Editing Laon (section)

==History==

===Early history===
The [[Ancient Diocese of Laon]], which rises a hundred metres above the otherwise flat [[Picardy]] plain,<ref>
{{cite web
|url= http://www.french-at-a-touch.com/French_Regions/Picardie/picardie_town_information_ii.htm
|title= Picardy Town Information
|access-date= 11 December 2009
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100103224830/http://french-at-a-touch.com/French_Regions/Picardie/picardie_town_information_ii.htm
|archive-date= 3 January 2010
|url-status= dead
}}
</ref> has always held strategic importance. In the time of [[Julius Caesar]] there was a Gallic village named Bibrax where the [[Remi]]s (inhabitants of the country round [[Rheims|Reims]]) had to meet the onset of the confederated [[Belgae]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Goldsworthy|first=Adrian|title=Caesar: The Life of a Colossus|year=2007|page=290}}.</ref> Whatever may have been the precise locality of that battlefield, Laon was fortified by the Romans, and successively checked the invasions of the [[Franks]], [[Burgundians]], [[Vandals]], [[Alans]] and [[Huns]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=190}} At that time it was known as ''Alaudanum'' or ''Lugdunum Clavatum''.

Archbishop [[Saint Remigius|Remigius]] of [[Archbishopric of Reims|Reims]], who baptised [[Clovis I|Clovis]], was born in the Laonnais, and it was he who, at the end of the fifth century, instituted the [[Ancient Diocese of Laon|bishopric of Laon]]. Thenceforward Laon was one of the principal towns of the kingdom of the Franks, and the possession of it was often disputed. [[Charles the Bald]] had enriched its church with the gift of very numerous domains.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=190}} In about 847 the Irish philosopher [[John Scotus Eriugena]] appeared at the court of Charles the Bald, and was appointed head of the palace school. Eriugena spent the rest of his days in France, probably at Paris and Laon.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05519a.htm "John Scotus Eriugena"] in [[New Advent]].</ref>

Laon was the principal city of the late Carolingian kings of France, beginning with [[Louis IV of France|Louis IV]].  After the fall of the [[Carolingian dynasty|Carolingians]], Laon took the part of [[Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine|Charles of Lorraine]], their heir, and [[Hugh Capet]] only succeeded in making himself master of the town by the connivance of the bishop, who, in return for this service, was made second ecclesiastical peer of the kingdom.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=190}}

Early in the twelfth century the [[communes of France]] set about emancipating themselves, and the history of the commune of Laon is one of the richest and most varied. [[Anselm of Laon]]'s school for theology and exegesis rapidly became the most famous in Europe. The citizens had profited by a temporary absence of [[Waldric|Bishop Gaudry]] to secure from his representatives a communal charter, but he, on his return, purchased from the [[List of French monarchs|king of France]] the revocation of this document, and recommenced his oppressions. The consequence was a revolt, in which the episcopal palace was burnt and the bishop and several of his partisans were [[Capital punishment|put to death]] on 25 April 1112. The fire spread to [[Laon Cathedral]], and reduced it to ashes. Uneasy at the result of their victory, the rioters went into hiding outside the town, which was anew pillaged by the people of the neighbourhood, eager to avenge the death of their bishop.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=190}}

Thereafter, French monarchs intervened as needed to settle disputes between the bishop and the townspeople until 1331, when the commune was abolished. In the latter stages of the 1337–1453 [[Hundred Years' War]], Laon was captured by [[Philip the Good|Philip, Duke of Burgundy]]; he relinquished control to his English allies, who held it until 1429 when it fell to [[Charles VII of France]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barker |first1=Juliet |title=Conquest: The English Kingdom of France 1417–1450 |date=2010 |publisher=Abacus |isbn=978-0349122021 |page=[https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/127 127] |url=https://archive.org/details/conquestenglishk0000bark/page/127 }}</ref> The [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]] used the town as a base during the [[French Wars of Religion]]; it was retaken by the former [[Huguenot]] [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] in August 1594.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sutherland |first1=Nicola Mary |title=Henry IV of France and the Politics of Religion: 1572–1596 Volume II |date=1982 |publisher=Elm Bank |isbn=978-1841508467 |page=535 |edition=2002}}</ref>

===Modern history===
At the [[French Revolution|Revolution]] (1789) Laon permanently lost its rank as a bishopric. During the campaign of 1814, [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] tried in vain to dislodge [[Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher|Blücher]] and [[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow|Bülow]] from it in the [[Battle of Laon]].<ref name=cne>{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Laon}}</ref>

In 1870, during the [[Franco-Prussian War]], an engineer blew up the powder magazine of the citadel at the moment when the German troops were entering the town. Many people died; and the cathedral and the old episcopal palace were damaged.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=190}} It surrendered to a German force on 9 September 1870.<ref name=cne/>

In the fall of 1914, during [[World War I]], German forces captured the town and held it until the Allied offensive in the summer of 1918.<ref name=cne/>