Editing Libya (section)

== Etymology ==
{{anchor|Etymology}}<!-- linked -->{{further|Ancient Libya|Libu}}

[[File:Archaeological Site of Sabratha-108976.jpg|thumb|left|Archaeological site of [[Sabratha]], Libya]]
The origin of the name "Libya" first appeared in an inscription of [[Ramesses II]], written as ''[[wikt:rbw|rbw]]'' in hieroglyphic. The name derives from a generalized identity given to a large confederacy of ancient east "Libyan" [[Berbers]], [[North African]] people(s) and tribes who lived around the lush regions of [[Cyrenaica]] and [[Marmarica]]. An army of 40,000 men<ref name="3.8 MERENPTAH (1236-1230 BC)">{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Peter |title=HSC Ancient History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vhs2_vi4Yc0C&q=King+meryey&pg=PA72 |year=2006 |publisher=Pascal Press |isbn=9781741251784 |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-date=31 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531052740/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vhs2_vi4Yc0C&q=King+meryey&pg=PA72 |url-status=live }}</ref> and a confederacy of tribes known as "Great Chiefs of the [[Libu]]" were led by King [[Meryey]] who fought a war against [[pharaoh]] [[Merneptah]] in year 5 (1208 BCE). This conflict was mentioned in the [[Great Karnak Inscription]] in the western delta during the 5th and 6th years of his reign and resulted in a defeat for Meryey. According to the [[Great Karnak Inscription]], the military alliance comprised the [[Meshwesh]], the [[Lukka]], and the "Sea Peoples" known as the [[Ekwesh]], [[Sea Peoples|Teresh]], [[Shekelesh]], and the [[Sherden]].

The Great Karnak Inscription reads:
{{Blockquote|"... the third season, saying: 'The wretched, fallen chief of Libya, Meryey, son of Ded, has fallen upon the country of Tehenu with his bowmen — Sherden, Shekelesh, Ekwesh, Lukka, Teresh. Taking the best of every warrior and every man of war of his country. He has brought his wife and his children — leaders of the camp, and he has reached the western boundary in the fields of Perire."}}
The name "Libya" was brought back into use in 1903 by Italian geographer Federico Minutilli. It was intended to supplant terms applied to [[Ottoman Tripolitania]], the coastal region of what is today Libya, having been ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911 as the Eyalet of Tripolitania.<ref name="be177">"Bibliografia della Libia"; [[#Bertarelli|Bertarelli]], p. 177.</ref>

Libya gained independence in 1951 as the [[Kingdom of Libya|United Libyan Kingdom]] ({{lang|ar|المملكة الليبية المتحدة}} ''{{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah al-Muttaḥidah}}''), changing its name to the Kingdom of Libya ({{lang|ar|المملكة الليبية}} ''{{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah}}''), literally "Libyan Kingdom", in 1963.<ref>Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1987), [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ly0036) "Independent Libya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321121614/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ly0036) |date=21 March 2022 }}, ''U.S. Library of Congress''. Retrieved 14 July 2006.</ref> Following a coup d'état led by [[Muammar Gaddafi]] in 1969, the name of the state was changed to the Libyan Arab Republic ({{lang|ar|الجمهورية العربية الليبية}} ''{{transliteration|ar|al-Jumhūriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah}}''). The official name was "Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" from 1977 to 1986 ({{lang|ar|الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية}}), and "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya"<ref name="name">{{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9093369&fid=3769&c=libya |title=Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Libya |work=Geographical Names |access-date=1 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118153704/http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=9093369&fid=3769&c=libya |archive-date=18 January 2012  }}</ref> ({{lang|ar|الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية العظمى}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6485614&fid=3784&c=libya |title=الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية: Libya |work=Geographical Names |access-date=26 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724133149/http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6485614&fid=3784&c=libya |archive-date=24 July 2014  }}</ref> ''{{transliteration|ar|al-Jamāhīriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah ash-Sha'biyyah al-Ishtirākiyyah al-'Udmá}}'' <small>{{Audio|Al-Jamahiriyyah al-Arabiyyah al-Libiyyah ash-shabiyyah al-Ishtirakiyyah al-Udhma.ogg|listen}}</small>) from 1986 to 2011.

The [[National Transitional Council]], established in 2011, referred to the state as simply "Libya". The UN formally recognized the country as "Libya" in September 2011<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unterm.un.org |title=United Nations interoffice memorandum dated 16 September 2011 from Desmond Parker, Chief of Protocol, to Shaaban M. Shaaban, Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, attaching memorandum from Stadler Trengove, Senior Legal Officer |publisher=[[United Nations Multilingual Terminology Database|United Nations]] |date=16 September 2011 |access-date=5 February 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122071953/http://unterm.un.org/ |archive-date=22 January 2013  }}</ref> based on a request from the Permanent Mission of Libya citing the [[Libyan interim Constitutional Declaration]] of 3 August 2011. In November 2011, the [[ISO 3166-1]] was altered to reflect the new country name "Libya" in English, ''"Libye (la)"'' in French.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/nl_vi-11_name_change_for_libya.pdf |access-date=13 December 2011 |date=8 November 2011 |title=ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-11: Name change for Libya |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117170551/http://www.iso.org/iso/nl_vi-11_name_change_for_libya.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012  }}</ref>

In December 2017 the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations informed the United Nations that the country's official name was henceforth the "State of Libya"; "Libya" remained the official short form, and the country continued to be listed under "L" in alphabetical lists.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unterm.un.org/UNTERM/Display/Record/UNHQ/NA/fd428e58-b85e-4d39-81a8-896368359dd5 |access-date=5 January 2018 |title="State of Libya" in UNTERM (United Nations terminology database) |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233707/https://unterm.un.org/UNTERM/Display/Record/UNHQ/NA/fd428e58-b85e-4d39-81a8-896368359dd5 |archive-date=5 January 2018  }}</ref>