Editing Locked-in syndrome (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
Locked-in syndrome is usually characterized by loss of limb function and the inability to [[Manner of articulation|speak]] in otherwise cognitively intact individuals. Those with locked-in syndrome may be able to communicate with others through coded messages by blinking or moving their eyes, which are often not affected by the paralysis. Patients who have locked-in syndrome are conscious and aware, with no loss of cognitive function. They can sometimes retain [[proprioception]] and sensation throughout their bodies. Some patients may have the ability to move certain facial muscles, and most often some or all of the [[extraocular muscles]]. Individuals with the  syndrome lack coordination between breathing and voice.<ref name= "fager" />  This prevents them from producing voluntary sounds, though the [[vocal cords]] themselves may not be paralysed.<ref name ="fager">{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/07434610600650318| last1=Fager| first1=Susan| last2=Beukelman| first2=Dave| last3=Karantounis| first3=Renee| last4=Jakobs| first4=Tom| year= 2006| title = Use of safe-laser access technology to increase head movements in persons with severe motor impairments: a series of case reports| journal= Augmentative and Alternative Communication|volume= 22| issue= 3| pages= 222–29 | pmid= 17114165| s2cid=36840057}}</ref>

Individuals with locked-in syndrome also have intact hearing and subsequent language comprehension. However, these patients might have trouble with voluntary breathing and require assistnce due to apnea, ataxia, and hyperpnea. This can be coupled with dizziness and vertigo. Locked-in syndrome patients also have been reported to have involuntary movements such as sucking, chewing, swallowing, yawning, and moaning due to lost pyramidal control of motor systems.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bauer |first=G. |last2=Gerstenbrand |first2=F. |last3=Hengl |first3=W. |date=1980-06-01 |title=Involuntary motor phenomena in the locked-in syndrome |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00313183 |journal=Journal of Neurology |language=en |volume=223 |issue=3 |pages=191–198 |doi=10.1007/BF00313183 |issn=1432-1459}}</ref>