Editing Latin hip-hop (section)

==Latin hip hop in the United States==
===West Coast===
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, most Latin rap came from New York and the West Coast of the United States. Due to the heaviest Puerto Rican migration to New York City in the '50s, during the '70s, the birth of Latin Hip-Hop involved Latinos from the Caribbean island. Early Hip-Hop from the United States had a signicant influence on early [[Puerto Rican Hip-Hop]] pioneers such as [[Ruben DJ]], [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ%20Negro DJ Negro], and [[Vico C|Vico-C]].<ref>[https://medium.com/@concs844/puerto-rican-underground-hip-hop-meets-reggae-8bdbdec9076a Puerto Rican Underground] medium.com Retrieved 16 May 2024</ref>

[[Mellow Man Ace]], from [[Cuba]], was the first Latino artist to have a major bilingual single, the 1989 track "[[Mentirosa (Mellow Man Ace song)|Mentirosa]]". This song went platinum, leading Mellow Man Ace to be described as the "Godfather of Latin rap" and inducted into the Hip Hop Hall of Fame inductee. In 1990, fellow West Coast artist [[Frost (rapper)|Kid Frost]] further brought Latinos to the rap forefront with his hit song "[[La Raza (song)]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gold |first=Jonathan |date=August 20, 1990 |title=Kid Frost: Political Rap for Chicano Solidarity Pop music: His hit La Raza ・・|newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/281058443| access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref> In 1991, Kid Frost, Mellow Man, [[A.L.T.]] and several other Latin rappers formed the rap super group [[Latin Alliance]] and released a self-titled album which featured the hit "Lowrider (On the Boulevard)". The remake of the song [[Tequila (Champs song)|Tequila]] was a A.L.T. hit later that year. [[Cypress Hill]], of which Mellow Man Ace was a member before going solo, would become the first Latino rap group to reach platinum status in 1991. The group was also the first major hip-hop music group to include [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and Latin slang in their lyrics. Cypress Hill gained hit "Insane in the Brain"(1993) and Platinum record.<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Cypress Hill|title=Insane in the Brain | access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref> Ecuadorian-born American rapper [[Gerardo Mejía|Gerardo]] received heavy rotation on video and radio for his single [[Rico Suave (song)|Rico Suave]]. While commercially watered-down, his album enjoyed a status of being one of the first mainstream Spanglish CDs on the market. [[Johnny J]] was a multi-platinum songwriter, music producer, and rapper who was perhaps best known for his production on [[Tupac Shakur]]'s albums [[All Eyez on Me]] and [[Me Against the World]].<ref name="ALLMUSIC">[{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p205415/credits|pure_url=yes}} allmusic Credits]</ref> He also produced the 1990 single [[Knockin' Boots (Candyman song)|Knockin' Boots]] for his classmate [[Candyman (rapper)|Candyman]]'s album ''[[Ain't No Shame in My Game]]'', which eventually went platinum thanks to the single.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=candyman&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152404/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=candyman&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25|url-status=dead|title=RIAA Database| website=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] |archive-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> [[N2Deep]], A Lighter Shade of Brown, [[Proper Dos]], and [[Slow Pain]] were popular in latin rap scene.

In the mid-1990s, the success of LA's [[Cypress Hill]] led to additional Latin hip-hop artists finding label support. [[Delinquent Habits]] were a horn-sampling trio that found MTV support for their breakout bilingual single "[[Tres Delinquentes]]" in 1996. By the early 2000's, two Mexico-born, United States-raised Latin hip hop acts found success on major labels. LA's [[Akwid]] fused banda with hip-hop on hits like "No Hay Manera" while Milwaukee's [[Kinto Sol]] told tales of Mexican immigrant life over more minimalist beats. Mr.Criminal, Mr.Capone-E, Mr.Knightowl, Ms.Krazie, Charlie Row Campo and Mr.Sancho released latin and Chicano rap CDs.<ref>[https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mr-sancho-mn0000618951 Mr. Sancho] AllMusic. 17 May 2024</ref>

===East Coast===
[[DJ Charlie Chase]] fused hip-hop with [[Salsa music|salsa]] and other music genres. Chase was the DJ for the New York hip-hop group [[the Cold Crush Brothers]], from 1978 and through the '80s.<ref>Roberts, Ed. "Cold Crush Brothers." [http://www.oldschoolhiphop.com/artists/emcees/coldcrushbrothers.htm Oldschoolhiphop.Com.] Oldschoolhiphop.com. Retrieved 16 May 2024</ref> East Coast Latin artists such as the [[Beatnuts]] emerged in the early 1990s, with New Jersey native [[Chino XL]] earning recognition for his lyricism and equal controversy for his subject matter. In 1992, Mesanjarz of Funk, led by the Spanish/English flow of Mr. Pearl, became the first Spanish rap group signed to a major label (Atlantic Records).  In 1994, Platinum Producer and DJ [[Frankie Cutlass]] used his own label, Hoody Records, to produce his single “Puerto Rico” which became a classic. In the late 1990s, Puerto Rican rapper [[Big Pun|Big Punisher]] became the first Latino solo artist to reach platinum sales for an LP with his debut album ''[[Capital Punishment (Big Pun album)|Capital Punishment]]'', which included hit song "[[Still Not a Player]]". The genre even spawned a bicultural novelty, the Brooklyn-based crew [[Hip Hop Hoodíos]], who fused their dual Jewish and Latino cultures on songs like "Havana Nagila" and "Raza Hoodía."

===South and Midwest===
Latin rap (as well as its subgenre of [[Chicano rap]]) has thrived along the West Coast, Southwest and Midwestern states with little promotion due to the large Latino populations of those regions. [[Jonny Z]] is considered to be a pioneer of Latin hip-hop, due to him being one of the first Latinos combining Spanglish lyrics with freestyle, salsa, mambo, and regional Mexican banda. He scored four Billboard Hot Dance singles between 1993 and 1997, including one of the greatest [[Miami bass]] songs of all time, "Shake Shake (Shake That Culo)". Besides bass music, he also recorded the Chicano anthem "Orale". ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States'' Volume 2, Page 301 states: "A new style of Latina and Latino hip-hop was created in Miami and Texas by the bass rappers [[DJ Laz]] and [[Jonny Z]], who mixed Latin styles with bass music".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYwRAQAAMAAJ&q=Latino+hip-hop |title=The Oxford encyclopedia of Latinos and Latinas in the United States - Suzanne Oboler, Deena J. González - Google Books |date=2005-08-25 |isbn=9780195156003 |access-date=2018-01-17|last1=Oboler |first1=Suzanne |last2=González |first2=Deena J. |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>