Editing List of regents (section)

== Regents in extant monarchies ==
Those who held a regency briefly, for example during surgery, are not necessarily listed, particularly if they performed no official acts; this list is also not complete, presumably not even for all monarchies included. The list includes some figures who acted as regent, even if they did not themselves hold the title of regent.

=== Asia ===
==== Cambodia ====
* [[Sisowath Monireth|Prince Sisowath Monireth]], [[Ruler of Cambodia|Chairman of the Regency Council of Cambodia]] in 1960
* [[Chea Sim]], Acting Head of State of Cambodia from 1993 to 1994, and again from 1994 to 1995, and twice in 2004
* [[Nhek Bun Chhay]], Acting Head of State of Cambodia in 2004

==== Japan ====
{{Main|Sesshō and Kampaku}}
* [[Empress dowager|Regent Empress Dowager]] [[Jingū of Japan|Jingū]] for her son, the future [[Emperor Ōjin]]
* [[Sesshō and Kampaku|Prince Regent]] [[Prince Shōtoku|Shōtoku]] for his aunt, [[Empress Suiko]]
* [[Fujiwara Regents]] as Sesshō or Kampaku
* [[Sesshō and Kampaku|Prince Regent]] [[Hirohito]] for his father, [[Emperor Taishō]], from 1921 to 1926.
* [[Saionji Neishi]], the only female ''{{ill|Chitennokimi|jp|治天の君}}'' (治天の君)
<!--* [[Hōjō clan|Hōjō Regents]] as [[Shikken]], regents of the [[Kamakura shogunate]]
Hojo shikken is deputy to Kamakura shogun, not regent to emperor -->

==== Jordan ====
* [[Prince Naif bin Al-Abdullah]] from 20 July to 5 September 1951, due to the schizophrenia of his brother [[Talal of Jordan|King Talal]], who was in a Swiss mental hospital.
* A regency council ([[Ibrahim Hashem]], Suleiman Toukan, Abdul Rahman Rusheidat and chairing Queen Mother [[Zein al-Sharaf Talal]]) took over during the king's ailment and continued after the king's forced abdication (on 11 August 1952), serving from 4 June 1952 to 2 May 1953, until [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] came of age.
* [[Prince Hassan bin Al-Talal|Crown Prince Hassan]], from 4 July 1998 to 19 January 1999 while his brother [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] was undergoing cancer treatments.

==== Malaysia and its constitutive monarchies ====
===== Terengganu =====
* [[Tengku Muhammad Ismail]] (eight-years of age at the time), co-reigned with the three-member Regency Advisory Council (''Majlis Penasihat Pemangku Raja'') from 2006 to 2011. His father, [[Mizan Zainal Abidin|Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin]] the Sultan of [[Terengganu]] was elected as 13th [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|King of Malaysia]]. The Malaysian constitution does not allow a simultaneous reign as both the King of Malaysia and as monarch of the King's native state (deemed absent on the State throne). Sultan Mizan was crowned as King on 13 December 2006 and the prince as the Regent (''Pemangku Raja'') of Terengganu effective on the same date.

==== Oman ====
* for the minor [[Sa`id (II) ibn Sultan]] (b. 1790 – succeeded 20 November 1804 –  d. 19 Oct 1856) : 20 November 1804 – 31 July 1806 [[Badr ibn Sayf]] (d. 1806)
* for [[Sultan]] [[Turki ibn Sa`id]] (b. 1832 – succeeded 30 January 1871 – died 4 Jun 1888) : August – December 1875 [[Abdul-Aziz ibn Said]] –  (b. 1850 – d. 1907)

==== Qatar ====
* H.E. Shaikh [[Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani]] was proclaimed as regent when his father Sheikh [[Qasim bin Muhammad Al Thani]] became incapacitated, 13 May 1913; succeeded on his death, 17 July 1913

==== Saudi Arabia ====
* 30 March 1964 – 2 November 1964 [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|Crown Prince Faisal]] (b. 1906 – d. 1975)  –Regent for his brother [[Saud of Saudi Arabia|King Saud]], and later his successor
* 1 January 1996 – 21 February 1996 formally, but de facto until 1 August 2005 [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Crown Prince Abdullah]] (b. 1924 – d. 2015) –Regent for his brother [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]], and later his successor

==== Thailand ====
{{Main|Regent of Thailand}}
* [[Prayurawongse]] for King [[Mongkut]] (1851–1855)
* [[Sri Suriwongse]] for King [[Chulalongkorn]] (1868–1873)
* Queen [[Saovabha Phongsri]] for King [[Chulalongkorn]] (1897)
* Crown Prince Maha [[Vajiravudh]] for King [[Chulalongkorn]] (1907)
* Prince [[Prajadhipok Sakdidej]] for King [[Vajiravudh]] (1925)
* Prince [[Paribatra Sukhumbandhu]] for King [[Prajadhipok]] (1932)
* Prince [[Narisara Nuwattiwong]] for King [[Prajadhipok]] (1934–1935)
* Prince [[Oscar Anuvatana]] (d. 1935), Prince [[Aditya Dibabha]] (1935–1944), [[Pan Sukhum]] (1935–1938), General [[Um Indrayodhin]] (1935–1942) and [[Pridi Banomyong]] (1941–1945) for King [[Ananda Mahidol]]
* [[Prem Tinsulanonda]], regent from 13 October to 1 December 2016 while King [[Vajiralongkorn]] was in Germany mourning for his father and predecessor

=== Africa ===
==== Morocco ====
* The [[Wattasid dynasty|Wattasid]] Vizier [[Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Wattasi|Abu Zakariya Yahya]] was regent during the minority of the [[Marinid]] sultan [[Abd al-Haqq II]]; the [[Wattasid dynasty#Wattasid Viziers|Wattasid Viziers]] however kept the power beyond the majority of [[Abd al-Haqq II]], until 1459 when most members of their family were killed by the sultan, allowing him to return to power.

==== Lesotho ====
* [[Queen Mamohato of Lesotho|Queen Mamohato]] was regent for the exiled [[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II]] in 1970 and again in 1990, and after his death in 1996.

==== Swaziland ====
* [[Tibati Nkambule of Swaziland]] was regent following the death of [[Mbandzeni]], until the majority of his son [[Ngwane V]] (1889 to 1894)
* [[Labotsibeni Mdluli]] was regent following the death of her son [[Ngwane V]], until the majority of his son [[Sobhuza II|King Sobhuza II]] (1899 to 1921)
* [[Dzeliwe of Swaziland|Queen Dzeliwe]] was regent after the death of her husband [[Sobhuza II|King Sobhuza II]] from 1982 to 1983
* [[Prince Sozisa Dlamini]] was regent in 1983, following the death of [[Sobhuza II|King Sobhuza II]] and the regency of [[Dzeliwe of Swaziland|Queen Dzeliwe]]
* [[Ntfombi of Swaziland|Queen Ntfombi]] was regent following the death of her husband [[Sobhuza II|King Sobhuza II]], until the majority of his son [[Mswati III|King Mswati III]] (1983 to 1986)

=== Europe ===
==== Belgium ====
* Baron [[Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier]], regent of Belgium until [[Leopold I of Belgium|Leopold I]]'s formal accession in 1831
* [[Prince Charles, Count of Flanders]], [[prince regent]] of Belgium during his elder brother [[Leopold III of Belgium|Leopold III]]'s exile and suspension of royal duties from 1944 to 1950
* [[Baudouin of Belgium|Prince Baudouin, Duke of Brabant]], [[prince regent]] of Belgium from 1950 to 1951, for his father Leopold III

==== Denmark ====
* [[Margaret Sambiria]], Regent for her son [[Eric V of Denmark|Eric V]], 1259–1264.
*[[Agnes of Brandenburg]], Regent for her son [[Eric VI of Denmark|Eric VI]], 1286–1293.
*[[Gerhard III of Holstein]], Regent for [[Valdemar III]], 1326–1330.
* [[Margrete I of Denmark|Margrete Valdemarsdatter]], Regent for her son [[Olaf II of Denmark|Olaf II]], 1376–1387.
*[[Philippa of England]], Regent on behalf of her husband [[Eric of Pomerania]], 1423–1425.
* [[Christopher of Bavaria]], regent of the realm prior to his official election as king, 1439–1440.
*[[Dorothea of Brandenburg]] During the Danish intermarium, 1448.
*[[Isabella of Austria]], Regent on behalf of her husband [[Christian II]] while he was in [[Sweden]], 1520.
*[[Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow]], Regent during her husband's, [[Frederick IV of Denmark|Frederick IV]] trip to [[Italy]], 1708–1709.
* [[Johann Friedrich Struensee]], de facto regent for [[Christian VII of Denmark|King Christian VII]], 1770–1772.
* [[Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark|Hereditary Prince Frederick]] (along with, effectively, his mother, [[Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Queen Juliana Maria]]) for his half-brother (and her step-son), [[Christian VII of Denmark|King Christian VII]], 1772–1784.
* [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederick]] for his father, [[Christian VII of Denmark|King Christian VII]], 1784–1808.
*[[Marie of Hesse-Kassel]], Regent for her spouse [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Frederick VI]] during his visit to [[Congress of Vienna|Vienna]], 1814–1815.
* [[Frederik IX of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederik]] for his father, [[Christian X of Denmark|King Christian X]], 1942–1943.
* [[Frederik X|Crown Prince Frederik]] for his mother, [[Margrethe II|Queen Margrethe II]] from 21–25 February 2023.
* [[Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark]] for his father [[Frederik X]], during the latter's trip to [[Poland]] from 31 January to 2 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Kronprins Christian skal være regent for første gang – TV 2 |url=https://nyheder.tv2.dk/2024-01-30-kronprins-christian-skal-vaere-regent-for-foerste-gang |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=nyheder.tv2.dk |language=da-DK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-30 |title=Kronprins Christian bliver for første gang regent {{!}} Nyheder |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/kronprins-christian-bliver-foerste-gang-regent |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=DR |language=da-DK}}</ref>

==== Liechtenstein ====
* [[Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Prince Franz Joseph]] was regent for four months for his grand-uncle [[Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein|Sovereign Prince Franz I]].
* [[Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein|Hereditary Prince Hans-Adam]] was regent for his father [[Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein|Sovereign Prince Franz Joseph II]] from 1984 until the latter's death in 1989.
* [[Prince Alois of Liechtenstein|Hereditary Prince Alois]] has been regent for his father [[Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein|Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II]] since 15 August 2004.

==== Luxembourg ====
* [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Duke Adolph of Nassau]] was regent from 8 April 1889 to 3 May 1889 and from 4 November 1890 to 23 November 1890, during the terminal illness of [[William III of the Netherlands|Grand Duke William III]].
* [[Marie Anne, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Dowager Grand Duchess Marie Anne]] was regent to her husband, [[Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke William IV]], during his terminal illness from 19 November 1908 to 25 February 1912, and then regent to her daughter, [[Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde]], during her minority from 25 February 1912 to 18 June 1912.
* [[Jean of Luxembourg|Hereditary Grand Duke Jean]] was regent for his mother, [[Charlotte of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess Charlotte]], from 4 May 1961 to 12 November 1964.
* [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Hereditary Grand Duke Henri]] was regent for his father, [[Jean of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Jean]], from 4 March 1998 to 7 October 2000.
* [[Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume]] has been regent for his father, [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Henri]], since 8 October 2024.

==== Monaco ====
* [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Hereditary Prince Albert]] was regent for his father [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Prince Rainier III]] from 31 March 2005 to 6 April 2005, when he succeeded him as [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]]

==== Netherlands ====
* [[Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange|Dowager Princess Anne]], during the minority of her son, [[William V, Prince of Orange]], between 1751 and 1759
* [[Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Dowager Princess Marie Louise]], during the minority of her son, [[William IV, Prince of Orange]] from 1711 to 1730, and the minority of her grandson, William V, jointly with [[Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] from 1759 till her death in 1765.
* [[Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], the Captain-General of the Dutch army, during the minority of William V, jointly with Dowager Princess Marie Louise from 1759 until her death in 1765, and with [[Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau]] (1765–1766)
* [[Carolina of Orange-Nassau|Princess Carolina]], during the minority of her brother, William V, and jointly with Duke Louis Ernest, between 1765 and 1766.
* [[Council of State (Netherlands)|Council of State]], during insanity of the King [[William III of the Netherlands|William III]] in 1889 and again in 1890
* [[Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont|Dowager Queen Emma]] (1890–1898), during the minority of her daughter [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]], between 1890 and 1898
* [[Juliana of the Netherlands|Princess Juliana]] during illness of her mother [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] in 1947 and again in 1948

==== Norway ====
* King [[Magnus IV of Sweden|Magnus Eriksson]] (1343–1355) after stepping down from the throne in favor of his son [[Haakon VI of Norway|Haakon Magnusson]]
*[[Johann Friedrich Struensee]], de facto regent for [[Christian VII of Denmark|King Christian VII]], 1770–1772
* [[Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark|Hereditary Prince Frederick]] (along with, effectively, his mother, [[Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Queen Juliana Maria]]) for his half-brother (and her step-son), [[Christian VII of Denmark|King Christian VII]], 1772–1784
* [[Frederick VI of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederick]] for his father, [[Christian VII of Denmark|King Christian VII]], 1784–1808
* [[Olav V of Norway|Crown Prince Olav]] was regent for his father [[Haakon VII of Norway|King Haakon VII]] in 1945, awaiting his return at end of the Second World War, and during his illness between 1955 and 1957.
* [[Harald V of Norway|Crown Prince Harald]] was regent during the illness of his father [[Olav V of Norway|King Olav V]] between 1990 and 1991.
* [[Haakon Magnus, Crown Prince of Norway|Crown Prince Haakon]] was regent from 25 November 2003 to 12 April 2004, from 29 March to 7 June 2005 and from 3 March to 22 April 2024 during the illness of his father [[Harald V of Norway|King Harald V]].

==== Spain ====
{{Main|List of Spanish regents}}
* [[Crown of Castile]]: [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]], twice regent of Castile (1504–1506, 1507–1516) for [[Juana of Castile|Queen Juana]]
* [[Pope Adrian VI]] (1520–1522) and [[Isabella of Portugal]] (1529–1533, 1535–1536, 1538–1539) and [[Philip II of Spain|Prince Philip]] (1539–1541, 1543–1548, 1551–1554) and [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Maximilian]] (1548–1551) and [[Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress|Maria of Austria]] (1548–1551) during Charles I's absences.
* [[Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal|Joan of Austria, Princess Dowager of Portugal]] (''Infanta Juana''), regent of Castile (1554–1559) for [[King Philip II of Spain]] during the king's marriage to Queen [[Mary I of England]].
* [[Fernando de Acevedo]] as President of the Council of Castile during King Philip III's visit to Portugal in 1619.
* [[García de Medrano y Álvarez de los Ríos|García de Medrano]], regent of the Kingdom of Navarre in 1645 and regent of the Royal Council of Seville in 1652 for [[Philip IV of Spain]].
* Queen [[Mariana of Austria]], regent of Spain during the minority of her son [[Charles II of Spain|Charles II]] from 1665 to 1675.
* [[Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero]] cardinal and archbishop of Toledo during King Charles II's illness in 1700.
* Government Board of the Realms during the illness of Charles II and Philip V absence from 1700 to 1701.
* [[Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero]] cardinal and archbishop of Toledo during King Philip V's absence from 1701 to 1703.
* Queen Regent [[Elisabeth Farnese]] during King Charles III's absence in 1759.
* [[Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain]], French invasion (King Ferdinand VII's absence) in 1808.
* Lieutenant General [[Joachim Murat]] (1808) and [[Jean de Dieu Soult]] (1813) during King Joseph's absence.
* A [[Junta (Peninsular War)|Supreme Central and Governmental Junta of Spain and the Indies]] from 25 September 1808 to 31 January 1810 and a regency Council (the [[Cortes of Cádiz]] from 1 February 1810 to 10 May 1814 during the imprisonment/abdication of [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]].
* Regencies during the [[Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis]] Intervention (1823): Provisional Regency Council of the Realm. President: [[Cayetano Valdés y Flores]], Provisional Government Board of Spain and the Indies. President: [[Francisco de Eguía]], Regency Council of the Realm during King's Captivity. President: [[Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duke of the Infantado]].
*  Queen [[Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies]] during the minority of her daughter [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] from 1833 to 1840.
* [[Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara]] during the minority of [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabella II]] from 1840 to 1843.
* [[Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre|Francisco Serrano, duke of la Torre]], during the interregnum between the reigns of Isabella II and [[Amadeo I of Spain|Amadeo I]], from 1868 to 1871.
* [[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo]] during King Alfonso XII's absence from 1874 to 1875.
*Queen [[Maria Christina of Austria]], regent during her pregnancy after her husband's death and then for her son [[Alfonso XIII of Spain|Alfonso XIII]] from 26 November 1885 – 17 May 1902.
* The [[Caudillo]] general [[Francisco Franco]], became de facto regent for life in 1947 to 1975, after reinstating the monarchy with a vacant royal throne ultimately filled by [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos]].

==== Sweden ====
* Duchess [[Ingeborg of Norway|Ingeborg]] (1318–1326) regent for her underage son, King [[Magnus IV of Sweden|Magnus]], in both Sweden and Norway.
* [[Charles VIII of Sweden|Karl Knutsson (Bonde)]] (1438–1440), during the interregnum following the deposition of the king [[Eric VII of Denmark|Eric XIII]]; later became king as Charles VIII
* [[Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna]] (1448; together with his brother Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna), during the interregnum between the death of [[Christopher of Bavaria]] and the election of Karl Knutsson (Bonde) as king.
* [[Nils Jönsson Oxenstierna]] (1448; together with his brother Bengt Jönsson Oxenstierna), during the interregnum between the death of [[Christopher of Bavaria]] and the election of Karl Knutsson (Bonde) as king.
* [[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]] (1457; together with Erik Axelsson Tott), during the interregnum following the first deposition of King [[Charles VIII of Sweden|Charles VIII]], and again (1465–1466), following his second deposition.
* [[Kettil Karlsson Vasa]] (1464), during the interregnum following the first deposition of King [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I]]; and again (1465), following the second deposition of [[Charles VIII of Sweden|Charles VIII]]
* [[Erik Axelsson Tott]] (1457; together with Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna) (1466–1467), following the end of Jöns Oxenstierna's second regency.
[[File:Stein Gustavson (Sture).jpg|thumb|Sten Sture the Elder, long-serving regent of Sweden]]
* [[Sten Sture the Elder]] (1470–1497, 1501–1503) the longest-serving regent during the [[Kalmar Union]]
* [[Svante Nilsson (regent of Sweden)|Svante Nilsson]] (1503–1512), succeeding Sten Sture the Elder.
* [[Erik Trolle]] 1512.
* [[Sten Sture the Younger]] (1512–1520), succeeding Svante Sture.
* [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Eriksson Vasa]] was firstly regent (1521–1523) after the final dissolution of Kalmar Union, but soon was proclaimed King.
* Duke [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles of Södermanland]] (1599–1604) after ousting his Catholic nephew King [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund]], until he himself claimed the throne.
* [[Axel Oxenstierna]] (1632–1644), during the minority of Queen [[Christina of Sweden|Christina]].
* Dowager Queen [[Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp]] (1660–1672), during the minority of her son King [[Charles XI of Sweden|Charles XI]], again (1697–1699), during the minority of her grandson King [[Charles XII of Sweden|Charles XII]], and finally, ''de facto'', during Charles's absence from Sweden during the early years of the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–1713).
* [[Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden|Princess Ulrika Eleonora]], during the frequent absences of her brother, Charles XII, in the later years of the Great Northern War (1713–1718)
* [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles, Duke of Södermanland]] (1792–1796) for his underage nephew [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden]], and again (1809) after Gustav IV Adolf was deposed and before Charles himself was proclaimed King Charles XIII.
* Crown Prince [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles John]] (1810–1818), for his adoptive father King [[Charles XIII of Sweden|Charles XIII]], due to Charles XIII's incapacity.
* Crown Prince [[Charles XV of Sweden|Charles]] (1857–1859), for his father King [[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar I]], due to Oscar's incapacity.

{{anchor|England}}<!--linked-->

==== United Kingdom and its predecessor realms ====
{{Main|Regency Acts}}
* [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George, Prince Regent]] (1811–1820), during the [[Regency era|incapacity of his father]], [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]].

===== [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] =====
* After the death of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] in 1714 a regency under [[Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield|Lord Parker]], the [[Lord Chief Justice of England|Lord Chief Justice]], was set up while [[George I of Great Britain|King George I]] was sent for to take up the crown.
* [[George II of Great Britain|George, Prince of Wales]] (1716–17), during the absence of his father, George I.<ref name="Pryde1996">{{cite book|editor-first=E. B. |editor-last=Pryde|title=Handbook of British Chronology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcgxEvGAK_kC&pg=PA45|year=1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-56350-5|pages=45–46}}</ref>
*Queen [[Caroline of Ansbach]] (1729; 1732; 1735; 1736–37), during the absences of her husband, [[George II of Great Britain|George II]].<ref name="Pryde1996" />

===== [[Kingdom of England]] =====
* [[Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar)|Ælfthryth]] (978–984), during the minority of her son King [[Æthelred the Unready]].
* [[Godwin of Wessex|Godwin, Earl of Wessex]] (c. 1026), ''[[Bailiff|baiulus]]'' during the absence of [[Cnut]]<ref>Barlow, Frank 2002. ''The Godwins'' Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Pages 27-28.</ref><ref>Mason, Emma 2004. ''The House of Godwine : The History of a Dynasty'' London: Hambledon and London. Page 33.</ref>
* [[Matilda of Scotland]] acted as [[regent]] of England on several occasions during Henry's absences: in 1104, 1107, 1108, and 1111.<ref>Judith A. Green: The Government of England Under Henry I, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p 41</ref>
* [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] (intermittently c. 1152–1163, 1189–1199), during the absences of her husband [[Henry II of England|Henry II]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Ralph V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVcslrfl1V4C |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England |date=2009-06-16 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-15989-9 |language=en}}</ref> then again for her son [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] while he was on the Third Crusade. 
* [[William Longchamp]] (intermittently 1189–1197), during the absences of [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] on the [[Third Crusade]], imprisoned in the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and in France.
* [[William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke]] (1216–1219) and then [[Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent]] (1219–1227), during the minority of King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]]
* [[Eleanor of Provence]] (1255) during the absence of King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] in France
* [[Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln]] as Protector of the Realm (1290s) during Edward I's absence during the [[First War of Scottish Independence]] and Regent of the Kingdom (1311) during Edward II's absence
* A regency council headed by [[Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster]] (1327–1330) during the minority of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]]
* [[Philippa of Hainault]] acted as [[regent]] in 1346,<ref name="ReferenceA">Strickland, Agnes. ''Lives of the Queens of England: From the Norman Conquest''</ref> when her husband was away for the [[Hundred Years' War]].
* [[John, Duke of Bedford]] (1422–1435), [[Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester]] and [[Henry Beaufort]] (1422–1437), [[Regency government, 1422–1437|during the minority of their nephew]], [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]]
* [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]] (1454–1455; 1455–1456), during the incapacity of his cousin, Henry VI
* [[Richard III of England|Richard, Duke of Gloucester]] (1483), during the minority of his nephew, [[Edward V of England|Edward V]]
* Queen [[Catherine of Aragon]] (1513) while [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] was in France. In this time she played a large role in the defeat of the Scots at the [[Battle of Flodden]], and was Queen Regent for several months.
* Queen [[Catherine Parr]] (1544), while [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] was in France.
* [[Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset]] (1547–1549), during the minority of his nephew, [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]]
* [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] (1550–1553), during the minority of Edward VI
* During the month of March 1617, [[Francis Bacon]] served as regent of England during the reign of [[King James I of England]]
* [[William III of England|William III]] personally led his army into battle each year during the [[Nine Years' War]] (1689–1698).  In his absence, the kingdom was administered by his wife and co-ruler [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary II]] until her death in 1694, and thereafter by a council of seven Lord Justices (sometimes referred to as the "Lords Regent"): [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire]] (1640–1707), [[Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset]] (1638–1706), [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin]] (1645–1712), [[Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke]] (1656–1733), [[Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury]] (1660–1718), [[John Somers, Baron Somers]] (1651–1716), and [[Thomas Tenison]], Archbishop of Canterbury.

===== [[Kingdom of Scotland]] =====
* A regency council of six Guardians existed (1286–1290) during the minority of [[Margaret of Scotland (Maid of Norway)|Margaret, Maid of Norway]]. These were; [[William Fraser (Guardian of Scotland)|William Fraser]], [[Bishop of St Andrews]]; [[Donnchadh III of Fife|Donnchadh III, Earl of Fife]] (followed by [[Donnchadh IV of Fife|Donnchadh IV, Earl of Fife]]); [[Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan]]; [[Robert Wishart]], [[Bishop of Glasgow]]; [[James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland]]; and [[John Comyn II of Badenoch]]
* [[William Wallace]] (1298), claiming to act as regent on behalf of the deposed King [[John of Scotland|John]]
* [[Robert the Bruce]], [[Earl of Carrick]] (1298–1300)
* [[John Comyn III of Badenoch]] (1298–1301; 1302–1304)
* [[William Lamberton]], [[Bishop of St Andrews]] (1299–1301)
* [[Ingram de Umfraville|Sir Ingram de Umfraville]] (1300–1301)
* [[John de Soules (Guardian of Scotland)|John de Soules]] (1301–1304)
* [[Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray]] (1329–1332) (during the minority of [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[Domhnall II, Earl of Mar|Donald, Earl of Mar]] (1332) (during the minority of [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[Andrew Murray (soldier)|Sir Andrew Murray]] (1332) (during the minority of [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[Archibald Douglas (died 1333)|Sir Archibald Douglas]] (1332–1333) (during the minority of [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland]] (1334–1335) (during the minority of his half-uncle [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray]] (1334–1335) (during the minority of [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[Andrew Murray (soldier)|Sir Andrew Murray]] (1335–1338) (during the minority of [[David II of Scotland|David II]])
* [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert Stewart, 7th High Steward of Scotland]] (1338–1341; 1346–1357) (during the minority and later captivity of his half-uncle [[David II of Scotland|David II]])

====== House of Stewart ======
* [[Robert III of Scotland|John Stewart, Earl of Carrick]] (1384–1388) (during the incapacity of his father, [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]])
* [[Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany|Robert Stewart, 1st Earl of Fife]] (1388–1393) (during the incapacity of his father, [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] and of his brother, [[Robert III of Scotland|Robert III]])
* [[David Stewart, 1st Duke of Rothesay]] (1399–1401) (during the incapacity of his father, Robert III)
* [[Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany]] (1401–1420) (during the incapacity of his brother Robert III, and then during the minority and captivity of his nephew [[James I of Scotland|James I]])
* [[Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany]] (1420–1424) (during the captivity of his cousin James I)
* Queen [[Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots]] (1437–1439) (during the minority of [[James II of Scotland|James II]])
* [[Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas]] (1437–1439) (during the minority of [[James II of Scotland|James II]])
* [[William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton]] and [[Alexander Livingston of Callendar|Sir Alexander Livingston]] (1439–1445) (during the minority of James II)
* [[William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas]] (1445–1449) (during the minority of James II)
*  Queen [[Mary of Gueldres]] (1460–1463) (during the minority of her son, [[James III of Scotland|James III]])
* [[James Kennedy (bishop)|James Kennedy]] and [[Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy]] (1463–1466) (during the minority of James III)
* [[Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd]] (1466–1469) (during the minority of James III)
* [[Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell|Patrick Hepburn]] (1488–1494) (during the minority of [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]])
*  Queen [[Margaret Tudor]] (1513–1514) (during the minority of her son, [[James V of Scotland|James V]])
* [[John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany]] (1514–1524) (during the minority of his cousin [[James V of Scotland|James V]])
* [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]] and Archbishop [[James Beaton]] (1524–1528) (during the minority of the former's stepson James V)
* [[James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran]] (1542–1554) (during the minority of his cousin, [[Mary, Queen of Scots]])
*  Queen [[Mary of Guise]] (1554–1560) (during the minority of her daughter [[Mary, Queen of Scots]])
* [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray]] (1567–1570) (during the minority of his nephew [[James I of England|James VI]])
* [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]] (1570–1571) (during the minority of his grandson James VI)
* [[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (d. 1572)|John Erskine, Earl of Mar]] (1571–1572) (during the minority of James VI)
* [[James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton]] (1572–1581) (during the minority of James VI)

=== South America ===
==== Afro-Bolivian monarchy ====
{{See also|Afro-Bolivian monarchy}}
* [[Aurora Pinedo]] (1958–1992), between the death of her father, [[Bonifacio Pinedo|Bonifacio I]], and the reign of her son, [[Julio Pinedo|Julio I]]