Editing Lepsius Standard Alphabet (section)

==Vowels==
Vowel length is indicated by a [[Macron (diacritic)|macron]] (''ā'') or a [[breve]] (''ă'') for long and short vowels, respectively. [[Open vowel]]s are marked by a line under the letter (''e̱''), while a dot below the letter makes it a [[close vowel]] (''ẹ''). [[Roundedness|Rounded]] [[front vowel]]s are written with an [[umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]] (''ö'' {{IPA|[ø]}} and ''ü'' {{IPA|[y]}}), either on top or below, when the space above the letter is needed for vowel length marks (thus ''ṳ̄'' or ''ṳ̆''). Unrounded back vowels are indicated by a 'hook' ([[ogonek]]<!--cf. Americanist typefaces of the era, with the same shape for nasal vowels-->) on ''ę'' or ''į''. [[Central vowel]]s may be written as one of these series, or as reduced vowels.

As in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], nasal vowels get a [[tilde]] (''ã'').

A small circle below a letter is used to mark both the [[schwa]] (''e̥'', also ''ḁ'' etc. for other reduced vowels) and [[syllabic consonant]]s (''r̥'' or ''l̥'', for instance).

[[Diphthong]]s do not receive any special marking, they are simply juxtaposed (''ai'' {{IPA|[ai̯]}}). A short sign can be used to distinguish which element of the diphthong is the on- or off-glide (''uĭ, ŭi''). Vowels in hiatus can be indicated with a [[Diaeresis (diacritic)|diaeresis]] when necessary (''aï'' {{IPA|[a.i]}}).

Other vowels are ''a'' with a subscript ''e'' for {{IPAblink|æ}}; ''a'' with a subscript ''o'' for {{IPAblink|ɒ}}, and ''o̩'' for {{IPAblink|ʌ}} or maybe {{IPAblink|ɐ}}. The English syllabic {{IPAblink|ɝ}} is ''ṙ̥''.

Word stress is marked with an acute accent on a long vowel (''á'') and with a grave accent on a short vowel (''à'').

Klemp (p.&nbsp;56*–58*) interprets the values of Lepsius's vowels as follows:

{| class="wikitable Unicode"
|- align=center
| a [a ~ ɑ]
|- align=center
| ą [æ] &nbsp; o̗ [ʌ] &nbsp; ḁ [ɒ]
|- align=center
| e̠ [ɛ] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o̤̠ [œ] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o̠ [ɔ]
|- align=center
| e [e̞] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ę [ɜ] &nbsp; &nbsp; o̤ [ø̞] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o [o̞]
|- align=center
| ẹ [e] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o̤̣ [ø] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ọ [o]
|- align=center
| i [i] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; į [ɨ ~ ɯ] &nbsp; &nbsp; ṳ [y] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; u [u]
|}