Editing Land mine (section)

==Definition==
The Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (also known as the [[Ottawa Treaty]]) and the [[Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices]] define a mine as a "munition designed to be placed under, on or near the ground or other surface area and to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle".<ref name=Ottawa>{{cite web |title=Article 2: Definitions |url=https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=86CACEA6721637D541256585003E3003 |website=Treaties, States parties, and Commentaries – Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention, 1997 |publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530175210/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/Article.xsp?action=openDocument&documentId=86CACEA6721637D541256585003E3003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Protocol>{{cite web |title=Protocol on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (Protocol II), Geneva, 10 October 1980. |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/1980d.htm |website=Human Rights Library |publisher=University of Minnesota |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-date=September 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913041936/http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/1980d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar in function is the ''[[booby trap|booby-trap]]'', which the protocol defines as "any device or material which is designed, constructed or adapted to kill or injure and which functions unexpectedly when a person disturbs or approaches an apparently harmless object or performs an apparently safe act".<ref name=Protocol/> Such actions might include opening a door or picking up an object. Normally, mines are [[Mass production|mass-produced]] and placed in groups, while booby traps are improvised and deployed one at a time.<ref name=CrollCh3/> Booby traps can also be non-explosive devices such as [[punji stick]]s.<ref name=Keeley>{{cite journal|last=Keeley |first=Robert |date=2017 |title=Improvised Explosive Devices (IED): A Humanitarian Mine Action Perspective |journal=Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=Article 3 |url=http://commons.lib.jmu.edu/cisr-journal/vol21/iss1/3 |access-date=March 8, 2019}}</ref> Overlapping both categories is the ''[[improvised explosive device]]'' (IED), which is "a device placed or fabricated in an improvised manner incorporating explosive material, destructive, lethal, noxious, incendiary, pyrotechnic materials or chemicals designed to destroy, disfigure, distract or harass. They may incorporate military stores, but are normally devised from non-military components."<ref>{{cite book |chapter=01.40 – Glossary of terms, definitions and abbreviations |title=International Ammunition Technical Guidelines |date=February 1, 2015 |publisher=United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) |page=16 |edition=2nd |url=https://www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/guide-lines/ |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501073642/https://www.un.org/disarmament/un-saferguard/guide-lines/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Some meet the definition of mines or booby traps and are also referred to as "improvised", "artisanal" or "locally manufactured" mines.<ref name=IMASglossary>{{cite book |chapter=Glossary of mine action terms, definitions and abbreviations. Second edition, Amendment 9 |chapter-url=https://www.mineactionstandards.org/fileadmin/MAS/documents/imas-international-standards/english/series-04/IMAS-04-10-Ed2-Am6.pdf |title=International Mine Action Standards |date=November 2018 |publisher=United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) |location=New York, NY |page=20 |url=https://www.mineactionstandards.org |access-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-date=May 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530175204/https://www.mineactionstandards.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other types of IED are remotely activated, so are not considered mines.<ref name=Keeley/>

''Remotely delivered mines'' are dropped from aircraft or carried by devices such as artillery shells or rockets.<ref name=Protocol/> Another type of remotely delivered explosive is the [[cluster munition]], a device that releases several submunitions ("bomblets") over a large area.<ref>{{harvnb|GICHD Guide to Mine Action|pp=16–17}}</ref> The use, transfer, production, and stockpiling of cluster munitions is prohibited by the international [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|CCM treaty]]. If bomblets do not explode, they are referred to as [[Unexploded ordnance|''unexploded ordnance'' (UXO)]], along with unexploded artillery shells and other explosive devices that were not manually placed (that is, mines and booby traps are not UXOs). ''Explosive remnants of war'' (ERW) include UXOs and ''abandoned explosive ordnance'' (AXO), devices that were never used and were left behind after a conflict.<ref name=Protocol/><ref>{{harvnb|GICHD Guide to Mine Action|pp=18}}</ref>