Editing Llangollen (section)

==History==
[[File:Llangollen, Castle Dinas Bran, 1793.jpg|thumb|left|Llangollen Bridge, 1793]]
[[File:The town and vale of Llangollen.jpeg|thumb|left|Llangollen in 1850]]
[[File:Eglwys Sant Collen, Llangollen, Cymru St. Collen's Parish Church, Llangollen, Denbighshire, Wales 61.JPG|left|thumb|St. Collen's parish church]]
[[File:Llangollen Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 1001255.jpg|thumb|Llangollen Bridge]]
[[File:Eglwyseg_1.jpg|thumb|Eglwyseg Mountain]]
Llangollen<ref>{{Cite web|title=The official website for Llangollen - where Wales welcomes the World|url=https://www.llangollen.org.uk/|access-date=2021-09-03|website=www.llangollen.org.uk}}</ref> takes its name from the Welsh ''llan'' meaning "a religious settlement" and [[Saint Collen]], a 7th-century [[monk]] who founded a church beside the river.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.llangollen.org/en/Land_of_Myth_and_Legend/St_Collens_Church |title=Llangollen |publisher=Llangollen |access-date=28 May 2013}}</ref> St Collen is said to have arrived in Llangollen by [[coracle]]. [[St Collen’s Church, Llangollen|St Collen’s Church]] is the only church in Wales dedicated to St Collen, and he may have had connections with [[Colan, Cornwall|Colan]] in [[Cornwall]] and with [[Langolen]] in [[Brittany]].

Above the town to the north is [[Castell Dinas Brân]], a stronghold of the Princes of [[Kingdom of Powys|Powys]]. Beyond the castle is the impressive Lower [[Carboniferous limestone]] [[escarpment]] known as the [[Eglwyseg]] Rocks. The outcrop continues north to [[World's End, Wrexham|World's End]] in [[Wrexham]]. The single track road north of the castle forms the [[Eglwyseg|Panorama Walk]], and a monument to poet [[Isaac Daniel Hooson|I. D. Hooson]] from the village of [[Rhosllannerchrugog]] is located near its easternmost end ({{OS coord|SJ2459 4287}}).

[[Valle Crucis Abbey]] ({{OS coord|SJ20441 44168}}) was established at [[Llantysilio]] in about 1201, under the patronage of [[Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor]] of Castell Dinas Brân.

The [[Llangollen Bridge|bridge at Llangollen]] was built across the [[River Dee, Wales|Dee]] in the 16th century to replace a previous bridge built in about 1345 by [[John Trevor I|John Trevor]], of [[Trevor Hall, Denbighshire|Trevor Hall]] (later [[Bishop of St Asaph]]), which replaced an even earlier bridge built in the reign of [[Henry I of England|King Henry I]]. In the 1860s the present bridge was extended by adding an extra arch (to cross the new railway) and a two-storey stone tower with a castellated parapet. This became a café before being demolished in the 1930s to improve traffic flow. The bridge was also widened in 1873 and again in 1968, using masonry which blended in with the older structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://historypoints.org/index.php?mact=News,m73248,default,1&m73248number=3&m73248detailpage=&m73248pagenumber=73&m73248returnid=3154&page=3154| title= Llangollen Bridge|access-date = 24 July 2015}}</ref> It is a [[Grade I listed]] structure and a [[Scheduled Ancient Monument]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-1080-llangollen-bridge-a539-llangollen| title= Llangollen Bridge,a539, Llangollen| publisher= British Listed Buildings|access-date = 24 July 2015}}</ref>

[[Plas Newydd (Llangollen)|Plas Newydd]] ({{gloss|new mansion}} or {{gloss|new place}}) high on the outskirts of the town, was from 1780 the home of the [[Ladies of Llangollen]] (the Honourable Sarah Ponsonby and Lady Eleanor Butler) and their maid [[Mary Carryl]]. They share the same grave memorial in the church.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-48928|title=Carryl, Mary (d. 1809), servant and friend of the Ladies of Llangollen|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/48928|access-date=2020-03-24}}</ref>

Elevated on the opposite side of the Dee is Castell Dinas Brân, the ruins of a medieval castle built by the Princes of [[Powys Fadog]].

The [[Pillar of Eliseg]] ({{OS coord|SJ20267 44528}}) is another ancient monument located 400m NNW of Valle Crucis Abbey. [[Llangollen Community Hospital]] was completed in 1876.<ref name=na>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords/details.asp?id=890|title=Llangollen Cottage Hospital, Llangollen|publisher=National Archives|access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref>
{{Further|topic=the Llangollen 1837|Geufron Hall, Llangollen|label1=Geufron Hall}}