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==Ocean explorers== {|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- !Nationality !Sailed for !Name !First voyage of exploration !Last voyage of exploration ![[Arctic Ocean|Arctic]]<ref>The numbers indicate the number of exploratory voyages. A ship sailing from port through familiar seas does not start exploring until ''[[terra incognita]]'' is sighted, or a new sea is sailed confirming the lack of land — as in the case of [[James Cook|James Cook's]] second voyage, when he could confirm that the [[Terra Australis]] land mass did not exist in the regions of the [[Southern Ocean]] that he sailed.</ref> ![[North Atlantic]] ![[Indian Ocean|Indian]] ![[Pacific]] ![[South Atlantic]] ![[Southern Ocean|Southern]] |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[António de Abreu|de Abreu, António]]||1507||1512|| || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Afonso de Albuquerque|de Albuquerque, Afonso]]||1503 || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pero de Alenquer|de Alenquer, Pero]]||1487||1488|| || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Francisco de Almeida|de Almeida, Francisco]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Jorge Álvares|Álvares, Jorge]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Diogo de Azambuja|de Azambuja, Diogo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pero de Barcelos|de Barcelos, Pero]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Newfoundlander<ref>Newfoundland then part of the British Empire</ref>|| United States |[[Robert Bartlett (explorer)|Bartlett, Robert]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Estonian<ref>Estonia - then part of the Russian Empire</ref>|| Russia |[[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen|von Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb]]|| || || || || ||*<ref>Indicates a voyage<!--Needs a number--></ref>|| || |- |Danish<ref>Sailed for the Russian Empire</ref>|| Russia |[[Vitus Bering|Bering, Vitus]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- ||French|| France |[[Louis Antoine de Bougainville|de Bougainville, Louis Antoine]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English|| Britain |[[John Byron|Byron, John]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Italian ||England||[[John Cabot|Cabot, John]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Italian||England and Aragon||[[Sebastian Cabot (explorer)|Cabot, Sebastian]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pedro Álvares Cabral|Cabral, Pedro Álvares]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese<ref>In some sources Spanish</ref>|| Spain |[[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo|Cabrillo, João Rodrígues]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Venetian||Portugal||[[Alvise Cadamosto|Cadamosto. Alvise]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Álvaro Caminha|Caminha, Álvaro]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pero Vaz de Caminha|de Caminha, Pero Vaz]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Diogo Cão|Cão, Diogo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |French|| France |[[Jacques Cartier|Cartier, Jacques]]||1534 || || || || || || || |- |English || England |[[Thomas Cavendish|Cavendish, Thomas]]||1586-1588 || || || || || || || |- |French|| France |[[Samuel de Champlain|de Champlain, Samuel]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Gonçalo Coelho|Coelho, Gonçalo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Nicolau Coelho|Coelho, Nicolau]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Italian||Spain||[[Christopher Columbus|Columbus, Christopher]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English||Britain||[[James Cook|Cook, James]]||1768–1771||1776–1779|| || || ||3|| ||1 |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Gaspar Corte-Real|Corte-Real, Gaspar]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Miguel Corte-Real|Corte-Real, Miguel]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Tristão da Cunha|da Cunha, Tristão]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English || England |[[William Dampier|Dampier, William]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English|| England and Netherlands |[[John Davis (English explorer)|Davis, John]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Russian|| Russia |[[Semyon Dezhnev|Dezhnev, Semyon]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Bartolomeu Dias|Dias, Bartolomeu]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Dinis Dias|Dias, Dinis]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Diogo Dias|Dias, Diogo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pero Dias|Dias, Pero]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Fernão do Pó|do Pó, Fernão]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English|| England |[[Francis Drake|Drake, Francis]]||1577–1581||1577–1581|| || ||1||1||1|| |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Gil Eanes|Eanes, Gil]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Norwegian|| Norse |[[Erik the Red]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Icelandic|| Norse |[[Leif Ericson|Ericson, Leif]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pedro Escobar|Escobar, Pedro]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Álvaro Fernandes|Fernandes, Álvaro]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English|| Britain |[[Matthew Flinders|Flinders, Matthew]]|| || || || || || || || |- | English|| England |[[Martin Frobisher|Frobisher, Martin]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Estêvão da Gama (c.1470)|da Gama, Estêvão]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Paulo da Gama|da Gama, Paulo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Vasco da Gama|da Gama, Vasco]]||1497-1499 ||1524 || || || || || || |- | English|| England and Ireland |[[Humphrey Gilbert|Gilbert, Humphrey]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Russian || Russia |[[Vasily Golovnin|Golovnin, Vasily]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[André Gonçalves (explorer)|Gonçalves, André]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Antão Gonçalves|Gonçalves, Antão]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Lopes Gonçalves|Gonçalves, Lopes]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[João Grego|Grego, João]]|| || || || || || || || |- | English|| England |[[Henry Hudson|Hudson, Henry]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[João Infante|Infante, João]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Baltic German|| Russia |[[Otto von Kotzebue|von Kotzebue, Otto]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |Baltic German || Russia and Britain |[[Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern|Kruzenshtern, Ivan Fedorovich]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |French|| France |[[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse|de Lapérouse, Jean François de Galaup, comte]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal and England |[[João Fernandes Lavrador|Lavrador, João Fernandes]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Russian|| Russia and Britain |[[Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev|Lazarev, Mikhail Petrovich]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Gaspar de Lemos|de Lemos, Gaspar]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Russian|| Russia |[[Fyodor Petrovich Litke|Litke, Fyodor Petrovich]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |Portuguese|| Spain and Portugal |[[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan, Ferdinand]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Dutch|| Netherlands |[[Jacob Le Maire|le Maire, Jacob]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Álvaro Martins|Martins, Álvaro]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pedro Mascarenhas|Mascarenhas, Pedro]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Spanish|| Spain |[[Álvaro de Mendaña|de Mendaña, Álvaro]]|| 1567-1569|| || || || || || || |- |Genoese||Portugal||[[António Noli|Noli, António]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Fernão de Noronha|de Noronha, Fernão]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Galician|| Portugal |[[João da Nova|da Nova, João]]|| || || || || || || || |- | French|| France |[[Binot Paulmyer|Paulmyer, Binot]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Duarte Pacheco Pereira|Pereira, Duarte Pacheco]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Bartolomeu Perestrelo|Perestrelo, Bartolomeu]]|| || || || || || || || |- | German|| Denmark and Hamburg |[[Didrik Pining|Pining, Didrik]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Fernão Mendes Pinto|Pinto, Fernão Mendes]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Luís Pires|Pires, Luís]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Spain |[[Pedro Fernandes de Queiroz|de Queirós, Pedro Fernandes]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Diogo Rodrigues|Rodrigues, Diogo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[João de Santarém|de Santarém, João]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Dutch|| Netherlands |[[Willem Schouten|Schouten, Willem]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Irish|| Britain |[[Sir Ernest Shackleton|Shackleton, Ernest]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Diogo Silves|Silves, Diogo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Pedro de Sintra|de Sintra, Pedro]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese<ref>In some sources Spanish</ref>|| Spain |[[Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño|Soromenho, Sebastião Rodrígues]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Martim Afonso de Sousa|de Sousa, Martim Afonso]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Dutch|| Netherlands |[[Abel Tasman|Tasman, Abel]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Tristão Vaz Teixeira|Teixeira, Tristão Vaz]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese or Spanish (Galician)|| Spain |[[Luis Váez de Torres|de Torres, Luis Váez]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Nuno Tristão|Tristão, Nuno]]|| || || || || || || || |- | English|| Britain |[[George Vancouver|Vancouver, George]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[João Vaz Corte-Real|Vaz Corte-Real, João]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[Gonçalo Velho|Velho, Gonçalo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Italian || France |[[Giovanni da Verrazzano|da Verrazzano, Giovanni]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Italian|| Spain and Portugal |[[Amerigo Vespucci (explorer)|Vespucci, Amerigo]]|| || || || || || || || |- |English|| Britain |[[Samuel Wallis|Wallis, Samuel]]|| || || || || || || || |- | Baltic German|| Russia |[[Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel|Wrangel, Ferdinand Petrovich]]|| || || || || ||*|| || |- |Portuguese|| Portugal |[[João Gonçalves Zarco|Zarco, João Gonçalves]]|| || || || || || || || |- |Chinese|| China (Three Kingdoms period of China) |[[Kang Tai]]||300 || || || || || || || |- |Chinese|| China (Three Kingdoms period of China) |[[Zhu Ying]]||300 || || || || || || || |- |Chinese|| China (Yuen dynasty) |[[Wang Dayuan]]||1330 || || || || || || || |- |Chinese|| China (Ming dynasty) |[[Zheng He]]||1405 ||1431 || || || || || || |- |Chinese|| China (Ming dynasty) |[[Ma Huan]]||1413 || || || || || || || |- |Chinese|| China (Ming dynasty) |[[Fei Xin]]||1409 || || || || || || || |}
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