Editing London Borough of Haringey (section)

==History==
===Toponymy===
The names ''Haringey'', ''[[Harringay]]''<ref>''[[Harringay]]'' is an area of London within the London Borough ''Haringey''. The two differently spelt words describe different places and they are not interchangeable.</ref> and ''[[Hornsey]]'' in use today are all different variations of the same Old English: ''Hæringeshege''.  Hæring was a [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] chief who lived probably in the area around [[Hornsey]]. ''Hæringeshege'' meant Hæring's enclosure and evolved into ''Haringey'', ''[[Harringay]]'' and ''[[Hornsey]]''.
[[File:Haringey from Alexandra Palace.jpg|thumb|left|South-west Haringey with the [[City of London|City]] in the background, from [[Alexandra Palace]], one of the [[List of highest points in London|highest points in London]].]]
In the [[Last Glacial Maximum]], Haringey was at the edge of a huge glacial mass that reached as far south as [[Muswell Hill]].<ref name=Madge>{{cite book|last = Madge|first = Stephen J.|title = The Early Records of Harringay alias Hornsey |publisher = Public Libraries Committee Hornsey| year = 1938}}</ref> There is evidence of both [[Stone Age]] and [[Bronze Age]] activity.<ref name=County>{{cite book|last = T. F. T. Baker & C. R. Elrington (Editors) |title = A History of the County of Middlesex, Volume 8: Islington and Stoke Newington Parishes|publisher = British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.asp?pubid=30 | year = 1985}}</ref>

===Background===
In the [[Iron Age]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] periods, Haringey was peopled by a [[celts|Celtic tribe]] called the [[Catuvellauni]]{{cn|date=May 2025}}, whose extensive lands centred on [[Hertfordshire]] and [[Middlesex]]. The Romans' presence is evidenced chiefly by the roads they built through the area. [[Tottenham High Road]] was part of the main Roman thoroughfare of [[Ermine Street]]. There have also been Roman finds in the borough which suggests possible Roman settlement.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

In the 5th and 6th centuries after the [[History of Anglo-Saxon England|Saxon]] invasions the settlement of '''Haeringehaia''' was founded; its name coming from the [[Old English]] ''haeringe'' meaning a "meadow of hares".<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dpcjAQAAMAAJ&dq=haringey+etymology&pg=PA421 | title=The Environs of London: Middlesex | year=1811 | publisher=T. Cadell and W. Davies }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hekVAAAAYAAJ&dq=haringey+etymology&pg=PA5 | title=The History, Topography, and Antiquities of Highgate, in the County of Middlesex: With Notes on the Surrounding Neighbourhood of Hornsey, Crouch End, Muswell Hill, Etc | year=1888 | publisher=Subscription }}</ref>

Haringey remained a rural area until the 18th century when large country houses close to London became increasingly common.{{cn|date=May 2025}} The coming of the railways from the mid-nineteenth century onwards led to rapid urbanisation; by the turn of the century much of Haringey had been transformed from a rural to an [[Urbanization|urbanised]] environment.{{cn|date=May 2025}}

===Administrative history===
The area of the modern borough broadly corresponds to the two [[ancient parish]]es of [[Tottenham]] (which covered most of the area) and [[Hornsey]] in the south-west. Both parishes were historically in the county of [[Middlesex]], with Tottenham being in [[Edmonton Hundred]] and Hornsey in [[Ossulstone Hundred]]. Ossulstone was later split into divisions for certain administrative functions, and Hornsey was included in its [[Finsbury division]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hornsey St Mary Ancient Parish / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10071811 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tottenham Ancient Parish / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10164527 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref>

The ancient parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the 19th century there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. The ecclesiastical parishes were gradually sub-divided to better serve the needs of a growing population, while the civil parishes continued to be based on the ancient parishes. The civil parish of Tottenham was made a [[Local board of health|local board district]] in 1850, with an elected board overseeing public health and responsible for the provision of infrastructure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawes |first1=Edward |title=The Act for Promoting the Public Health, with notes |date=1851 |pages=258 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRJXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA258 |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref>

Similar [[Local board of health#Local Government Act 1858|local government districts]] were created for [[South Hornsey]] in 1865,<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=22985|page=3306|date=30 June 1865}}</ref> and for the rest of Hornsey parish in 1867.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=23290|page=4475|date=13 August 1867}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6 |date=1980 |publisher=Victoria County History |location=London |pages=101–103 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol6/pp101-103 |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> The boundary between the Hornsey and South Hornsey districts was adjusted in 1874 to follow the [[Seven Sisters Road]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27567|page=3922|date=28 June 1903}}</ref> The Tottenham district was divided in 1888, when its western part was made a separate district called Wood Green.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tottenham Local Board (Division of District) Act 1888 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/51-52/187/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Middlesex |date=1899 |page=400 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/50342/rec/1 |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref>

The four districts of [[Municipal Borough of Hornsey|Hornsey]], South Hornsey, [[Municipal Borough of Tottenham|Tottenham]] and [[Municipal Borough of Wood Green|Wood Green]] were each reconstituted as [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban districts]] under the [[Local Government Act 1894]]. South Hornsey Urban District was abolished in 1900 when it was absorbed into the [[Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington]]. Hornsey Urban District was incorporated to become a [[municipal borough]] in 1903,<ref>{{cite web |title=Hornsey Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10186377 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> as were Wood Green in 1933,<ref>{{cite web |title=Wood Green Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10173140 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> and Tottenham in 1934.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tottenham Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10001444#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref>

The modern borough was created in 1965 under the [[London Government Act 1963]], covering the combined area of the three municipal boroughs of [[Municipal Borough of Hornsey|Hornsey]], [[Municipal Borough of Tottenham|Tottenham]] and [[Municipal Borough of Wood Green|Wood Green]]. The area was transferred from [[Middlesex]] to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs.<ref>{{cite book | first=Frederic |last=Youngs | title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England | volume=I: Southern England | year=1979 | publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]] | location=London | isbn=0-901050-67-9}}</ref> The new borough was given the name Haringey, which was an old name for Hornsey.