Editing List of infectious diseases (section)

==List==
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Infectious agent
! Common name
! Diagnosis
! Treatment
! Vaccine(s)
|- Teagan disease
|''[[Acinetobacter baumannii]]''
|''[[Acinetobacter]]'' infections
|Culture
|Supportive care
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Actinomyces israelii]]'', ''[[Actinomyces gerencseriae]]'' and ''[[Propionibacterium propionicus]]''
|[[Actinomycosis]]
|Histologic findings
|[[Penicillin]], [[doxycycline]], and [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamides]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Adenoviridae]]''
|[[Adenovirus infection]]
|[[Antigen]] detection, [[polymerase chain reaction]] assay, [[virus isolation]], and [[serology]]
|Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment.
|{{partial|[[Adenovirus vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kuschner | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Russell | first2 = K. L. | last3 = Abuja | first3 = M. | last4 = Bauer | first4 = K. M. | last5 = Faix | first5 = D. J. | last6 = Hait | first6 = H. | last7 = Henrick | first7 = J. | last8 = Jacobs | first8 = M. | last9 = Liss | first9 = A. | last10 = Lynch | first10 = J. A. | last11 = Liu | first11 = Q. | last12 = Lyons | first12 = A. G. | last13 = Malik | first13 = M. | last14 = Moon | first14 = J. E. | last15 = Stubbs | first15 = J. | last16 = Sun | first16 = W. | last17 = Tang | first17 = D. | last18 = Towle | first18 = A. C. | last19 = Walsh | first19 = D. S. | last20 = Wilkerson | first20 = D. | author21 = Adenovirus Vaccine Efficacy Trial Consortium | title = A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of the live, oral adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccine, in U.S. Military recruits | doi = 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.035 | journal = Vaccine | volume = 31 | issue = 28 | pages = 2963–2971 | year = 2013 | pmid = 23623865 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]''
|[[African trypanosomiasis|African sleeping sickness]] (African trypanosomiasis)
|Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examination
|[[Fexinidazole]] by mouth or [[pentamidine]] by injection for ''T. b. gambiense''.
[[Suramin]] by injection is used for ''T. b. rhodesiense''
|{{partial|[[Trypanosomiasis vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=La Greca|first1=F.|last2=Magez|first2=S.|year=2011|title=Vaccination against trypanosomiasis: Can it be done or is the trypanosome truly the ultimate immune destroyer and escape artist?|journal=Human Vaccines|volume=7|issue=11|pages=1225–1233|doi=10.4161/hv.7.11.18203|pmc=3323498|pmid=22205439}}</ref>
|-
| [[HIV|HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)]]
|[[HIV/AIDS|AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)]]
|Antibody test, p24 antigen test, PCR
|Treatment is typically a [[non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor]] (NNRTI) plus two [[Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor|nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors]] (NRTIs)
|{{partial|[[HIV vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite news|date=April 5, 2013|title=Researchers a step closer to making HIV vaccine|newspaper=Medical News Today|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/258647.php|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
|[[Amoebiasis]]
|Microscopy
|Those with symptoms require treatment with an amoebicidal tissue-active agent and a luminal cysticidal agent. Individuals that are asymptomatic only need a luminal cysticidal agent.
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Anaplasma]]'' species
|[[Anaplasmosis]]
|indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for IgG
|Tetracycline drugs (including [[tetracycline]], [[chlortetracycline]], [[oxytetracycline]], [[rolitetracycline]], [[doxycycline]], and [[minocycline]]) and [[imidocarb]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Angiostrongylus]]''
|[[Angiostrongyliasis]]
|Lumbar puncture, brain imaging, serology
|Albendazole
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Anisakis]]''
|[[Anisakis#Anisakiasis|Anisakiasis]]
|Gastroscopic examination, or histopathologic examination
|[[Albendazole]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Bacillus anthracis]]''
|[[Anthrax]]
|Culture, PCR
|Large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as [[fluoroquinolone]]s ([[ciprofloxacin]]), [[doxycycline]], [[erythromycin]], [[vancomycin]], or [[penicillin]]
|{{yes|[[Anthrax vaccines|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Arcanobacterium haemolyticum]]''
| [[Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection|''Arcanobacterium haemolyticum'' infection]]
|Culture in human blood [[agar]] plates
|[[erythromycin]] (proposed as the first-line drug), [[clindamycin]], [[gentamicin]], and [[cephalosporin]]s
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Junin virus]]
|[[Argentine hemorrhagic fever]]
|
|
|{{Yes}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Enria |first1=Delia A. |last2=Ambrosio |first2=Ana M. |last3=Briggiler |first3=Ana M. |last4=Feuillade |first4=María R. |last5=Crivelli |first5=Eleonora |author6=Grupo de Estudio de la Vacuna contra la Fiebre Hemorrágica Argentina |title=Vacuna contra la Fiebre Hemorragica Argentina Candid#1 producida en la Argentina. Inmunogenicidad y seguridad |trans-title=Candid#1 vaccine against Argentine hemorrhagic fever produced in Argentina. Immunogenicity and safety |language=es |journal=Medicina |date=2010 |volume=70 |issue=3 |pages=215–22 |pmid=20529769 |url=https://www.medicinabuenosaires.com/demo/revistas/vol70-10/3/v70_n3_p215_222.pdf }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]''
| [[Ascariasis]]
|[[Fecal smear]]
|[[Albendazole]], [[mebendazole]], [[levamisole]] and [[pyrantel pamoate]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Aspergillus]]'' species
|[[Aspergillosis]]
|[[Chest X-ray]] and CT,  [[microscopy]] by [[silver stain]]s
|[[Voriconazole]] and [[liposomal amphotericin B]] in combination with surgical [[debridement]]
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Astrovirus|''Astroviridae'']] species
|[[Astrovirus]] infection
|[[Electron microscopy]], enzyme-immunoassay ([[ELISA]]), [[immunofluorescence]], and [[polymerase chain reaction]]
|Supportive care
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Babesia]]'' species
|[[Babesiosis]]
|[[Giemsa stain|Giemsa-stained]] [[Blood film|thin-film blood smear]]
|[[Atovaquone]] and [[azithromycin]]. In life-threatening cases, [[exchange transfusion]] is performed.
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Bacillus cereus]]''
| ''[[Bacillus cereus]]'' infection
|Culture
|[[Vancomycin]]
|{{No}}
|-
|multiple bacteria
|[[Bacterial meningitis]]
|[[Lumbar puncture]] (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the [[intracranial pressure]] is elevated), CT or MRI
|Antibiotics
|{{No}}
|-
|multiple bacteria
|[[Bacterial pneumonia]]
|Sputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiography
|Antibiotics
|{{No}}
|-
| [[List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota]]
|[[Bacterial vaginosis]]
|[[Gram stain]] and whiff test
|[[Metronidazole]] or [[clindamycin]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Bacteroides]]'' species
|''[[Bacteroides]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Balantidium coli]]''
|[[Balantidiasis]]
|microscopic examination of stools, or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy
|[[Tetracycline]], [[metronidazole]] or [[iodoquinol]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Bartonella]]''
|[[Bartonellosis]]
|[[microscopy]], [[serology]], and [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
|Antibiotics
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Baylisascaris]]'' species
| ''[[Baylisascaris]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[BK virus]]
|[[BK virus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Piedraia hortae]]''
| [[Black piedra]]
|Stain or culture
|Antifungal shampoos such as [[pyrithione zinc]], [[formaldehyde]] and [[salicylic acid]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Blastocystis]]'' species
|[[Blastocystosis]]
|microscopic examination of a chemically preserved stool specimen
|Lack of scientific study to support the efficacy of any particular treatment
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Blastomyces dermatitidis]]''
|[[Blastomycosis]]
|KOH prep, cytology, or histology
|[[Itraconazole]] or [[ketoconazole]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Machupo virus]]
|[[Bolivian hemorrhagic fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Clostridium botulinum]]''; Note: Botulism is not an infection by ''[[Clostridium botulinum]]'' but caused by the intake of [[botulinum toxin]].
| [[Botulism]] (and Infant botulism)
|[[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay]]s (ELISAs), [[electrochemiluminescent]] (ECL) tests
|Botulism [[antitoxin]] and supportive care
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Sabiá virus]]
|[[Brazilian hemorrhagic fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Brucella]]'' species
| [[Brucellosis]]
|Culture
|[[Tetracycline]]s, [[rifampicin]], and the [[aminoglycoside]]s [[streptomycin]] and [[gentamicin]]
|{{Yes}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Negrón |first1=María E. |last2=Kharod |first2=Grishma A. |last3=Bower |first3=William A. |last4=Walke |first4=Henry |title=Notes from the Field: Human Brucella abortus RB51 Infections Caused by Consumption of Unpasteurized Domestic Dairy Products — United States, 2017–2019 |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=22 February 2019 |volume=68 |issue=7 |pages=185 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6807a6 |pmid=30789879 |pmc=6385706 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Yersinia pestis]]''
|[[Bubonic plague]]
|Culture
|[[Aminoglycoside]]s such as [[streptomycin]] and [[gentamicin]], [[tetracycline]]s (especially [[doxycycline]]), and the [[fluoroquinolone]] [[ciprofloxacin]]
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last1=Titball|first1=R. W.|last2=Williamson|first2=E. D.|year=2004|title=Yersinia pestis (plague) vaccines|journal=Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy|volume=4|issue=6|pages=965–973|doi=10.1517/14712598.4.6.965|pmid=15174978|s2cid=43565534}}</ref>
|-
| usually ''[[Burkholderia cepacia]]'' and other ''[[Burkholderia]]'' species
|''[[Burkholderia]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Mycobacterium ulcerans]]''
|[[Buruli ulcer]]
|[[real-time PCR]]
|The most widely used antibiotic regimen is once daily oral [[rifampicin]] plus twice daily oral [[clarithromycin]].
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Caliciviridae]]'' species
|[[Caliciviridae|Calicivirus]] infection ([[Norovirus]] and [[Sapovirus]])
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Campylobacter]]'' species
| [[Campylobacteriosis]]
|Stool culture
|[[Erythromycin]] can be used in children, and [[tetracycline]] in adults.
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Candida albicans]]'' and other ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'' species
|[[Candidiasis]] (Moniliasis; Thrush)
|oral candidiasis, the person's mouth for white patches and irritation.
vaginal candidiasis, vaginal itching or soreness, pain during sexual intercourse
|[[Antifungal medication]]s
|{{No}}
|-
| Intestinal disease by ''[[Capillaria philippinensis]]'', hepatic disease by ''[[Capillaria hepatica]]'' and pulmonary disease by ''[[Capillaria aerophila]]''
|[[Capillariasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Streptococcus mutans]] ''
|[[Dental caries]]
|
|
|{{partial|[[Caries vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.4103/0970-9290.49066 | last1 = Shivakumar | first1 = K. M. | last2 = Vidya | first2 = S. K. | last3 = Chandu | first3 = G. N. | title = Dental caries vaccine | journal = Indian Journal of Dental Research | volume = 20 | issue = 1 | pages = 99–106 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19336869| doi-access = free }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bartonella bacilliformis]]''
|[[Carrion's disease]]
|Peripheral blood smear with [[Giemsa stain]], Columbia blood agar cultures, [[immunoblot]], indirect [[immunofluorescence]], and [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
|[[Fluoroquinolone]]s (such as [[ciprofloxacin]]) or [[chloramphenicol]] in adults and chloramphenicol plus [[beta-lactam]]s in children
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Bartonella henselae]]''
|[[Cat-scratch disease]]
|[[Polymerase chain reaction]]
|[[Azithromycin]]
|{{No}}
|-
| usually [[Group A streptococcal infection|Group A]] ''[[Streptococcus]]'' and ''[[Staphylococcus]]''
|[[Cellulitis]]
|history and physical examination
|Penicillinase-resistant [[semisynthetic penicillin]] or a first-generation [[cephalosporin]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Trypanosoma cruzi]]''
|[[Chagas disease]] (American trypanosomiasis)
|[[Microscope|Microscopic]] examination of fresh [[Anticoagulant|anticoagulated]] blood, or its [[buffy coat]], for motile parasites; or by preparation of thin and thick [[blood smear]]s stained with [[Giemsa stain|Giemsa]].
|[[Benznidazole]] and [[nifurtimox]] (though benznidazole is the only drug available in most of Latin America)
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite news|date=26 March 2013|title=Potential Chagas Vaccine Candidate Shows Unprecedented Efficacy|newspaper=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130326194104.htm|access-date=14 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Haemophilus ducreyi]]''
|[[Chancroid]]
|Clinical diagnosis
|The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] recommendation is either a single oral dose (1 gram) of [[azithromycin]], a single IM dose (250&nbsp;mg) of [[ceftriaxone]], oral (500&nbsp;mg) of [[erythromycin]] three times a day for seven days, or oral (500&nbsp;mg) of [[ciprofloxacin]] twice a day for three days.
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Varicella zoster virus|Varicella zoster virus (VZV)]]
|[[Chickenpox]]
|The diagnosis of chickenpox is primarily based on the signs and symptoms, with typical early symptoms followed by a characteristic [[rash]].
|[[Aciclovir]]
|{{Yes|[[Varicella vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Alphavirus]]''
|[[Chikungunya]]
|Laboratory criteria include a [[Lymphocytopenia|decreased lymphocyte count]] consistent with [[viremia]].
Definitive laboratory diagnosis can be accomplished through viral isolation, RT-PCR, or [[Serology|serological]] diagnosis.
|[[Therapy#Supportive therapy|Supportive care]]
|{{partial|[[Chikungunya vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Docksai|first=Rick|date=31 May 2017|title=DoD Vaccine Research Saves Military, Civilian Lives|url=http://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/News/Article/Article/1198160/dod-vaccine-research-saves-military-civilian-lives/|access-date=7 July 2018|publisher=US Department of Defense}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''
|[[Chlamydia infection|Chlamydia]]
|[[Nucleic acid amplification test]]s (NAAT), such as [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA [[strand displacement amplification]] (SDA)
|[[azithromycin]], [[doxycycline]], [[erythromycin]], levofloxacin or [[ofloxacin]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]''
| ''[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]'' infection (Taiwan acute respiratory agent or TWAR)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Vibrio cholerae]]''
|[[Cholera]]
|A rapid [[dipstick]] test is available.
|[[oral rehydration therapy]] (ORT)
|{{yes|[[Cholera vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| usually ''[[Fonsecaea pedrosoi]]''
|[[Chromoblastomycosis]]
|microscopy (KOH scrapings)
|[[Itraconazole]], an [[Antifungal medication|antifungal]] [[azole]], is given orally, with or without [[flucytosine]].
|{{No}}
|-
|''Batrachochytrium dendrabatidis''
|''[[Chytridiomycosis]]''
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]''
|[[Clonorchiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Clostridioides difficile (bacteria)|Clostridioides difficile]]''
| ''[[Clostridioides difficile infection|''Clostridioides difficile'' colitis]]''
|[[Colonoscopy]] or [[sigmoidoscopy]], cytotoxicity assay, toxin ELISA
|[[Vancomycin]] or [[fidaxomicin]] by mouth
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Coccidioides immitis]]'' and ''[[Coccidioides posadasii]]''
|[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Coltivirus|Colorado tick fever virus]] (CTFV)
|[[Colorado tick fever]] (CTF)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually [[rhinovirus]]es and [[coronavirus]]es
|[[Common cold]] (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza)
|Based on symptoms
|Supportive care
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)
|[[Coronavirus disease 2019]] (COVID-19)
|
|
|{{Yes|[[COVID-19 vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|[[Coxsackie B virus]]
|[[Coxsackie B virus]] infection
|Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via [[serological]] tests such as [[ELISA]] and from cell culture.
|There is no well-accepted treatment for the Coxsackie B group of viruses.
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kim | first1 = D. S. | last2 = Nam | first2 = J. H. | doi = 10.1517/14712590903379502 | title = Characterization of attenuated coxsackievirus B3 strains and prospects of their application as live-attenuated vaccines | journal = Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 179–190 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20088713 | s2cid = 2700243 }}</ref>
|-
| [[PRNP]]
|[[Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] (CJD)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
| [[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever]] (CCHF)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''
|[[Cryptococcosis]]
|[[India ink]] of the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF)
|[[Intravenous]] [[Amphotericin B]] combined with [[flucytosine]] by mouth
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Cryptosporidium]]'' species
|[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Ancylostoma braziliense]]''; multiple other parasites
|[[Cutaneous larva migrans]] (CLM)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Cyclospora cayetanensis]]''
|[[Cyclosporiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Taenia solium]]''
|[[Cysticercosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Cytomegalovirus]]''
|[[Cytomegalovirus]] infection
|Blood and urine tests, biopsy
|Cidofovir, foscarnet, ganciclovir, valganciclovir
|{{partial|[[Cytomegalovirus vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite book | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-77349-8_20 | last1 = Schleiss | first1 = M. R. | title = Human Cytomegalovirus | chapter = Cytomegalovirus vaccine development | series = Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology | volume = 325 | pages = 361–382 | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-3-540-77348-1 | pmid = 18637516 | pmc = 2831992}}</ref>
|-
|[[Dengue fever|Dengue]] viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – [[Flavivirus|''Flaviviruses'']]
| [[Dengue fever]]
|Clinical diagnosis
|Treatment depends on the symptoms.
|{{yes|[[Dengue vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Green algae]] [[Desmodesmus]] armatus
|[[Desmodesmus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]''
| [[Dientamoebiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]''
|[[Diphtheria]]
|Laboratory criteria
* Isolation of ''C. diphtheriae'' culture
* Histopathologic diagnosis

Toxin demonstration
* In vivo tests (guinea pig inoculation)
* In vitro test: Elek's gel precipitation test, PCR, ELISA, ICA

Clinical criteria
* URT illness with sore throat
* Low-grade fever
* An adherent, dense, grey pseudomembrane covering the posterior aspect of the pharynx
|[[Metronidazole]], [[Erythromycin]], [[Procaine penicillin G]]
|{{yes|[[DPT vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Diphyllobothrium]]''
|[[Diphyllobothriasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Dracunculus medinensis]]''
|[[Dracunculiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Eastern equine encephalitis#Virus|Eastern equine encephalitis virus]]
|[[Eastern equine encephalitis]] (EEE)
|Blood tests
|[[Corticosteroids]], [[anticonvulsants]], and supportive measures (treating symptoms)
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pandya|first1=J.|last2=Gorchakov|first2=R.|last3=Wang|first3=E.|last4=Leal|first4=G.|last5=Weaver|first5=S. C.|year=2012|title=A vaccine candidate for eastern equine encephalitis virus based on IRES-mediated attenuation|journal=Vaccine|volume=30|issue=7|pages=1276–1282|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.121|pmc=3283035|pmid=22222869}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ebola]]virus (EBOV)
|[[Ebola]] [[hemorrhagic fever]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Ebola vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Echinococcus]]'' species
| [[Echinococcosis]]
|Imaging, Serology test
|Surgical removal of the cysts combined with chemotherapy
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Ehrlichia]]'' species
|[[Ehrlichiosis]]
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rudoler|first1=N.|last2=Baneth|first2=G.|last3=Eyal|first3=O.|last4=Van Straten|first4=M.|last5=Harrus|first5=S.|year=2012|title=Evaluation of an attenuated strain of Ehrlichia canis as a vaccine for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis|journal=Vaccine|volume=31|issue=1|pages=226–233|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.003|pmid=23072894}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]''
|[[Enterobiasis]] (Pinworm infection)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Enterococcus]]'' species
| ''[[Enterococcus]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Enterovirus]] species
|[[Enterovirus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]''
| [[Epidemic typhus]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Parvovirus B19]]
|[[Erythema infectiosum]] (Fifth disease)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Human herpesvirus 6]] (HHV-6) and [[human herpesvirus 7]] (HHV-7)
| [[Exanthem subitum]] (Sixth disease)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Fasciola hepatica]]'' and ''[[Fasciola gigantica]]''
| [[Fasciolasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Fasciolopsis buski]]''
|[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[PRNP]]
|[[Fatal familial insomnia]] (FFI)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Filarioidea]] [[Taxonomic rank|superfamily]]
| [[Filariasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Clostridium perfringens]]''
| [[Food poisoning]] by ''[[Clostridium perfringens]]''
|Stool test
|Supportive care
|{{No}}
|-
|multiple
|[[Free-living amebic infection]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Fusobacterium]]'' species
|''[[Fusobacterium]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Clostridium perfringens]]''; other ''[[Clostridium]]'' species
|[[Gas gangrene]] (Clostridial myonecrosis)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Geotrichum candidum]]''
|[[Geotrichosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[PRNP]]
|[[Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome]] (GSS)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Giardia lamblia]]''
| [[Giardiasis]]
|Detection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool
|Treatment is not always necessary. If medications are needed, a [[nitroimidazole]] medication is used such as [[metronidazole]], [[tinidazole]], [[secnidazole]] or [[ornidazole]].
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Burkholderia mallei]]''
|[[Glanders]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Gnathostoma]] spinigerum'' and ''Gnathostoma hispidum''
|[[Gnathostomiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]''
|[[Gonorrhea]]
|[[Gram stain]] and [[Cell culture|culture]]
|[[Ceftriaxone]] by injection and [[azithromycin]] by mouth
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/126412/collaboration-to-develop-the-worlds-first-prophylactic-gonorrhoea-vaccine/| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200902235718/https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/126412/collaboration-to-develop-the-worlds-first-prophylactic-gonorrhoea-vaccine/| archive-date = 2020-09-02| title = Collaboration to develop the world's first prophylactic gonorrhoea vaccine}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Klebsiella granulomatis]]''
|[[Granuloma inguinale]] (Donovanosis)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''
|[[Group A streptococcal infection]]
|Culture
|Penicillin
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Streptococcus agalactiae]]''
|[[Group B streptococcal infection]]
|Gram stain
|Penicillin and ampicillin
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]''
| ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' infection
|Gram stain
|In severe cases, [[cefotaxime]] and [[ceftriaxone]] delivered into the bloodstream, and for the less severe cases, an association of [[ampicillin]] and [[sulbactam]], [[cephalosporins]] of the second and third generation, or [[fluoroquinolones]] are preferred.
|{{yes|[[Hib vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|[[Enterovirus]]es, mainly [[Coxsackie A]] [[virus]] and [[EV-71|enterovirus 71]] (EV71)
|[[Hand, foot and mouth disease]] (HFMD)
|A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone. If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken.
|Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically resolves on its own.
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zhu|first1=F. C.|last2=Liang|first2=Z. L.|last3=Li|first3=X. L.|last4=Ge|first4=H. M.|last5=Meng|first5=F. Y.|last6=Mao|first6=Q. Y.|last7=Zhang|first7=Y. T.|last8=Hu|first8=Y. M.|last9=Zhang|first9=Z. Y.|last10=Li|first10=J. X.|last11=Gao|first11=F.|year=2013|title=Immunogenicity and safety of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy Chinese children and infants: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial|journal=The Lancet|volume=381|issue=9871|pages=1037–45|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61764-4|pmid=23352749|last20=Dong|first23=J. Z.|last23=Wang|first22=X. L.|last22=Shen|first21=F. X.|last21=Li|first20=Y. Y.|last14=Chu|first19=P.|last19=Liu|first18=X. Q.|last18=Chen|first17=H. J.|last17=Guo|first16=X.|last16=Yao|first15=X.|last15=Wu|first14=K.|first13=Q. Y.|last13=Zhu|first12=Q. H.|last12=Chen|s2cid=27961719}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=D. S.|last2=Nam|first2=J. H.|year=2010|title=Characterization of attenuated coxsackievirus B3 strains and prospects of their application as live-attenuated vaccines|journal=Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy|volume=10|issue=2|pages=179–190|doi=10.1517/14712590903379502|pmid=20088713|s2cid=2700243}}</ref>
|-
|[[Virus sin Nombre|Sin Nombre virus]]
|[[Hantavirus]] Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Heartland virus]]
|[[Heartland virus]] disease
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Helicobacter pylori]]''
|''[[Helicobacter pylori]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Escherichia coli]]O157:H7, O111 and O104:H4
|[[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome]] (HUS)
|First diagnosis of aHUS is often made in the context of an initial, complement-triggering infection, and Shiga-toxin has also been implicated as a trigger that identifies patients with aHUS.
|Treatment involves [[supportive care]] and may include [[Kidney dialysis|dialysis]], [[Corticosteroids|steroids]], [[blood transfusions]], and [[plasmapheresis]].
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Bunyaviridae]] species
|[[Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]] (HFRS)
|HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and [[Serology|serological]] evidence is often needed.
|There is no cure for HFRS. Treatment involves supportive therapy including renal dialysis.
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Hendra virus]]
| [[Hendra virus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Hepatitis A virus]]
| [[Hepatitis A]]
|Blood tests
|[[Supportive care]], [[liver transplantation]]
|{{yes|[[Hepatitis A vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Hepatitis B virus]]
| [[Hepatitis B]]
|Blood tests
|[[Antiviral medication]] ([[tenofovir]], [[interferon]]), [[liver transplantation]]
|{{yes|[[Hepatitis B vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Hepatitis C virus]]
| [[Hepatitis C]]
|Blood testing for [[antibodies]] or viral [[RNA]]
|Antivirals ([[sofosbuvir]], [[simeprevir]], others)
|{{partial|[[Hepatitis C vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite news|date=January 9, 2013|title=Hepatitis C vaccine by Inovio could be tested in humans by end of year|newspaper=Philadelphia Business Journal|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/news/2013/01/09/hepatitis-c-vaccine-by-inovio-could-be.html|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Hepatitis D Virus]]
| [[Hepatitis D]]
|Immunoglobulin G
|Antivirals, pegylated interferon alpha
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Hepatitis E virus]]
| [[Hepatitis E]]
|Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
|Rest, [[ribavirin]] (if chronic)
|{{yes|[[Hepatitis E#Prevention|Yes]]}}
|-
|[[Herpes simplex virus|Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2]] (HSV-1 and HSV-2)
| [[Herpes simplex]]
|Based on symptoms, [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]],  [[viral culture]]
|[[Aciclovir]], [[valaciclovir]], [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen), topical lidocaine
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]''
|[[Histoplasmosis]]
|Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed by samples containing the fungus taken from sputum (via [[bronchoalveolar lavage]]), blood, or infected organs.
|In the majority of [[Immunocompetence|immunocompetent]] individuals, histoplasmosis resolves without any treatment. Typical treatment of severe disease first involves treatment with [[amphotericin B]], followed by oral [[itraconazole]].
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]'' and ''[[Necator americanus]]''
|[[Hookworm]] infection
|
|
|{{partial|[[Hookworm vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite news|date=January 20, 2012|title=Human hookworm vaccine trial|newspaper=Medical News Today|url=http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/240586.php|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Human bocavirus]] (HBoV)
|[[Human bocavirus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Ehrlichia ewingii]]''
| [[Human ewingii ehrlichiosis]]
|The diagnosis can be confirmed by using [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]. A peripheral blood smear can also be examined for intracytoplasmic inclusions called morulae.
|[[Doxycycline]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Anaplasma phagocytophilum]]''
|[[Human granulocytic anaplasmosis]] (HGA)
|[[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
|[[Doxycycline]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Human metapneumovirus]] (hMPV)
|[[Human metapneumovirus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Ehrlichia chaffeensis]]''
| [[Human monocytic ehrlichiosis]]
|[[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]]
|[[Doxycycline]]
|{{No}}
|-
| One of the [[human papillomavirus]]es
|[[Human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection
|
|
|{{yes|[[HPV vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Human parainfluenza virus]]es (HPIV)
|[[Human parainfluenza virus]] infection [[Croup]]
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hanabuchi |first1=S. |last2=Ohashi |first2=T. |last3=Koya |first3=Y. |last4=Kato |first4=H. |last5=Hasegawa |first5=A. |last6=Takemura |first6=F. |last7=Masuda |first7=T. |last8=Kannagi |first8=M. |title=Regression of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I (HTLV-I)-Associated Lymphomas in a Rat Model: Peptide-Induced T-Cell Immunity |journal=Journal of the National Cancer Institute |date=5 December 2001 |volume=93 |issue=23 |pages=1775–1783 |doi=10.1093/jnci/93.23.1775 |pmid=11734593 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470514672.ch4 |chapter=Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus: Necessity for and Feasibility of a Vaccine |title=Ciba Foundation Symposium 187 - Vaccines Against Virally Induced Cancers |series=Novartis Foundation Symposia |year=2007 |last1=De Thé |first1=G. |last2=Bomford |first2=R. |last3=Kazanji |first3=M. |last4=Ibrahim |first4=F. |volume=187 |pages=47–60 |pmid=7796676 |isbn=978-0-470-51467-2 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Human T-lymphotropic virus 1]] (HTLV-1)
|[[Human T-lymphotropic virus 1]] infection
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1093/jnci/93.23.1775 | last1 = Hanabuchi | first1 = S. | last2 = Ohashi | first2 = T. | last3 = Koya | first3 = Y. | last4 = Kato | first4 = H. | last5 = Hasegawa | first5 = A. | last6 = Takemura | first6 = F. | last7 = Masuda | first7 = T. | last8 = Kannagi | first8 = M. | title = Regression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated lymphomas in a rat model: Peptide-induced T-cell immunity | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 93 | issue = 23 | pages = 1775–1783 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11734593| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last1 = De Thé | first1 = G. | last2 = Bomford | first2 = R. | last3 = Kazanji | first3 = M. | last4 = Ibrahim | first4 = F. | chapter = Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus: Necessity for and Feasibility of a Vaccine | title = Ciba Foundation Symposium 187 - Vaccines Against Virally Induced Cancers | journal = Ciba Foundation Symposium | series = Novartis Foundation Symposia | volume = 187 | pages = 47–55; discussion 55–60 | year = 1994 | doi = 10.1002/9780470514672.ch4 | pmid = 7796676| isbn = 9780470514672 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Hymenolepis nana]]'' and [[Hymenolepis diminuta]]
| [[Hymenolepiasis]]
|Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites
|[[Praziquantel]], [[niclosamide]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Epstein–Barr virus]] (EBV)
|[[Infectious mononucleosis|Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis]] (Mono)
|Diagnostic modalities for infectious mononucleosis include:

* Person's age, with highest risk at 10 to 30 years.
* [[Medical history]], such as close contact with other people with infectious mononucleosis
* [[Physical examination]], including palpation of any [[Lymphadenopathy|enlarged lymph nodes]] in the neck, or [[Splenomegaly|enlarged spleen]].
* The [[heterophile antibody test]] is a [[Screening (medicine)|screening]] test that gives results.
* [[Serology|Serological tests]] take longer time, but are more accurate.
|Infectious mononucleosis is generally [[Self-limiting (biology)|self-limiting]], so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used.
|{{partial|[[Epstein–Barr vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Pullen |first= L.C.|date=November 7, 2011|title=Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine May Soon Enter Phase 3 Trial|newspaper=Medscape Today|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/753031|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Orthomyxoviridae]] species
| rowspan="2" | [[Influenza]] (flu)
| rowspan="2" |Diagnostic methods that can identify influenza include [[viral culture]]s, antibody- and antigen-detecting tests, and nucleic acid-based tests.
| rowspan="2" |Treatment of influenza in cases of mild or moderate illness is supportive and includes anti-fever medications such as [[acetaminophen]] and [[ibuprofen]], adequate fluid intake to avoid dehydration, and resting at home.
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/h5n1-influenza-virus-vaccine-manufactured-sanofi-pasteur-inc-questions-and-answers#:~:text=On%20April%2017%2C%202007%2C%20FDA,to%20the%20H5N1%20influenza%20virus|title = H5N1 Influenza Virus Vaccine, manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur, Inc. Questions and Answers|journal = FDA|date = 12 April 2019}}</ref>
|-
|{{yes|[[Influenza vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Isospora belli]]''
| [[Isosporiasis]]
|Microscopic demonstration of the large typically shaped oocysts is the basis for diagnosis.
|[[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Japanese encephalitis virus]]
|[[Japanese encephalitis]]
|Available tests detecting JE virus-specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or [[cerebrospinal fluid]], for example by IgM capture [[ELISA]].
|Supportive
|{{yes|[[Japanese encephalitis vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| unknown; evidence supports that it is infectious
|[[Kawasaki disease]]
|Based on symptoms, [[Echocardiogram|ultrasound of the heart]]
|[[Aspirin]], [[immunoglobulin]]
|{{No}}
|-
| multiple
|[[Keratitis]]
|
|Infectious keratitis generally requires urgent antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral therapy to eliminate the pathogen.
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Kingella kingae]]''
|''[[Kingella kingae]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[PRNP]]
|[[Kuru (disease)|Kuru]]
|Autopsy
|None
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Lassa virus]]
| [[Lassa fever]]
|Laboratory testing
|Supportive
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Legionella pneumophila]]''
| [[Legionellosis]] (Legionnaires' disease)
|Urinary [[antigen test]], [[sputum culture]]
|Effective [[antibiotic]]s include most [[macrolide]]s, [[Tetracycline antibiotics|tetracyclines]], [[ketolide]]s, and [[Quinolone antibiotic|quinolones]].
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Legionella pneumophila]]''
|[[Pontiac fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Leishmania]]'' species
|[[Leishmaniasis]]
|Hematology laboratory by direct visualization of the [[amastigotes]] (Leishman–Donovan bodies).
|For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, [[liposomal amphotericin B]] is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose.
|{{partial|[[Leishmaniasis vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Nakkazi |first= E.|date=March 12, 2012|title=New vaccine trials to prevent visceral leishmaniasis|newspaper=New Science Journalism|url=http://newsciencejournalism.com/03/2012/vaccine-trials-to-prevent-visceral-leishmaniasis-starts/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420144503/http://newsciencejournalism.com/03/2012/vaccine-trials-to-prevent-visceral-leishmaniasis-starts/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 20, 2013|access-date=June 16, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]'' and ''[[Mycobacterium lepromatosis]]''
|[[Leprosy]]
|In countries where people are frequently infected, a person is considered to have leprosy if they have one of the following two signs:

* Skin lesion consistent with leprosy and with definite sensory loss.
* Positive skin smears.
|[[Rifampicin]], [[dapsone]], [[clofazimine]]
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite news|last=McGuinness |first= R.|date=November 20, 2012|title=Search for leprosy vaccine continues as disease still affects thousands|newspaper=Metro News|url=http://metro.co.uk/2012/11/20/search-for-leprosy-vaccine-continues-as-disease-still-affects-thousands-620746/|access-date=May 29, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Leptospira]]'' species
|[[Leptospirosis]]
|Testing blood for [[antibodies]] against the bacterium or its [[DNA]]
|[[Doxycycline]], [[penicillin]], [[ceftriaxone]]
|{{yes|[[Leptospirosis vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Listeria monocytogenes]]''
|[[Listeriosis]]
|Culture of blood or [[Cerebrospinal fluid|spinal fluid]]
|[[Ampicillin]], [[gentamicin]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'', ''[[Borrelia garinii]]'', and ''[[Borrelia afzelii]]''
|[[Lyme disease]] (Lyme borreliosis)
|Based on symptoms, tick exposure, blood tests
|[[Doxycycline]], [[amoxicillin]], [[ceftriaxone]], [[cefuroxime]]
|{{partial|[[Lyme disease vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Lyme Disease Vaccine|url=http://www.lymeinfo.net/vaccine.html|access-date=April 24, 2013|publisher=Lyme Info}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Wuchereria bancrofti]]'' and ''[[Brugia malayi]]''
|[[Lymphatic filariasis]] (Elephantiasis)
|[[Microscopy|Microscopic examination]] of blood
|[[Albendazole]] with [[ivermectin]] or [[diethylcarbamazine]]
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis|Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus]] (LCMV)
|[[Lymphocytic choriomeningitis]]
|Blood test
|Symptomatic and supportive
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Plasmodium]]'' species
|[[Malaria]]
|Examination of the blood, [[Malaria antigen detection tests|antigen detection tests]]
|[[Antimalarial medication]]
|{{yes|[[Malaria vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|[[Marburg virus]]
|[[Marburg virus|Marburg]] [[hemorrhagic fever]] (MHF)
|Blood test
|Supportive
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hampton|first1=T.|year=2006|title=Marburg Vaccine Shows Promise: Offers Postexposure Protection in Monkeys|journal=JAMA|volume=295|issue=20|page=2346|doi=10.1001/jama.295.20.2346|pmid=16720816}}</ref>
|-
|[[Measles virus]]
|[[Measles]]
|Onset of [[fever]] and [[malaise]] about 10 days after exposure to the measles virus, followed by the emergence of [[cough]], [[Rhinitis|coryza]], and [[conjunctivitis]] that worsen in severity over 4 days of appearing. Observation of Koplik's spots is also diagnostic.
|[[Supportive treatment|Supportive care]]
|{{yes|[[Measles vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus]]
| [[Middle East respiratory syndrome]] (MERS)
|[[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|rRT-PCR testing]]
|[[Symptomatic treatment|Symptomatic]] and [[Supportive treatment|supportive]]
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/117962/mers-vaccine-shows-promise-in-clinical-trial-say-researchers/| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200503002825/https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/117962/mers-vaccine-shows-promise-in-clinical-trial-say-researchers/| archive-date = 2020-05-03| title = MERS vaccine shows promise in clinical trial, say researchers}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Burkholderia pseudomallei]]''
|[[Melioidosis]] (Whitmore's disease)
|Growing the bacteria in culture mediums
|[[Ceftazidime]], [[meropenem]], [[co-trimoxazole]]
|{{No}}
|-
| multiple
|[[Meningitis]]
|[[Lumbar puncture]]
|[[Antibiotics]], [[antivirals]], [[steroids]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]''
|[[Meningococcal disease]]
|
|Treatment in primary care usually involves intramuscular administration of [[benzylpenicillin]]. Once in the hospital, the antibiotics of choice are usually IV broad spectrum 3rd generation [[cephalosporins]].
|{{yes|[[Meningococcal vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| usually ''Metagonimus yokagawai''
|[[Metagonimiasis]]
|Metagonimiasis is diagnosed by eggs seen in [[feces]].
|[[Praziquantel]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Microsporidia]] phylum
|[[Microsporidiosis]]
|PCR
|[[Fumagillin]] has been used in the treatment. Another agent used is [[albendazole]].
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Molluscum contagiosum virus]] (MCV)
| [[Molluscum contagiosum]] (MC)
|Based on appearance
|[[Cimetidine]], [[podophyllotoxin]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Monkeypox virus]]
| [[Mpox]]
|Testing for viral DNA
|Supportive, [[antivirals]], [[vaccinia immune globulin]]
|{{Yes}}
|-
| [[Mumps virus]]
| [[Mumps]]
|Antibody testing, viral cultures, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
|[[Supportive treatment|Supportive]]
|{{yes|[[Mumps vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Rickettsia typhi]]''
| [[Murine typhus]] (Endemic typhus)
|Early diagnosis continued to be based on clinical suspicion.
|The most effective antibiotics include [[tetracycline]] and [[chloramphenicol]].
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]''
|[[Mycoplasma pneumonia]]
|Chest X-Ray, Chest CT, blood test
|[[Erythromycin]], [[doxycycline]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]''
|[[Mycoplasma genitalium]] infection
|Nucleic acid amplification test
|[[Azithromycin]], [[moxifloxacin]]
|{{No}}
|-
| numerous species of [[bacteria]] ([[actinomycosis|Actinomycetoma]]) and [[fungi]] ([[Eumycetoma]])
|[[Mycetoma]]
|[[Ultrasound]], [[fine needle aspiration]]
|[[Antibiotics]] or [[antifungal]] medication
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Parasite|parasitic]] [[Diptera|dipterous]] fly larvae
|[[Myiasis]]
|Examination and serologic testing
|Petroleum jelly over the central punctum
|{{No}}
|-
| most commonly ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]'' and ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]''
|[[Neonatal conjunctivitis]] (Ophthalmia neonatorum)
|
|Antibiotic ointment ([[erythromycin]], [[tetracycline]], or rarely [[silver nitrate]] or [[Argyrol]])
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Nipah virus]]
|[[Nipah virus infection]]
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190415081956.htm#:~:text=Summary%3A,viruses%20in%20the%20same%20family.&text=Nipah%20virus%20is%20a%20type,transmitted%20from%20animals%20to%20humans.|title = Developing a vaccine against Nipah virus}}</ref>
|-
|[[Norovirus]]
| [[Norovirus]]
|Based on symptoms
|[[Supportive care]]
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Sifferlin |first= A.|date=March 22, 2013|title=Norovirus leading cause of intestinal disorders in kids|newspaper=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/22/health/norovirus-intestinal-disorders-time|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|[[PRNP]]
|(New) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Nocardia asteroides]]'' and other ''[[Nocardia]]'' species
| [[Nocardiosis]]
|chest x-ray to analyze the lungs, a [[bronchoscopy]], a brain/lung/skin biopsy, or a [[sputum culture]].
|[[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]] or high doses of [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulfonamides]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Onchocerca volvulus]]''
|[[Onchocerciasis]] (River blindness)
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{cite news|author=Sanjit Bagchi|date=April 26, 2006|title=Study raises hopes of vaccine for river blindness|newspaper=SciDev Net|url=http://www.scidev.net/en/news/study-raises-hopes-of-vaccine-for-river-blindness.html|access-date=April 24, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Opisthorchis viverrini]]'' and ''[[Opisthorchis felineus]]''
|[[Opisthorchiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]]''
|[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]] (South American blastomycosis)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Paragonimus westermani]]'' and other ''[[Paragonimus]]'' species
|[[Paragonimiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Pasteurella]]'' species
|[[Pasteurellosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Head louse|Pediculus humanus capitis]]''
|[[Pediculosis capitis]] (Head lice)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Body louse|Pediculus humanus corporis]]''
|[[Pediculosis corporis]] (Body lice)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Crab louse|Pthirus pubis]]''
|[[Pediculosis pubis]] (pubic lice, crab lice)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| multiple
|[[Pelvic inflammatory disease]] (PID)
|Based on symptoms, [[ultrasound]], [[laparoscopic surgery]]
|Typical regimens include [[cefoxitin]] or [[cefotetan]] plus [[doxycycline]], and [[clindamycin]] plus [[gentamicin]].
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Bordetella pertussis]]''
|[[Pertussis]] (whooping cough)
|[[Nasopharyngeal swab]]
|[[erythromycin]], [[clarithromycin]], or [[azithromycin]]
|{{yes|[[DPT vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Yersinia pestis]]''
|[[Plague (disease)|Plague]]
|Finding the bacterium in a lymph node, blood, [[sputum]]
|[[Gentamicin]] and a [[fluoroquinolone]]
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''
|[[Pneumococcal infection]]
|Culture
|[[cephalosporins]], and fluoroquinolones such as [[levofloxacin]] and [[moxifloxacin]]
|{{yes|[[Pneumococcal vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Pneumocystis jirovecii]]''
|[[Pneumocystis pneumonia]] (PCP)
|[[chest X-ray]] and an [[Arterial blood gas|arterial oxygen level]]
|[[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]]
|{{No}}
|-
| multiple
|[[Pneumonia]]
|Based on symptoms, [[chest X-ray]]
|[[Antibiotic]]s, [[antiviral]]s, [[oxygen therapy]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Poliovirus]]
|[[Poliomyelitis]]
|Finding the virus in the [[feces]] or [[antibodies]] in the blood
|[[supportive care]]
|{{yes|[[Polio vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Prevotella]]'' species
|''[[Prevotella]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|usually ''[[Naegleria fowleri]]''
|[[Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]] (PAM)
|flagellation test
|[[Miltefosine]], [[fluconazole]], [[amphotericin B]], [[posaconazole]], [[voriconazole]], [[targeted temperature management]]
|{{No}}
|-
| [[JC virus]]
|[[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]]
|finding JC virus [[DNA]] in [[Cerebrospinal fluid|spinal fluid]], brain CT
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Chlamydophila psittaci]]''
| [[Psittacosis]]
|Culture
|[[tetracycline]]s and [[chloramphenicol]]
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Coxiella burnetii]]''
|[[Q fever]]
|Based on serology
|[[doxycycline]], [[tetracycline]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[ciprofloxacin]], and [[ofloxacin]]
|{{yes|[[Q fever#Prevention|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Rabies virus]]
|[[Rabies]]
|fluorescent antibody test (FAT)
|Supportive care
|{{yes|[[Rabies vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Borrelia hermsii]]'', ''[[Borrelia recurrentis]]'', and other ''[[Borrelia]]'' species
| [[Relapsing fever]]
|blood smear
|[[Tetracycline]]-class antibiotics
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Respiratory syncytial virus]] (RSV)
|[[Respiratory syncytial virus]] infection
|A variety of laboratory tests
|Treatment for RSV infection is focused primarily on supportive care.
|{{partial|[[Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lindell|first1=D. M.|last2=Morris|first2=S. B.|last3=White|first3=M. P.|last4=Kallal|first4=L. E.|last5=Lundy|first5=P. K.|last6=Hamouda|first6=T.|last7=Baker|first7=J. R.|last8=Lukacs|first8=N. W.|year=2011|editor1-last=Semple|editor1-first=Malcolm Gracie|title=A Novel Inactivated Intranasal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Promotes Viral Clearance without Th2 Associated Vaccine-Enhanced Disease|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=7|pages=e21823|bibcode=2011PLoSO...621823L|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0021823|pmc=3137595|pmid=21789184|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Rhinosporidium seeberi]]''
| [[Rhinosporidiosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Rhinovirus]]
|[[Rhinovirus]] infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Rickettsia]]'' species
| [[Rickettsia]]l infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Rickettsia akari]]''
|[[Rickettsialpox]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Rift Valley fever]] virus
|[[Rift Valley fever]] (RVF)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Rickettsia rickettsii]]''
| [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]] (RMSF)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Rotavirus]]
|[[Rotavirus]] infection
|
|
|{{yes|[[Rotavirus vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| [[Rubella virus]]
| [[Rubella]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Rubella vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Salmonella]]'' species
| [[Salmonellosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[SARS coronavirus]]
|[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS)
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jiang|first1=S.|last2=Lu|first2=L.|last3=Du|first3=L.|year=2013|title=Development of SARS vaccines and therapeutics is still needed|journal=Future Virology|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–2|doi=10.2217/fvl.12.126|pmc=7079997|pmid=32201503}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sarcoptes scabiei]]''
| [[Scabies]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|Group A ''[[Streptococcus]]'' species
|[[Scarlet fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Schistosoma]]'' species
|[[Schistosomiasis]]
|
|
|{{partial|[[Schistosomiasis vaccine|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Siddiqui|first1=A. A.|last2=Siddiqui|first2=B. A.|last3=Ganley-Leal|first3=L.|year=2011|title=Schistosomiasis vaccines|journal=Human Vaccines|volume=7|issue=11|pages=1192–1197|doi=10.4161/hv.7.11.17017|pmc=3323497|pmid=22048120}}</ref>
|-
| multiple
|[[Sepsis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Shigella]]'' species
|[[Shigellosis]] (bacillary dysentery)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|[[Varicella zoster virus|Varicella zoster virus (VZV)]]
|[[Shingles]] (Herpes zoster)
|
|
|{{yes|[[Shingles vaccine|Yes]]}}<ref>{{citation-attribution|1={{cite book | publisher = U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | title = Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases | veditors = Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S | edition = 13th | location = Washington D.C. | year = 2015 | chapter = Chapter 22: Varicella | chapter-url = https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/varicella.html | isbn = 978-0990449119 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html | first1=Adriana | last1=Lopez | first2=Theresa | last2=Harrington | first3=Mona | last3=Marin | name-list-style=vanc }}}}</ref>
|-
|[[Variola major]] or Variola minor
|[[Smallpox]] (variola)
|
|
|{{yes|[[Smallpox vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Sporothrix schenckii]]''
| [[Sporotrichosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Staphylococcus]]'' species
|[[Staphylococcal food poisoning]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Staphylococcus]]'' species
|[[Staphylococcal infection]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]''
|[[Strongyloidiasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Measles virus]]
|[[Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Measles vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| |''[[Treponema pallidum]]''
| [[Bejel]], [[Syphilis]], and [[Yaws]]
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cullen|first1=P. A.|last2=Cameron|first2=C. E.|year=2006|title=Progress towards an effective syphilis vaccine: The past, present and future|journal=Expert Review of Vaccines|volume=5|issue=1|pages=67–80|doi=10.1586/14760584.5.1.67|pmid=16451109|s2cid=31534855}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Taenia (flatworm)|Taenia]]'' species
|[[Taeniasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Clostridium tetani]]''
|[[Tetanus]] (lockjaw)
|
|
|{{yes|[[DPT vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|[[Tick-borne encephalitis virus]] (TBEV)
|[[Tick-borne encephalitis]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
| usually ''[[Trichophyton]]'' species
|[[Tinea barbae]] (barber's itch)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Trichophyton tonsurans]]''
|[[Tinea capitis]] (ringworm of the scalp)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Trichophyton]]'' species
|[[Tinea corporis]] (ringworm of the body)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Epidermophyton floccosum]]'', ''[[Trichophyton rubrum]]'', and ''[[Trichophyton mentagrophytes]]''
|[[Tinea cruris]] (Jock itch)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Trichophyton rubrum]]''
|[[Tinea manum]] (ringworm of the hand)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Hortaea werneckii]]''
|[[Tinea nigra]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Trichophyton]]'' species
|[[Athlete's foot|Tinea pedis]] (athlete's foot)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Trichophyton]]'' species
|[[Onychomycosis|Tinea unguium]] (onychomycosis)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Malassezia]]'' species
|[[Tinea versicolor]] (Pityriasis versicolor)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' or ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''
|[[Toxic shock syndrome]] (TSS)
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Guilherme|first1=L.|last2=Ferreira|first2=F. M.|last3=Köhler|first3=K. F.|last4=Postol|first4=E.|last5=Kalil|first5=J.|year=2013|title=A Vaccine against Streptococcus pyogenes|journal=American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–4|doi=10.1007/s40256-013-0005-8|pmid=23355360|s2cid=13071864|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bagnoli|first1=F.|last2=Bertholet|first2=S.|last3=Grandi|first3=G.|year=2012|title=Inferring Reasons for the Failure of Staphylococcus aureus Vaccines in Clinical Trials|journal=Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology|volume=2|page=16|doi=10.3389/fcimb.2012.00016|pmc=3417391|pmid=22919608|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Toxocara canis]]'' or ''[[Toxocara cati]]''
|[[Toxocariasis]] (ocular larva migrans (OLM))
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Toxocara canis]]'' or ''[[Toxocara cati]]''
|[[Toxocariasis]] (visceral larva migrans (VLM))
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''
|[[Toxoplasmosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]]''
|[[Trachoma]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Trichinella spiralis]]''
|[[Trichinosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]''
|[[Trichomoniasis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Trichuris trichiura]]''
|[[Trichuriasis]] (whipworm infection)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| usually ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''
|[[Tuberculosis]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Francisella tularensis]]''
|[[Tularemia]]
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Conlan|first1=J. W.|year=2011|title=Tularemia vaccines: Recent developments and remaining hurdles|journal=Future Microbiology|volume=6|issue=4|pages=391–405|doi=10.2217/fmb.11.22|pmid=21526941}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica]], [[serovar]] typhi''
|[[Typhoid fever]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Typhoid vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|''[[Rickettsia]]''
|[[Typhus fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]''
| ''[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|  ''[[Coccidioides immitis]]'' or ''[[Coccidioides posadasii]]''.<ref name="Baron">{{cite book |vauthors=Walsh TJ, Dixon DM | title =  Spectrum of Mycoses. ''In:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology| editor = Baron S| display-editors = etal| edition = 4th | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.4006 (via NCBI Bookshelf)] | isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
|[[Valley fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus]]
|[[Venezuelan equine encephalitis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Guanarito virus]]
| [[Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Vibrio vulnificus]]''
|[[Vibrio vulnificus|Vibrio vulnificus infection]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus]]''
|[[Vibrio parahaemolyticus|Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| multiple viruses
|[[Viral pneumonia]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[West Nile virus]]
|[[West Nile virus|West Nile fever]]
|
|
|{{partial|[[West Nile virus#Research|Under research]]}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hall|first1=R. A.|last2=Khromykh|first2=A. A.|year=2004|title=West Nile virus vaccines|journal=Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy|volume=4|issue=8|pages=1295–1305|doi=10.1517/14712598.4.8.1295|pmid=15268663|s2cid=34176756}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Trichosporon beigelii]]''
| [[White piedra]] (tinea blanca)
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
|''[[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]]''
| ''[[Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]]'' infection
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]''
|[[Yersiniosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| [[Yellow fever virus]]
|[[Yellow fever]]
|
|
|{{yes|[[Yellow fever vaccine|Yes]]}}
|-
|[[Zeaspora|Zeaspora fungus]]
| [[Zeaspora]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|-
| ''[[Zika virus]]''
|[[Zika fever]]
|
|
|{{partial|Under research}}<ref name="time1">{{cite magazine|last=Sifferlin |first= Alexandra|date=21 January 2016|title=U.S. Launches 'Full-court Press' for a Zika Vaccine|magazine=Time|url=https://time.com/4188973/zika-virus-vaccine-nih/|access-date=23 January 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Mucorales]] order (Mucormycosis) and [[Entomophthorales]] order (Entomophthoramycosis)
| [[Zygomycosis]]
|
|
|{{No}}
|}