Editing Livingston, Montana (section)

==History==
The founding of the small historical railroad and ranching town of Livingston is a direct result of the [[Northern Pacific Railway]] (NPR). This site became a centralized point in the [[Rocky Mountains]] and the NPR's location for railroad shops to service their steam trains before ascending the [[Bozeman Pass]], the line's highest point, located immediately west. Livingston also became the first gateway town to America's first national park, Yellowstone, which the NPR promoted heavily to visitors from [[East Coast of the United States|the East]]. The NPR also operated a branch line running 50 miles south through [[Paradise Valley (Montana)|Paradise Valley]], first to Cinnabar station and later to Yellowstone's north entrance in [[Gardiner, Montana|Gardiner]].

[[File:Livingston, MT - 1924.jpg|thumb|Livingston, Montana's Main Street was shown on a postcard mailed in 1924.]]

===Clark City===

Downstream the Yellowstone River, about 3 miles from present-day Livingston, an old fisherman named Amos Benson built a log cabin in 1872. This is where a ferry, a trading post and a small community called Benson's Landing were located.<ref name="mhs">{{cite web |title=Livingston |url=http://mtplacenames.org/ |website=Montana Place Names Companion |publisher=Montana Historical Society |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref> Across the river from Benson's Landing in June 1882 was the camp of about 40 tents of the Northern Pacific survey crew. This is where they thought the supply store site they were looking for should be. On July 14, 1882, a man who worked for the Northern Pacific named Joseph J. McBride arrived with orders to find another site to build the store. On July 16, George H. Carver, who became a major local businessman and political leader, arrived at the site of present-day Livingston. Carver and McBride became the first local residents when they pitched their tents on the 16th. Also on the 16th arrived 30 freight wagons drawn by 140 oxen, carrying 140,000 lbs. of merchandise. The supply store was to be of Bruns and Kruntz, contractors. Eventually, the tents gave way to log cabins. All of Benson's Landing encampment moved up the river to Carver and McBride's camp within 10 days of the train's arrival.

This new settlement was called "Clark City" after Heman Clark, the principal contractor for the Northern Pacific from the Missouri westward. By fall, the town was well established and a November 1882 poll counted 348 votes for delegates to congress. Clark City was on the southeast side at the East end of Lewis St. just southwest of the KPRK, and is now part of Livingston. B.F. Downen built the first permanent residence (out of wood) and Frank White owned the first saloon. Clark City eventually had 6 general stores, 2 hotels, 2 restaurants, 2 watchmakers, 2 wholesale liquor dealers, 2 meat markets, 3 blacksmiths, 1 hardware store, 30 saloons and a population of 500.

As Clark City was growing, nobody realized that the Northern Pacific had marked on its maps a town called Livingston at the same place. The railroad officially reached Clark City on November 22, 1882. In October 1882 a post office was chartered for Clark City. In November, Livingston received its charter. That was when it was decided that Livingston be located a short distance away. Then Clark City residents bought lots in Livingston and moved. The birth of Livingston was the death of Clark City. The walking distance between them was considerable and Clark City became stream-and-bog urban wildland. Very few buildings still remain.

===Incorporation===
[[File:Teslow Elevator Livingston MT.jpg|thumb|Teslow Grain Elevator, along the railroad tracks]]
On December 21, 1882, Livingston was incorporated and named in honor of Johnston Livingston, pioneer Northern Pacific Railway stockholder, director and friend of Northern Pacific Railroad President Henry Villard. Johnston Livingston was director from 1875 to 1881 and 1884–1887. Crawford Livingston Jr., Johnston's nephew, is more commonly considered the town's namesake. Crawford bought the real estate after the survey and on July 17, 1883, established the First National Bank in the city. Often he spoke of Livingston as "his town," and he apparently enjoyed the publicity of supposedly having a city named for him. But the name Livingston has always stood out in the Northern Pacific official family.<ref>{{cite book |title=Montana Place Names |last=Aarstad |first=Rich |author2=Arguimbau, Ellie |author3=Baumler, Ellen |author4=Porsild, Charlene |author5= Shovers, Brian  |publisher=Montana Historical Society Press|location=Helena, Montana |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9759196-1-3 |page=157}}</ref>

Livingston is along the Yellowstone River, where it bends from north to east toward [[Billings, Montana|Billings]] and in proximity to [[Interstate 90 in Montana|Interstate 90]]. In July 1806 Captain [[William Clark (explorer)|William Clark]] of the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] camped on the city's present outskirts on the return trip east preparing to descend the Yellowstone River. Clark's party rejoined the Lewis party at the confluence with the [[Missouri River]], near [[Williston, North Dakota]].

===Attractions===
Although small, Livingston has a number of popular tourist attractions. The [[Livingston Depot]], built in 1902 after two predecessors, is a restored rail station that houses a railroad museum open from May to September. The [[Yellowstone Gateway Museum]] documents regional history from one of the oldest North American archaeological sites to Wild Western and Yellowstone history. The International Fly Fishing Federation's museum is an extensive introduction to a popular game sport and hosts annual enthusiast meetings. The city was inhabited for two decades by [[Calamity Jane]] and visited by a number of traveling members of European royalty.

In 1938, [[Dan Bailey (conservationist)|Dan Bailey]], an eastern [[fly fishing|fly-fisherman]], established Dan Bailey's Fly Shop and mail order [[fly tying]] business on Park Street.<ref name="LegendsBailey">{{cite book |last=Berryman |first=Jack W. |title=Fly-Fishing Pioneers and Legends of the Northwest |publisher=Northwest Fly Fishing LLC |location=Seattle, WA |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-9779454-0-5 |pages=101–107}}</ref> Also in Livingston is the Fly Fishing Discovery Center, a museum operated by the [[Federation of Fly Fishers]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://livingstonmuseums.org/fish/FishDiscoverUs.html|title=Fly Fishing Discovery Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231204058/http://livingstonmuseums.org/fish/FishDiscoverUs.html |archive-date=2008-12-31 }}</ref> Actors [[Peter Fonda]] and [[Margot Kidder]], [[Saturday Night Live]] alumnus [[Rich Hall]], musician [[Ron Strykert]], novelist [[Walter Kirn]], and poet [[Jim Harrison]] have lived in the city. [[Jimmy Buffett]] mentions Livingston in multiple songs.

Its economy is flat, and like the rest of the state, the unemployment rate is below the national average. Recently the city has invested in attractions and accommodation for tourists visiting during the Lewis and Clark bicentennial years.

Livingston and its immediately adjacent area has 17 sites listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], enumerated within [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Park County, Montana|Park County's NRHP listings]].

It has a [[Town twinning|sister-city]] relationship with [[Naganohara, Gunma|Naganohara]], [[Japan]].
<gallery caption="Images of Livingston, Montana" widths="180px" heights="120px" class="center">
File:LivingstonMontana1883-Plat.jpg|Plat of Livingston, 1883
File:LivingstonMontana1884.JPG|Gateway to Yellowstone, [[Frank Jay Haynes]], 1884
File:LivingstonMontanaNPPRDepot-Haynes1894.jpg|Second Livingston NPRR Depot, 1894
File:Livingston MT 02.jpg|Residential neighborhood
File:Firehall Fitness Center Livingston Montana.jpg|Fire station reincarnated as fitness center
</gallery>