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== Before 1200 CE == {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;" !Year !Name !Summary |- | style="text-align:center;" |{{circa|3100}} BCE |([[Lagash]] and [[Umma]] of [[Mesopotamia]]) |Border agreement between the [[Eannatum]] of [[Lagash]] and [[Umma]] in [[Mesopotamia]], inscribed on a stone block, setting a prescribed boundary between their two states.<ref name="Nussbaum">{{cite book|title=A concise history of the law of nations|url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000nuss|url-access=registration|author=Nussbaum, Arthur|year=1954|pages=[https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof0000nuss/page/1 1–2]}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |{{circa|1259}} BCE |[[Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty]] |Treaty between the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] [[pharaoh]] [[Ramses II]] and the [[Hittites|Hittite]] monarch [[Hattusili III]] after the [[Battle of Kadesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/ramses-hattusili-treaty.htm |title = Peace Treaty between Ramses II and Hattusili III|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190104193006/http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/ramses-hattusili-treaty.htm|archive-date = 4 January 2019 |website = www.reshafim.org.il}}</ref><ref name="Arab World Books">{{cite web|url = http://www.arabworldbooks.com/ramses.htm |title = Ramses The Great The Pharaoh Who Made Peace With His Enemies|work = Arab World Books|first = Sameh M.|last = Arab|date = 5 November 2017}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |{{circa|493}} BCE |[[Foedus Cassianum]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Treaty of Cassius''.</ref> |Ends the war between the [[Roman Republic]] and the [[Latin League]], creates an alliance between the two.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Early Rome and Latium: Economy and Society C. 1000 to 500 BC|last=Christopher|first=John Smith|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1996|pages=212}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |{{circa|449}} BCE |[[Peace of Callias]] |Purported treaty that ended the [[Greco-Persian Wars]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |445 BCE |[[Thirty Years Peace]] |Ends the [[First Peloponnesian War]] between [[Athens]] and [[Sparta]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=History of the Peloponnesian War|last=Thucydides|pages=Book 5, 13–24}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |421 BCE |[[Peace of Nicias]]<ref group="note">Also known as the Fifty-Years Peace</ref> |Athens and Sparta end the first phase of the [[Peloponnesian War]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |387 BCE |[[Peace of Antalcidas]] |Sets the boundaries of [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Persia]]n territory. Ended the [[Corinthian War]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hellenica|last=Xenophon|pages=Book 5, Chapter 1, Page 31}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |241 BCE |[[Treaty of Lutatius]] |Ends the [[First Punic War]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=First Punic War: A Military History|last=Lazenby|first=J. F.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1996}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |226 BCE |[[Ebro Treaty]] |Establishes the [[Ebro River]] in [[Iberian peninsula|Iberia]] as the boundary line between the Roman Republic and [[Carthage]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |215 BCE |[[Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty]] |Establishes an anti-Roman alliance between [[Philip V of Macedon]] and [[Hannibal]] of [[Carthage (state)|Carthage]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |205 BCE |[[Treaty of Phoenice]] |Ends the [[First Macedonian War]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Hannibal's War: A Military History of the Second Punic War|last=Lazenby|first=J. F.|year=1998|pages=178}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |196 BCE |[[Treaty of Tempe]] |Ends the [[Second Macedonian War]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |188 BCE |[[Treaty of Apamea]] |Between the [[Roman Republic]] and [[Antiochus III]] (the Great), ruler of the [[Seleucid Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=World History|last=Polybius|pages=Book 21, Page 42}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |161 BCE |[[Roman–Jewish Treaty]] |Establishes friendship between [[Judas Maccabeus]] and the Roman Republic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1+Maccabees+8:17%E2%80%938:20&version=nrsvae|title=1 Maccabees 8:17–8:20|website=oremus Bible Browser}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |85 BCE |[[Treaty of Dardanos]] |Ends the [[First Mithridatic War]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Causes of War: Volume 1: 3000 BCE to 1000 CE|last=Gillespie|first=Alexander|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|pages=143}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |387 |[[Peace of Acilisene]] |Between the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire]] and the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanian Persian Empire]]. Divided [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] between the two.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Making of the Georgian Nation|last=Suny|first=Ronald Grigor|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=1994}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |532 |The [[Eternal Peace (532)|Eternal Peace]] |Between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and the Sassanian Persian Empire. |- | style="text-align:center;" |562 |The [[Fifty-Year Peace Treaty|Fifty-Year Peace]] |Between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and the Sassanian Persian Empire. Ended a 20-year war over the [[Kingdom of Lazica]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/emperorjustinian00evan|url-access=limited|last=Evans|first=James Allan Stewart|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/emperorjustinian00evan/page/n126 90]|isbn=9780313325823}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |587 |[[Treaty of Andelot]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Pact of Andelot''.</ref> |Between [[King of the Franks|Frankish rulers]] [[Guntram]] and [[Brunhilda of Austrasia|Brunhilda]]; Guntram adopts Brunhilda's son [[Childebert II]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |628 |[[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] |Between [[Muslims]] and the [[Quraysh (tribe)|Quraish]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muhammad: A Prophet of Our Time|last=Armstrong|first=Karen|publisher=HarperCollins Publishing|year=2007|location=New York|pages=175, 181}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |641 |The [[Bakt]] |Between [[Nubia]] and [[Egypt]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |713 |[[Treaty of Orihuela]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Treaty of Tudmir''.</ref> |Establishes a [[dhimmi]] over the Christian inhabitants of [[Orihuela]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World|last=Rosenwein|first=Barbara, H.|publisher=Broadview|year=2006|location=Peterborough, Ontario|pages=92}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |716 |[[Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 716]] |Officially ends the [[Battle of Anchialus (708)|Battle of Anchialus]] and establishes the borders between Byzantium and the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |783 |[[Peace treaty between China and Tibet (783)]] |Peace treaty between [[Tang china|Tang China]] and the [[Tibetan Empire]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |803 |[[Pax Nicephori]] |Peace between [[Charlemagne]] and the [[Byzantine Empire]]; recognizes [[Venice]] as [[Byzantine]] territory.<ref>{{Cite book|title=When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans|last=Fine|first=John, V. A.|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2006}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |811 |[[Treaty of Heiligen]] |Sets the southern boundary of Denmark at the [[Eider River]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Landscapes of Power, Landscapes of Conflict: State Formation in the South Scandinavian Iron Age|last=Thursten|first=Tina, L.|publisher=Kluwer Academic|year=2001|pages=67}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |815 |[[Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 815]] |Ends prolonged series of conflicts between the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]] and the Byzantine Empire in Bulgarian favour. |- | style="text-align:center;" |822 |[[Peace treaty between China and Tibet (822)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tibet.fr/old/histoire.htm |title=History |website=www.tibet.fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171706/http://www.tibet.fr/old/histoire.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016|language = fr}}</ref> |Ends a conflict between Tang China and the Tibetan Empire. |- | style="text-align:center;" |836 |[[Pactum Sicardi]] |Peace between the [[Duchy of Naples]] and the [[Principality of Salerno]] under [[Sicard of Benevento|Sicard]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Medieval Amalfi and Its Diaspora, 800–1250|last=Skinner|first=Patricia|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|pages=114}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |843 |[[Treaty of Verdun]] |Partitions the [[Carolingian Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/the-treaty-of-verdun-1789809|title=The Treaty of Verdun|last=Snell|first=Melissa|date=October 21, 2018|website=ThoughtCo}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |870 |[[Treaty of Mersen]] |Further partitions the Carolingian Empire.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Mersen, Treaty of |volume= 18 | page = 174 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |878–890 |[[Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum]] |Between [[Alfred of Wessex]] and [[Guthrum]], the [[Viking]] ruler of [[East Anglia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=English Historical Documents 500-1042|last=Whitelock|first=Dorothy|publisher = Taylor & Francis|date = 1995|isbn = 9780413206305}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |907 |[[Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (907)]] |Regulates the status of the colony of Rus' merchants in [[Constantinople]]. |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |911 |[[Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (911)]] |Between the [[Byzantine Empire]] and [[Kievan Rus']]. |- |[[Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte]] |[[Charles the Simple]] grants [[Normandy]] to [[Rollo of Normandy|Rollo]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840 – 1066: Model and Evidences|last=Bradbury|pages=Chapters 1–3}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |921 |[[Treaty of Bonn]] |[[West Francia]] and [[East Francia]] both recognize each other.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Living in the Tenth Century: Mentalities and Social Orders|last=Geary|first=Patrick, J.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1993|location=Chicago, United States|pages=26}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |945 |[[Rus'–Byzantine Treaty (945)]] |Between the [[Byzantine Empire]] and [[Kievan Rus']]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1004 |[[Chanyuan Treaty]] |Establishes relations between the [[Northern Song]] and [[Liao Dynasty|Liao]] dynasties.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wright|first=David, C.|title=The Sung-Kitan War of A.d. 1004-1005 and the Treaty of Shan-Yüan|date=Winter 2018|journal=Journal of Asian History|volume=32|issue=1|pages=20–21|jstor=41933065}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1018 |[[Peace of Bautzen]] |Between Holy Roman Emperor [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]] and Duke [[Bolesław I the Brave]] of Poland.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das Mittelalter. UTB M (in German)|last=Knefelkamp|first=Ulrich|year=2002}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1033 |[[Treaty of Merseburg|Peace of Merseburg]] |Between Holy Roman Emperor [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]] and Duke [[Mieszko II of Poland]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1059 |[[Treaty of Melfi]] |[[Pope Nicholas II]] recognizes [[Normans|Norman]] influence in southern Italy. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1080 |[[Treaty of Ceprano (1080)|Treaty of Ceprano]] |[[Pope Gregory VII]] establishes an alliance with [[Robert Guiscard]] and recognizes his conquests. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1082 |[[Byzantine–Venetian Treaty of 1082]] |Byzantium grants trade concessions to Venice in return for military aid against the Normans.<ref>{{Cite book|title=A History of Byzantium|last=Gregory|first=Timothy, E.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2010|location=Malden Massachusetts}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1091 |[[Treaty of Caen]] |Ends rivalry between [[William II of England]] and Duke [[Robert Curthose]] of [[Normandy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://history.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1091|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206050424/http://history.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1091|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-02-06|title=1091: The People's Chronology|website=enotes.com}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1101 |[[Treaty of Alton]] |[[Robert Curthose]] recognizes [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] as King of England. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1108 |[[Treaty of Devol]] |The [[Principality of Antioch]] becomes a nominal [[vassal]] of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Alexiad|last=Komnene|first=Anna|pages=Books X–XIII}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1122 |[[Pactum Calixtinum]] |Between [[Pope Callixtus II]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1123 |[[Pactum Warmundi]] |The crusader [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] allies with [[Venice]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1139 |[[Treaty of Mignano]] |[[Roger II of Sicily]] recognised as king by the legitimate [[Pope Innocent II]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1141 |[[Treaty of Shaoxing]] |Ends conflicts between the [[Jin Dynasty, 1115–1234|Jin dynasty]] and [[Southern Song dynasty]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1143 |[[Treaty of Zamora]] |Recognises Portuguese independence from the [[Kingdom of León]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Reconquest Kings of Portugal: Political and Cultural Reorientation on the Medieval Frontier|last=Lay|first=S.|publisher=Springer|year=2008}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1151 |[[Treaty of Tudilén]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Treaty of Tudején''.</ref> |Recognises the conquests of the [[Crown of Aragon]] south of the [[Júcar]] and recognises future conquests in [[Murcia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile|last=Barton|first=Simon|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |1153 |[[Treaty of Wallingford]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Treaty of Winchester'' or the ''Treaty of Westminster''.</ref> |Officially ends [[The Anarchy]] between [[Empress Matilda]] and her cousin [[Stephen of England]]. |- |[[Treaty of Constance (1153)|Treaty of Constance]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''First Treaty of Constance''.</ref> |[[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Pope Eugene III]] agree to defend Italy against [[Manuel I Comnenus]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1156 |[[Treaty of Benevento]] |Peace between the [[Papacy]] and the [[Kingdom of Sicily]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Palermo, City of Kings: The Heart of Sicily|last=Dummett|first=Jeremy|date=2015|publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn = 9780857737168}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1158 |[[Treaty of Sahagún (1158)]] |Between [[Sancho III of Castile]] and [[Ferdinand II of León]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barton|first=Simon|date=1992|title=Two Catalan magnates in the courts of the kings of León-Castile: The careers of Ponce de Cabrera and Ponce de Minerva re-examined|journal=Journal of Medieval History|volume=18|issue=3|pages=233–266|doi=10.1016/0304-4181(92)90022-Q}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1170 |[[Treaty of Sahagún (1170)]] |Between [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] and [[Alfonso II of Aragon]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Making Agreements in Medieval Catalonia: Power, Order, and the Written Word, 1000–1200|url=https://archive.org/details/makingagreements00kost|url-access=limited|last=Kosto|first=Adam, J.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2001|pages=[https://archive.org/details/makingagreements00kost/page/n152 131]|isbn=9780521792394}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1175 |[[Treaty of Windsor (1175)]] |Between King [[Henry II of England]] and the last [[High King of Ireland]], [[Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair|Rory O'Connor]] during Norman expansion in Ireland.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Windsor |volume= 28 | pages = 7146–715; see page 715, last para| quote=The political history of Windsor.... In 1175 it was the scene of the ratification of the treaty of Windsor}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1177 |[[Treaty of Venice]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Peace of Venice''.</ref> |Peace between the [[Papacy]], the [[Lombard League]], the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], and the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], [[Frederick Barbarossa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/venice.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825040541/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/venice.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-08-25|title=The Peace of Venice; 1177|website=The Avalon Project}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1179 |[[Treaty of Cazorla]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Treaty of Cazola''.</ref> |Defines the zones of conquest in [[Andalusia]] between [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]] and [[Crown of Castile|Castile]]. |- | style="text-align:center;" |1183 |[[Peace of Constance]]<ref group="note">Also known as the ''Second Treaty of Constance''.</ref> |Peace between the [[Lombard League]] and the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], [[Frederick Barbarossa]]. Reaffirms the [[Peace of Venice]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval Italy (2004): An Encyclopedia, Volume 1|last=Kleinhenz|first=Christopher|publisher=Routledge|year=2017|pages=249}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center;" |1192 |[[Treaty of Jaffa (1192)|Treaty of Jaffa]] |Ends the [[Third Crusade]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://attwiw.com/2015/09/02/today-in-middle-east-history-the-treaty-of-jaffa-ends-the-third-crusade-1192/|title=Today in Middle Eastern history: the Treaty of Jaffa ends the Third Crusade (1192)|last=DWD|website=And That's The Way It Is|date=2 September 2015}}</ref> |}
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