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==Pre-modern fortifications== [[File:Chester's City Walls - Bridgegate to Eastgate ^2 - geograph.org.uk - 372176.jpg|thumb|Part of the southern section of the [[Chester city walls]] showing the base of a former drum tower and the [[River Dee, Wales|River Dee]]]] [[File:Muralla romana de Lugo.JPG|thumb|The [[Roman walls of Lugo]] are a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage Site]]]] [[File:STON00167.JPG|thumb|The [[Walls of Ston]] are a series of [[defensive wall|defensive stone walls]], originally more than {{convert|7|km}} long, that surrounded and protected the city of [[Ston]], in [[Dalmatia]], part of the [[Republic of Ragusa]], in what is now southern [[Croatia]].<ref name=citywallsdubrovnik>{{cite web | url=http://www.citywallsdubrovnik.hr/hr-stonske.htm | work=Citywallsdubrovnik.hr | publisher=Društvo prijatelja dubrovačke starine | title=Stonske zidine | language=Croatian | accessdate=2009-12-06 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531171317/http://www.citywallsdubrovnik.hr/hr-stonske.htm | archivedate=2010-05-31 }}</ref>]] ===Africa=== * {{flagicon|Algeria}}{{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Fossatum Africae]] * {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Sungbo's Eredo]], built during 800–1000 AD in [[Ijebu Ode]] in [[Ogun State]], southwest [[Nigeria]] ===Americas=== * {{flagicon|Mexico}} Great Wall of [[Tlaxcala]], mentioned in the history of [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]] * {{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} [[Walls of Old San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]] ===Asia=== * {{flagicon|China}} [[Great Wall of China]], China – part of UNESCO site 438.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/438|title=The Great Wall|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=|accessdate=6 December 2014}}</ref> This is mostly used to refer to the [[Ming Great Wall]], built from 1368 to 1644, measures 8,850 km long. * {{flagicon|China}} [[Great Wall of Qi]], the oldest of the Chinese Great Walls. * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Yan (state)]] * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Zhongshan (state)]] * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Zhao (state)]] * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Qin dynasty]] * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Han dynasty]] (206 BC–220 AD), the longest Great Wall in history. * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Northern Wei]] dynasty * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of [[Northern Qi]] dynasty * {{flagicon|China}} Great Wall of the Jurchen [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin Dynasty]] (1115–1234), built to defend against northern nomadic tribes, once spanning over 2,500 kilometers long.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.travelchinaguide.com/china_great_wall/history/jin/|author=|title=Great Wall of Jin Dynasty (1115–1234): History, Structure, Relics|publisher=|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref> * {{flagicon|China}}{{flagicon|Mongolia}} Great Wall of [[Western Xia]] * {{flagicon|China}}{{flagicon|Mongolia}} Great Wall of the Khitan [[Liao dynasty]] * {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Ranikot Fort]], Also called 'The Great Wall of Pakistan', second largest wall of South Asia after Kumbhalgarh fort in India * {{flagicon|North Korea}}{{flagicon|China}} [[Cheolli Jangseong]], [[North Korea]] and China * {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Great Wall of Gorgan]] in [[Iran]], (World's second longest wall)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaichian |first=Mohammad A. |url=https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229 |title=Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination |date=2015-03-03 |publisher=Haymarket Books |isbn=978-1-60846-422-7 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Secrets of the Red Snake - The great wall of Iran revealed |url=http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic/esauer/pubs/iranian_walls.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306075754/http://www.shca.ed.ac.uk/staff/supporting_files/esauer/iranian_walls.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-06 |access-date=2024-06-22 |magazine=Current World Archeology |issue=27}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi]] in [[Quảng Ngãi]], [[Vietnam]]. * {{flagicon|India}} [[Kumbhalgarh]], in [[Rajasthan]], India * {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Smbat Walls]] * [[Sasanian defense lines]] ===Europe=== * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Walls of Constantinople]] in Turkey * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Anastasian Wall]] in Turkey * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Antonine Wall]] in [[Scotland]], United Kingdom – part of UNESCO site 430<ref name="UNESCO World Heritage Centre">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430|title=Frontiers of the Roman Empire|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|publisher=|accessdate=6 December 2014}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Aurelian Walls]] of Rome * {{flagicon|Croatia}} [[Walls of Ston]] in [[Croatia]] * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Danevirke]], Germany * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Germanic Limes|Roman ''limes'' in Upper Germania, Lower Germania and Rhaetia]], Germany – part of UNESCO site 430<ref name="UNESCO World Heritage Centre"/> * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Hadrian's Wall]] in England – part of UNESCO site 430<ref name="UNESCO World Heritage Centre"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaichian |first=Mohammad A. |url=https://www.amazon.com/Empires-Walls-Globalization-Migration-Domination/dp/1608464229 |title=Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination |date=2015-03-03 |publisher=Haymarket Books |isbn=978-1-60846-422-7 |language=English}}</ref> * {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Long Wall (Thracian Chersonese)]] * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Offa's Dyke]] between [[Mercia]] (England) and [[Powys]] (Wales) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Serpent's Wall]], the ancient walls in [[Ukraine]] * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Wall of Severus]], between Roman Britain and [not recorded] * {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Silesia Walls]], [[Poland]] * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Trajan's Wall]], in [[Dobruja]], [[Romania]] * {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Athanaric's Wall]], Romania * {{flagicon|UK}} [[Wat's Dyke]] parallel, for part of the distance, to [[Offa's Dyke]], England:Wales.
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