Editing Lone Pine, California (section)

==History==
The [[Northern Paiute|Paiute]] Indians inhabited the [[Owens Valley]] area from prehistoric times.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bahr, Donald|title=The Owens Valley Epics|journal= American Indian Culture and Research Journal|volume=31 |number=2 |pages=41–68 |date=2007|publisher= American Indian Studies Center at UCLA|location= Los Angeles, CA|doi=10.17953/aicr.31.2.j25142156010276x}}</ref> These early inhabitants are known to have established trading routes which extended to the Pacific [[Central Coast of California|Central Coast]], delivering materials originating in the Owens Valley to such tribes as the [[Chumash people|Chumash]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Hogan, C. Michael & Burnham, Andy (Editor) |title=Los Osos Back Bay|website= Megalithic Portal|date=2008|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=18353}}</ref>

A cabin was built here during the winter of 1861–62.<ref name=CGN /> A settlement developed over the following two years.<ref name=CGN /> The Lone Pine post office opened in 1870.<ref name=CGN />

On March 26, 1872, at 2:30 am, Lone Pine experienced a violent [[1872 Lone Pine earthquake|earthquake]] that destroyed most of the town.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McLaughlin|first1=Mark|title=Living with Faults: The 1872 Lone Pine Earthquake|url=https://www.sierracollege.edu/ejournals/jsnhb/v6n2/faults.html|website=Sierra College Ejournals|publisher=[[Sierra College Press]]|access-date=16 July 2017}}</ref> At the time, the town consisted of 80 buildings made of mud and adobe; only 20 structures were left standing.<ref name="lpcc-1872">{{cite web|title=The Great Earthquake of 1872 |website=Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce |url=http://lonepinechamber.org/history/the-great-earthquake-of-1872/ |access-date=April 27, 2014}}</ref> As a result of the quake, which formed [[Diaz Lake]], a total of 26 people lost their lives.<ref name="lpcc-1872"/> A mass grave located just north of town commemorates the site of the main fault.<ref name="lpcc-1872"/> One of the few remaining structures pre-dating the earthquake is the {{convert|21|in|cm|adj=on}}-thick "Old Adobe Wall" located in the alley behind the Lone Star Bistro, a coffee house.<ref name="lpcc-1872"/>

During the 1870s, Lone Pine was an important supply town for several nearby mining communities, including Kearsarge, Cerro Gordo, Keeler, Swansea, and Darwin.<ref name="lpcc-mining">{{cite web|title=History of Mining Around Lone Pine |website=Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce |url=http://lonepinechamber.org/history/history-of-mining-around-lone-pine/ |access-date=April 27, 2014}}</ref> The Cerro Gordo mine high in the Inyo Mountains was one of the most productive silver mines in California.<ref name="lpcc-mining"/> The silver was carried in ore buckets on a strong cable to Keeler, and then transported {{convert|4|mi}} northwest to smelter ovens at Swansea.<ref name="lpcc-mining"/> To supply the necessary building materials and fuel for these operations, a sawmill was constructed near Horseshoe Meadows by Colonel Sherman Stevens that produced wood for the smelters and the mines.<ref name="lpcc-mining"/> The wood was moved by flume to the valley, where it was burned in adobe kilns to make charcoal, which was then transported by steamships across Owens Lake to the smelters at Swansea, about {{convert|12|mi}} south of Lone Pine.<ref name="lpcc-mining"/>

Railroads played a major role in the development of Lone Pine and the Owens Valley. In 1883, the [[Carson and Colorado Railway]] line was constructed from [[Belleville, Nevada|Belleville]], Nevada, across the [[White Mountains (California)|White Mountains]] to [[Benton, California|Benton]], and then down into the Owens Valley where it ended in [[Keeler, California|Keeler]].<ref name="lpcc-rr">{{cite web|title=History of the Railroads in the Lone Pine Area |website=Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce |url=http://lonepinechamber.org/history/history-of-the-railroads-in-the-lone-pine-area/ |access-date=April 27, 2014}}</ref> The arrival of the C&C rail line, with its engine "The Slim Princess", and the stagecoach in Keeler were a major economic boost for the area. Twice a week, passengers arrived on the evening train, spent the night at the Lake View Hotel (later renamed the Hotel Keeler), and then took the stage the following morning to Mojave.<ref name="lpcc-rr"/> A short line to the north connected with the [[Virginia and Truckee Railroad]] line at [[Mound House, Nevada|Mound House]], Nevada.<ref name="lpcc-rr"/>

In 1920, the history of Lone Pine was dramatically altered when a movie production company came to the [[Alabama Hills]] to make the silent film '' [[The Round-Up (1920 film)|The Round-Up]]''.<ref name="lpcc-film">{{cite web|title=The Film Industry in the Lone Pine Area |website=Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce |url=http://lonepinechamber.org/history/the-film-industry-in-the-lone-pine-area/ |access-date=April 27, 2014}}</ref> Other companies soon discovered the scenic location, and in the coming decades, over 400 films, 100 television episodes, and countless commercials have used Lone Pine and the Alabama Hills as a film location.<ref name="lpcc-film"/> Notable films shot here in the 1920s and 1930s include ''[[Riders of the Purple Sage (1925 film)|Riders of the Purple Sage]]'' (1925) with Tom Mix, ''[[The Enchanted Hill]]'' (1926) with Jack Holt, ''[[Somewhere in Sonora (1927 film)|Somewhere in Sonora]]'' (1927) with Ken Maynard, ''[[Blue Steel (1934 film)|Blue Steel]]'' (1934) with John Wayne, ''[[Hop-Along Cassidy]]'' (1935) with William Boyd, ''[[The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)|The Charge of the Light Brigade]]'' (1936) with Errol Flynn, ''[[Oh, Susanna! (1936 film)|Oh, Susanna!]]'' (1936) with Gene Autry, ''[[Rhythm on the Range]]'' (1936) with Bing Crosby, ''[[The Cowboy and the Lady (1938 film)|The Cowboy and the Lady]]'' (1938) with Gary Cooper, ''[[Under Western Stars]]'' (1938) with Roy Rogers, and ''[[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]'' (1939) with Cary Grant.

In the coming decades, Lone Pine and the Alabama Hills continued to be used as the setting for Western films, including ''[[West of the Pecos (1945 film)|West of the Pecos]]'' (1945) with Robert Mitchum, ''[[Thunder Mountain (1947 film)|Thunder Mountain]]'' (1947) with Tim Holt, ''[[The Gunfighter]]'' (1950) with Gregory Peck, ''[[The Nevadan]]'' (1950) with Randolph Scott, ''[[Bad Day at Black Rock]]'' (1955) with Spencer Tracy, ''[[Hell Bent for Leather (film)|Hell Bent for Leather]]'' (1960) with Audie Murphy, ''[[How the West Was Won (film)|How the West Was Won]]'' (1962) with James Stewart, ''[[Nevada Smith]]'' (1966) with Steve McQueen, ''[[Joe Kidd]]'' (1972) with Clint Eastwood, ''[[Maverick (film)|Maverick]]'' (1994) with Mel Gibson, and ''[[The Lone Ranger (2013 film)|The Lone Ranger]]'' (2013) with Johnny Depp. Through the years, non-Western films also used the unique landscape of the area, including Alfred Hitchcock's ''[[Saboteur]]'' (1942) with Robert Cummings, ''[[Samson and Delilah (1949 film)|Samson and Delilah]]'' (1949) with Hedy Lamarr, ''[[Star Trek V: The Final Frontier]]'' (1989) with William Shatner, ''[[Tremors (1990 film)|Tremors]]'' (1990) with Kevin Bacon, ''[[The Postman (film)|The Postman]]'' (1997) with Kevin Costner, and ''[[Gladiator (2000 film)|Gladiator]]'' (2000) with Russell Crowe.

The most important movie filmed in and around Lone Pine is director [[Raoul Walsh]]'s [[High Sierra (film)|''High Sierra'']] (1941), starring [[Humphrey Bogart]] as Roy Earle in the role that moved Bogart from respected supporting player to leading man. Cast and crew lodged in Lone Pine, and Walsh shot various scenes in and around Lone Pine. For the film's mountain chase scenes, Walsh took everyone to nearby Mt. Whitney, where pack mules lugged camera equipment up the mountainside: "filming began just outside Lone Pine ... on August 5, 1940. ... On a slope at the side of Mt. Whitney, ... a group of twenty men from the studio worked for four days to clear a path so that mountain-trained mules, packing cameras and other equipment, could get up to the shooting area.  ... Bogart had to run three miles up a mountainside for two days ... Walsh ordered all the big boulders removed from the path of [Bogart's] final fall, but the little ones remained, and Bogart complained about that plenty ... Bogie especially did not want to trek up that mountain. This was the shoot on which Walsh gave him the nickname 'Bogey the Beefer'".<ref>{{cite book|author=Moss, Marilyn Ann |title=Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director|pages= 192–193}}</ref> [[John Huston]] wrote the screenplay, and [[Ida Lupino]] co-starred.

{{Commons category|Japanese American internment processing in Lone Pine, California}}
Following the [[Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor]], on December 7, 1941, [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|President Roosevelt]] signed an [[Executive Order 9066|executive order]] that required people of Japanese ancestry living along the Pacific coast to be placed into relocation camps.<ref name="lpcc-manzanar">{{cite web|title=Manzanar |website=Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce |url=http://lonepinechamber.org/history/manzanar/ |access-date=April 27, 2014}}</ref> One of these camps, [[Manzanar]], was built {{convert|7|mi}} north of Lone Pine.