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== Origins and construction == <mapframe latitude="40.801856" longitude="-73.471756" zoom="9" width="281" height="220" align="left"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": { "stroke": "#cc0000", "title": "Long Island Motor Parkway (1908-1938)", "stroke-width": 3 }, "geometry": { "type": "LineString", "coordinates": [ [ -73.79242898896338, 40.74629028031719 ], [ -73.7746323645115, 40.74089703529059 ], [ -73.77242406830193, 40.73953073046887 ], [ -73.77152871340515, 40.738423008433266 ], [ -73.77033680677415, 40.736319797318885 ], [ -73.76946793869139, 40.73521151371549 ], [ -73.76791326329113, 40.73461182614483 ], [ -73.76522853970529, 40.73451338083541 ], [ -73.76196093857288, 40.73547318463234 ], [ -73.75252660363914, 40.737260394878625 ], [ -73.74221610836686, 40.73909715748316 ], [ -73.71872079558672, 40.74693901262326 ], [ -73.71735035441817, 40.74766940040853 ], [ -73.7117541767657, 40.75302412597081 ], [ -73.71062840335073, 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40.81744789950141 ], [ -73.1519171409309, 40.81741510416122 ], [ -73.1400634534657, 40.81843511411512 ], [ -73.13851887825878, 40.81860153029571 ], [ -73.13683319371195, 40.81903585331031 ], [ -73.13520949333908, 40.81967673939382 ], [ -73.1297169160098, 40.82348868952645 ] ] } } ] } </mapframe>[[William Kissam Vanderbilt II]], the great-grandson of [[Cornelius Vanderbilt]], was an auto-racing enthusiast and created the [[Vanderbilt Cup]], the first major road racing competition, in 1904. He ran the races on local roads in [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] during the first decade of the 20th century, but the deaths of two spectators and injury to many others showed the need to eliminate racing on residential streets. Vanderbilt responded by establishing a company to build a graded, banked and grade-separated highway suitable for racing that was also free of the horse manure dust often churned up by motor cars. The resulting Long Island Motor Parkway, with its [[banked turn]]s, [[guard rail]]s, reinforced concrete roadbed, and limited-access, was the first [[limited-access road|limited-access highway]] in the world.<ref name="NYT12OCT08">{{cite news|last=Patton|first=Phil|date=October 9, 2008|title=A 100-Year-Old Dream: A Road Just for Cars|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/automobiles/12LIMP.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710225130/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/automobiles/12LIMP.html?partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|archivedate=2018-07-10|url-status=live}}</ref> The road was originally planned to stretch for {{convert|70|mi|km}} in and out of [[New York City]] as far as [[Riverhead (town), New York|Riverhead]], the county seat of [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County]] and point of division for the [[North Fork (Long Island)|north]] and [[South Fork (Long Island)|south]] forks of [[Long Island]]. Only {{convert|45|mi|km}} (from [[Queens]] in New York City to [[Lake Ronkonkoma, New York|Lake Ronkonkoma]]) were constructed, at a cost of $6 million.<ref name="NYT12OCT08"/> Construction began in June 1908<ref name="Adcock">{{cite news |url=http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs701a%2C0%2C106290%2Cprint.story |title=The Age of the Auto: Sportsman William K. Vanderbilt II's cup race paves the way to the future |last=Adcock |first=Sylvia |date=April 12, 1998 |page=A16 |work=[[Newsday]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050131204720/http://www.newsday.com/community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs701a,0,106290,print.story |archivedate=January 31, 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (a year after the [[Bronx River Parkway]]). On October 10, 1908,<ref name="nyt-1908-10-10">{{cite news|title=35 cars to race on the Motor Parkway|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/10/10/104760606.pdf|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 10, 1908|page=10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001195717/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1908/10/10/104760606.pdf|archivedate=October 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> a {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} section opened as far as modern Bethpage. It hosted races in 1908 and on the full road in 1909 and 1910, but an accident in the 1910 Vanderbilt Cup, killing two [[riding mechanic]]s with additional injuries,<ref>{{cite news|title=Alco again wins Vanderbilt Cup but race's death toll is high|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/10/02/105093850.pdf|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 2, 1910|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182915/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/10/02/105093850.pdf|archivedate=2018-10-01|url-status=live}}</ref> caused the [[New York State Legislature|New York Legislature]] to ban racing except on race tracks, ending its career as a racing road. [[File:Long Island Motor Parkway train service 1908-10-18.png|thumb|right|Advertisement in ''The New York Times'', October 18, 1908.]] By 1911, the road was extended to Lake Ronkonkoma. Its western stretch was also extended from [[Great Neck, New York|Great Neck]] to what is now [[Fresh Meadows, Queens|Fresh Meadows]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1911/07/12/archives/longer-motor-parkway-long-island-organization-will-add-five-miles.html |title=Longer Motor Parkway: Long Island Organization Will Add Five Miles of Good Roads in Queens |work=The New York Times |date=July 12, 1911 |page=9}}</ref> The Long Island Motor Parkway was the first road designed exclusively for automobile use, the first concrete highway in the United States, and the first to use overpasses and bridges to eliminate intersections.<ref name="Adcock" /> ===AAA Champ Car Venue=== The parkway was used for four [[American Automobile Association]] [[AAA Contest Board|Contest Board]] [[Champ Car World Series|Champ Car]] races.<ref name="RacingReferenceAAA">{{cite web |title=AAA Champ Car Race Results at Long Island Motor Parkway |url=https://www.racing-reference.info/tracks/Long_Island_Motor_Parkway |website=www.racing-reference.info |accessdate=September 15, 2020}}</ref> The first one was held on October 30, [[1909 AAA Championship Car season|1909]], and was won by [[Harry Grant (racing driver)|Harry Grant]].<ref name="RacingReferenceAAA" /> Three races were held on October 10, [[1910 AAA Championship Car season|1910]], in front of a crowd estimated at 300,000 people.<ref name="RacingReferenceAAA" /> Grant won the main 22-lap event.<ref name="RacingReferenceAAA" /> A 15-lap event was won by [[Frank Gelnaw]], and [[Bill Endicott]] won a 10-lap event.<ref name="RacingReferenceAAA" /> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Date !! Winner !! Laps |- | October 30, 1909 || [[Harry Grant (racing driver)|Harry Grant]] || 22 |- | October 1, 1910 || [[Harry Grant (racing driver)|Harry Grant]] || 22 |- | October 1, 1910 || [[Frank Gelnaw]]|| 15 |- | October 1, 1910 || [[Bill Endicott]] || 10 |} Reference:<ref name="RacingReferenceAAA" />
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