|right|A [[Daimler Double-Six sleeve-valve V12|Daimler double-six V12 50hp]] [[Corsica Coachworks|Corsica]] drophead coupé body designed by [[Reid Railton]] (1931)]]
[[File:Daimler Double-Six.JPG|thumb|right|A Daimler double-six V12 50hp four-door saloon made for [[Anna Neagle]] and given to her by her husband]]

Lord Peter Wimsey's ancestry begins with the 12th-century knight Gerald de Wimsey, who went with King [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] on the [[Third Crusade]] and took part in the [[Siege of Acre (1189–1191)|Siege of Acre]].<ref>''[[Strong Poison]]'', Ch. XXI.</ref> This makes the Wimseys an unusually ancient family, since "Very few English noble families go that far in the first creation; rebellions and monarchic head choppings had seen to that", as reviewer [[Janet Hitchman]] noted in the introduction to ''[[Striding Folly]]''. The family coat of arms, first mentioned in ''[[Gaudy Night]]'', is "[[sable (heraldry)|Sable]], 3 mice courant, argent; crest, a domestic cat couched as to spring, [[proper (Heraldry)|proper]]". The family motto, displayed under its coat of arms, is "As my Whimsy takes me."<ref>''Clouds of Witness'' reissue, Dorothy Sayers. London: Victor Gollancz, 1935 (preface)</ref>

===Early life===
Lord Peter is the second of the three children of Mortimer Wimsey, 15th [[Duke of Denver]], and Honoria Lucasta Delagardie, who lives on throughout the novels as the Dowager Duchess of Denver. She is witty and intelligent, and strongly supports her younger son, whom she plainly prefers over her less intelligent, more conventional older son [[Gerald Christian Wimsey, 16th Duke of Denver|Gerald]], the 16th Duke. Gerald's snobbish wife, Helen, detests Peter. Gerald's son and heir is the devil-may-care Viscount St George. Lady Mary, the younger sister of the 16th Duke, and of Lord Peter, leans strongly to the political left. At one time she planned to elope with a radical left agitator, and though this did not come about she did scandalise Helen by marrying a policeman of working-class origins.

Lord Peter Wimsey is called "Lord" as he is the younger son of a [[duke]]. This is a [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]]; he is not a peer and has no right to sit in the House of Lords, nor does the courtesy title pass on to any offspring he may have.

As a boy, Peter was, to the great distress of his father, strongly attached to an old, smelly poacher living at the edge of the family estate. In his youth, Peter was influenced by his maternal uncle, Paul Delagardie, who took it upon himself to instruct his nephew in the facts of life – how to conduct various love affairs and treat his lovers. Lord Peter was educated at [[Eton College]] and [[Balliol College, Oxford]], graduating with a [[British undergraduate degree classification|first]]-class degree in history. He was also an outstanding cricketer, whose performance was still well remembered decades later. Though not taking up an academic career, he was left with an enduring and deep love for Oxford.

===Great War and aftermath===
To his uncle's disappointment, Wimsey fell deeply in love with a young woman named Barbara and became engaged to her. When the [[First World War]] broke out, he hastened to join the [[British Army]], releasing Barbara from her engagement in case he was killed or mutilated. The girl later married another, less principled officer.

Wimsey served on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] from 1914 to 1918, reaching the rank of [[Major (UK)|major]] in the [[Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)|Rifle Brigade]]. He was appointed an [[intelligence officer]], and on one occasion he infiltrated the staff room of a German officer.<ref>''[[Whose Body?]]'', Ch.11</ref> Though not explicitly stated, that feat implies that Wimsey spoke a fluent and unaccented German. As noted in ''[[Have His Carcase]]'', he communicated at that time with British Intelligence using the [[Playfair cipher]] and became proficient in its use.

For reasons never clarified, after the end of his spy mission, Wimsey in the later part of the war moved from Intelligence and resumed the role of a regular line officer. He was a conscientious and effective commanding officer, popular with the men under his command—an affection still retained by Wimsey's former soldiers many years after the war, as is evident from a short passage in ''[[Clouds of Witness]]'' and an extensive reminiscence in ''[[Gaudy Night]]''.

In particular, while in the army he met Sergeant [[Mervyn Bunter]], who had previously been [[Domestic worker|in domestic service]]. In 1918, Wimsey was wounded by artillery fire near [[Caudry]] in France. He suffered a breakdown due to [[shell shock]] (which we now call [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] but which was then often thought, by those without first-hand experience of it, to be a species of malingering) and was eventually sent home. While sharing this experience, which the Dowager Duchess referred to as "a jam", Wimsey and Bunter arranged that if they were both to survive the war, Bunter would become Wimsey's [[valet]]. Throughout the books, Bunter takes care to address Wimsey as "My Lord". Nevertheless, he is a friend as well as a servant, and Wimsey again and again expresses amazement at Bunter's high efficiency and competence in virtually every sphere of life.

After the war, Wimsey was ill for many months, recovering at the family's ancestral home in Duke's Denver, a fictional setting—as is the Dukedom of Denver—about 15 miles (24&nbsp;km) beyond the real [[Denver, Norfolk|Denver]] in Norfolk, on the [[A10 road (Great Britain)|A10]] near [[Downham Market]]. Wimsey was for a time unable to give servants any orders whatsoever, since his wartime experience made him associate the giving of an order with causing the death of the person to whom the order was given. Bunter arrived and, with the approval of the Dowager Duchess, took up his post as valet. Bunter moved Wimsey to a London flat at 110A [[Piccadilly]], [[London postal district|W1]],{{efn|Although London postal districts were subdivided into numbered divisions in 1917, the books merely refer to the postal district as "W".}} while Wimsey recovered. Even much later, however, Wimsey would have relapses—especially when his actions caused a murderer to be hanged. As noted in ''[[Whose Body?]]'', on such occasions Bunter would take care of Wimsey and tenderly put him to bed, and they would revert to being "Major Wimsey" and "Sergeant Bunter".

In the reissue of ''The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club'' (1935), the biography of Wimsey is "brought up to date" by his uncle, Paul Austin Delagardie, purportedly at the request of Sayers herself, further giving the illusion that he is a real person. At this point, Wimsey is claimed to be 45 years old and "time he was settled". The biography takes up the last eight pages of the book and concludes with the statement that Wimsey "has always had everything except the things he really wanted, and I suppose he is luckier than most."

===Detective work===
Wimsey begins his hobby of investigation by recovering ''[[The Attenbury Emeralds]]'' in 1921. At the beginning of ''[[Whose Body?]]'', there appears the unpleasant Inspector Sugg, who is extremely hostile to Wimsey and tries to exclude him from the investigation (reminiscent of the relations between [[Sherlock Holmes]] and [[Inspector Lestrade]]). However, Wimsey is able to bypass Sugg through his friendship with [[Scotland Yard]] detective [[Charles Parker (detective)|Charles Parker]], a sergeant in 1921. At the end of ''Whose Body?'', Wimsey generously allows Sugg to take completely undeserved credit for the solution; the grateful Sugg cannot go on with his hostility to Wimsey. In later books, Sugg fades away and Wimsey's relations with the police become dominated by his amicable partnership with Parker, who eventually rises to the rank of Commander (and becomes Wimsey's brother-in-law).

Bunter, a man of many talents himself, not least photography, often proves instrumental in Wimsey's investigations. However, Wimsey is not entirely well. At the end of the investigation in ''Whose Body?'' (1923), Wimsey [[Hallucination|hallucinates]] that he is back in the trenches. He soon recovers his senses and goes on a long holiday.

In ''[[Clouds of Witness]]'' (1926), Wimsey travels to the fictional Riddlesdale in [[North Yorkshire]] to assist his elder brother Gerald, who has been accused of murdering Captain Denis Cathcart, their sister's fiancé. As Gerald is the Duke of Denver, he is [[Privilege of peerage#Trial by peers|tried by the entire House of Lords, as required by the law at that time]], to much scandal and the distress of his wife Helen. Their sister, Lady Mary, also falls under suspicion. Lord Peter clears the Duke and Lady Mary, to whom Parker is attracted.

As a result of the slaughter of men in the First World War, there was in the UK a considerable imbalance between the sexes. It is not exactly known when Wimsey recruited [[Miss Climpson]] to run an undercover employment agency for women, a means to garner information from the otherwise inaccessible world of spinsters and widows, but it is prior to ''[[Unnatural Death (novel)|Unnatural Death]]'' (1927), in which Miss Climpson assists Wimsey's investigation of the suspicious death of an elderly cancer patient. Wimsey's highly effective idea is that a male detective going around and asking questions is likely to arouse suspicion, while a middle-aged woman doing it would be dismissed as a gossip and people would speak openly to her.

As recounted in the short story "The Adventurous Exploit of the Cave of Ali Baba", in December 1927 Wimsey fakes his own death, supposedly while hunting big game in [[Tanganyika Territory|Tanganyika]], to penetrate and break up a particularly dangerous and well-organised criminal gang. Only Wimsey's mother and sister and the loyal Bunter know that he remains alive. Emerging victorious after more than a year masquerading as "the disgruntled sacked servant Rogers", Wimsey remarks that "We shall have an awful time with the lawyers, proving that I am me." In fact, he returns smoothly to his old life, and the interlude is never referred to in later books.

During the 1920s, Wimsey has affairs with various women, which are the subject of much gossip in Britain and Europe. This part of his life remains hazy: it is hardly ever mentioned in the books set in the same period; most of the scant information on the subject is given in flashbacks from later times, after he meets Harriet Vane and relations with other women become a closed chapter. In ''[[Busman's Honeymoon]]'' Wimsey facetiously refers to a gentleman's duty "to remember whom he had taken to bed" so as not to embarrass his bedmate by calling her by the wrong name.

There are several references to a relationship with a famous Viennese opera singer, and Bunter—who evidently was involved with this, as with other parts of his master's life—recalls Wimsey being very angry with a French mistress who mistreated her own servant.

The only one of Wimsey's earlier women to appear in person is the artist Marjorie Phelps, who plays an important role in ''[[The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club]]''. She has known Wimsey for years and is attracted to him, though it is not explicitly stated whether they were lovers. Wimsey likes her, respects her, and enjoys her company—but that is not enough. In ''[[Strong Poison]]'', she is the first person other than Wimsey himself to realise that he has fallen in love with Harriet.

Reviewer Barbara Stanton noted that "Dorothy Sayers had created Peter Wimsey as a womanizer - though a rather gentlemanly and sensitive one. It would have been out of character for him to return Marjorie Phelps' love, and inevitable that he would break her heart - as he must have done to many other women before. But Sayers - a woman writer who had herself experienced disappointments and frustrations in relations with men - evidently decided to take revenge on her character and educate him. Sayers took the conscious decision to turn the tables on Wimsey and make him fall deeply in love with a woman who would make him sweat and wait very very long before she finally accepted him".<ref>Barbara Stanton, "Harriet Vane and Peter Wimsey re-examined" in Margaret G. Crawford (ed.) "Assertive Women in Early Twentieth Century Popular Literature", 1996 Semi-Annual North American Academic Round Table on Gender Roles, p. 77-78</ref>

In ''Strong Poison'' Lord Peter encounters [[Harriet Vane]], a cerebral, Oxford-educated mystery writer, while she is on trial for the murder of her former lover in December 1929. He falls in love with her at first sight. He saves Harriet from the gallows, but she believes that gratitude is not a good foundation for marriage, and politely but firmly declines his frequent proposals. Lord Peter encourages his friend and foil, Chief Inspector Charles Parker, to propose to his sister, Lady Mary Wimsey, despite the great difference in their rank and wealth. They marry and have a son, named Charles Peter ("Peterkin"), and a daughter, Mary Lucasta ("Polly"). Visiting the Fen country in Easter 1930{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} (in ''[[The Nine Tailors]]'') Wimsey must unravel a 20-year-old case of missing jewels, an unknown corpse, a missing World War I soldier believed alive, a murderous escaped convict believed dead, and a mysterious code concerning church bells.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plaza.ufl.edu/sibenny/project1/timeline.html|title = Timeline of Lord Peter's Life}}</ref>

While on a fishing holiday in Scotland later in 1930,{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} Wimsey takes part in the investigation of the murder of an artist, related in ''[[Five Red Herrings]]''. Despite her rejection of his marriage proposals, he continues to court Miss Vane. In ''[[Have His Carcase]]'', in 1931, he finds Harriet is not in London, but learns from a reporter that she has discovered a corpse while on a walking holiday on England's south coast. Wimsey is at her hotel the next morning. He not only investigates the death and offers proposals of marriage, but also acts as Harriet's patron and protector from press and police. Despite a prickly relationship, they work together to identify the murderer.

Back in London in 1932, Wimsey goes undercover as "Death Bredon" at an advertising firm, working as a [[copywriter]] (''[[Murder Must Advertise]]''). Bredon is framed for murder, leading Charles Parker to "arrest" Bredon for murder in front of numerous witnesses. To distinguish Death Bredon from Lord Peter Wimsey, Parker smuggles Wimsey out of the police station and urges him to get into the papers. Accordingly, Wimsey accompanies "a Royal personage" to a public event, leading the press to carry pictures of both "Bredon" and Wimsey.

By 1935 Lord Peter is in continental Europe, acting as an unofficial attaché to the British [[Foreign Office]] (at the time of writing, British diplomacy was much concerned with the impending [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War|Italian invasion of Ethiopia]]). Harriet Vane contacts him about a problem she has been asked to investigate in her college at [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] (''[[Gaudy Night]]''). At the end of their investigation, Vane finally accepts Wimsey's proposal of marriage.

The couple marry on 8 October 1935, at [[St Cross Church, Oxford]], as depicted in the opening collection of letters and diary entries in ''[[Busman's Honeymoon]]''. The Wimseys honeymoon at Talboys, a house in east [[Hertfordshire]] near Harriet's childhood home, which Peter has bought for her as a wedding present. There they find the body of the previous owner, and spend their honeymoon solving the case, thus having the [[aphorism|aphoristic]] "Busman's Honeymoon".

Over the next five years, according to Sayers' short stories, the Wimseys have three sons: Bredon Delagardie Peter Wimsey (born in October 1936 in the story "The Haunted Policeman"); Roger Wimsey (born 1938), and Paul Wimsey (born 1940). However, according to the wartime publications of ''The Wimsey Papers'', published in ''[[The Spectator]]'', the second son was called Paul. In ''The Attenbury Emeralds'', Paul is again the second son and Roger is the third son. In the subsequent ''The Late Scholar'', Roger is not mentioned at all. It may be presumed that Paul is named after Lord Peter's maternal uncle Paul Delagardie. "Roger" is an ancestral Wimsey name.

In Sayers's final Wimsey story, the 1942 short story "Talboys", Peter and Harriet are enjoying rural domestic bliss with their three sons when Bredon, their first-born, is accused of the theft of prize peaches from the neighbour's tree. Peter and the accused set off to investigate and, of course, prove Bredon's innocence.