Editing Laparoscopy (section)

==Types of laparoscopes==
[[File:gallbladderop.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cholecystectomy]] as seen through a laparoscope. Clockwise from the top left, the text reads: '[[Gallbladder]]', '[[Cystic artery]]', 'In bag coming out,' and [[Cystic duct]].]]
There are two types of laparoscope:<ref>{{cite book | title = Mastery of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery | veditors = Stephen W, Eubanks S, Lee L, Swanstrom LL, Soper NJ | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | edition = 2nd | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0781744454}}</ref>

# A telescopic rod [[lens (optics)|lens]] system, usually connected to a [[video camera]] (single-chip [[Charge-coupled device|CCD]] or [[Three-CCD|three-chip CCD]])
# A digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system

The mechanism mentioned in the second type is mainly used to improve the image quality of flexible endoscopes, replacing conventional [[fiberscope]]s. Nevertheless, laparoscopes are rigid endoscopes. Rigidity is required in clinical practice. The rod-lens-based laparoscopes dominate overwhelmingly in practice, due to their fine optical resolution (50&nbsp;μm typically, dependent on the aperture size used in the objective lens), and the image quality can be better than that of the digital camera if necessary. The second type of laparoscope is very rare in the laparoscope market and in hospitals.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

Also attached is a [[fiber optic]] cable system connected to a "cold" light source ([[Halogen lamp|halogen]] or [[xenon arc lamp|xenon]]) to illuminate the operative field, which is inserted through a 5&nbsp;mm or 10&nbsp;mm [[cannula]] or [[trocar]]. The [[abdomen]] is usually [[Insufflation (medicine)|insufflated]] with [[carbon dioxide]] gas as the safety, harms, and benefits of other gasses (e.g., helium, argon, nitrogen, nitrous oxide, and room air) is uncertain.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yang |first=Xudong |last2=Cheng |first2=Yao |last3=Cheng |first3=Nansheng |last4=Gong |first4=Jianping |last5=Bai |first5=Lian |last6=Zhao |first6=Longshuan |last7=Deng |first7=Yilei |date=2022-03-15 |editor-last=Cochrane Colorectal Group |title=Gases for establishing pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic abdominal surgery |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD009569.pub4 |journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |language=en |volume=2022 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009569.pub4 |pmc=8921952 |pmid=35288930}}</ref> This elevates the abdominal wall above the internal organs to create a working and viewing space. CO<sub>2</sub> is used because it is common to the human body and can be absorbed by tissue and removed by the respiratory system. It is also non-flammable, which is important because electrosurgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.gfmer.ch/Books/Endoscopy_book/Ch07_Training_Lap.html |title=Training in diagnostic laparoscopy |publisher=Gfmer.ch |access-date=10 October 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210530/http://www.gfmer.ch/Books/Endoscopy_book/Ch07_Training_Lap.html |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>