Editing Lani Guinier (section)

==Early life and career==
Carol Lani Guinier was born on April 19, 1950, in New York City, to Eugenia "Genii" Paprin and [[Ewart Guinier]].<ref name="conauth"><!-- 
 -->{{Cite book|editor-last1=Peacock|editor-first1=Scot|title=Contemporary Authors|title-link=Contemporary Authors|volume=158|year=1998|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]|isbn=0-7876-1185-9|oclc=37926306|pages=[[iarchive:contemporaryauth00roon/page/153/mode/1up|153–156]]|issn=0010-7468}}</ref><ref name="lee1996"><!-- 
 -->{{Cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Margaret C.|chapter=Lani Guinier (1950–)|editor-last1=Smith|editor-first1=Jessie Carney|title=Notable Black American Women|year=1996|publisher=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]|isbn=0-8103-4749-0|oclc=24468213|volume=2|pages=[[iarchive:notableblackamer00jess/page/261/mode/1up|261–263]]}}</ref><ref name="globeobit"/> Ewart, who was born in [[Panama]] to Jamaican parents and raised in [[Panama]] and [[Boston]], was one of two black students admitted to [[Harvard College]] in 1929. He was forced to drop out in 1931, unable to afford school after he was excluded from financial aid and campus housing, but he ultimately returned to Harvard as a professor and the first chair of the [[Afro-American]] Studies Department in 1969.<ref name=":0"><!-- 
 -->{{cite book|last=Guinier|first=Lani|title=Lift Every Voice: Turning a Civil Rights Setback into a New Vision of Social Justice|date=March 7, 2003|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=0743253515|pages=58–59|orig-year=1998}}</ref><!-- 
 --> Paprin, an Ashkenazi-Jewish civil-rights activist, graduated from [[Hunter College]] in 1939.<ref name=":1"><!--
 -->{{Cite news|last=Newman|first=Maria|date=June 2, 1994|title=Commencements; Lani Guinier at Hunter: 'Silence Is Not Golden'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/02/nyregion/commencements-lani-guinier-at-hunter-silence-is-not-golden.html|access-date=January 7, 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227062100/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/02/nyregion/commencements-lani-guinier-at-hunter-silence-is-not-golden.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Guinier's parents met in [[Hawaii Territory]], where each was a member of the [[Communist Party of Hawaii]] and of the Hawaii Civil Rights Congress. Guinier's father was also a national officer for the [[United Public Workers of America]], a [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) union.<ref>{{Cite book|last=United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress|title=Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary|date=January 1957|pages=2670}}</ref> Her uncle was real estate developer and social activist [[Maurice Paprin]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Congressional Record (Bound Edition), Volume 151 (2005), Part 20 - IN MEMORY OF MAURICE S. PAPRIN: NEW YORK REAL ESTATE DEVELOPER AND ADVOCATE, EDUCATOR AND PROMOTER OF SOCIAL WELFARE|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CRECB-2005-pt20/html/CRECB-2005-pt20-Pg27629.htm|access-date=January 8, 2022|website=www.govinfo.gov}}</ref> Guinier moved with her family to [[Hollis, Queens]], in 1956.<ref>Guinier, Lani. [https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/02/13/the-two-or-more-races-dilemma/identity-and-demography "Identity and Demography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213171946/https://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/02/13/the-two-or-more-races-dilemma/identity-and-demography |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 25, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2019. "When my family moved to Hollis, Queens in 1956, the neighborhood changed with our arrival."</ref>

Guinier said that she wanted to be a civil rights lawyer since she was twelve years old,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Schudel|first=Matt|date=January 11, 2022|title=Law professor's Justice Dept. nomination became a Clinton-era controversy|page=B6|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://washingtonpost.com|access-date=January 11, 2022}}</ref> after she watched on television as [[Constance Baker Motley]] helped escort [[James Meredith]], the first black American to enroll in the [[University of Mississippi]].<ref name="ldf women">[http://www.thedefendersonline.com/2009/03/31/balancing-race-and-gender-ldf-women-pioneers/ "Balancing Race and Gender: LDF Women Pioneers"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317070146/http://www.thedefendersonline.com/2009/03/31/balancing-race-and-gender-ldf-women-pioneers/ |date=March 17, 2012 }}, ''The Defenders Online'', March 31, 2009</ref> After graduating third in her class from [[Andrew Jackson High School (Queens)|Andrew Jackson High School]], Guinier earned her B.A. from [[Radcliffe College]] of [[Harvard University]] in 1971 and her [[Juris Doctor|J.D.]] degree from [[Yale Law School]] in 1974. She clerked for Judge [[Damon Keith]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]], then served as special assistant to [[United States Assistant Attorney General|Assistant Attorney General]] [[Drew S. Days, III|Drew S. Days]] in the [[United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division|Civil Rights Division]] during the [[Carter Administration]].<ref name=":3"><!--
 -->{{Cite web |url=https://helios.law.harvard.edu/Public/Faculty/Cv.aspx?i=10344 |title=Lani Guinier, CV |access-date=January 8, 2022 |archive-date=April 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421235337/https://helios.law.harvard.edu/Public/Faculty/Cv.aspx?i=10344 |url-status=live }}</ref> She was admitted to the [[District of Columbia Bar]] in 1981, and after [[Ronald Reagan]] took office, she joined the [[NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund]] (LDF) as an assistant counsel, eventually becoming head of its Voting Rights project.<ref name="ldf women" /> She was a highly successful litigator for LDF, winning 31 of the 32 cases she argued.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=January 7, 2022|title=LDF Mourns the Passing of Trailblazing Harvard Law Professor and Voting Rights Defender Lani Guinier|url=https://www.naacpldf.org/press-release/ldf-mourns-the-passing-of-trailblazing-harvard-law-professor-and-voting-rights-defender-lani-guinier/|website=NAACP Legal Defense Fund}}</ref> She also worked on the successful extension of the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965|Voting Rights Act]] in 1982.<ref name=":4" />