Editing Lancaster, Ohio (section)

== History ==
The earliest known inhabitants of the southeastern and central Ohio region were the [[Hopewell culture|Hopewell]], [[Adena culture|Adena]], and [[Fort Ancient]] Native Americans, of whom little evidence survived, beyond the burial and ceremonial mounds built throughout the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. Many mounds and burial sites have also yielded archaeological artifacts.<ref>Woodward, Susan L., and McDonald, Jerry N., ''Indian mounds of the middle Ohio Valley : a guide to mounds and earthworks of the Adena, Hopewell, Cole, and Fort Ancient people'', University of Nebraska Press, 2002</ref> [[Serpent Mound]] and [[Hopewell Culture National Historical Park]], though not in Fairfield County, are nearby.

Before and immediately after European settlement, the land today comprising Lancaster and Fairfield County was inhabited by the [[Shawnee]], nations of the [[Iroquois]], [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]], and other [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribes. It served as a natural crossroads for the inter- and intra-tribal wars fought at various times.<ref>Garbarino, William M. ''Indian Wars along the Upper Ohio: a history of the Indian Wars and related events along the Upper Ohio and its tributaries'' Midway, Pennsylvania : Midway Pub., c2001.</ref> Frontier explorer [[Christopher Gist]] reached Lancaster's vicinity on January 19, 1751, when he visited the small Delaware town of Hockhocking nearby. Leaving the area the next day, Gist rode southwest to Maguck, another Delaware town near Circleville.

Having been ceded to the United States by Great Britain after the [[American Revolution]] in the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]], the lands north of the [[Ohio River]] and west of the Appalachian Mountains were incorporated into the [[Northwest Territory]] in 1787. White settlers began to encroach on Native American lands in the Northwest Territory. As the new United States government began to cast its eye westward, the stage was set for the series of campaigns that culminated in the [[Battle of Fallen Timbers]] in 1794 and the [[Treaty of Greenville]] in 1795. With pioneer settlement within Ohio made legal and safe from Indian raids, developers began to speculate in land sales in earnest.

Knowing that such speculation, combined with congressional grants of land sections to veterans of the Revolution, could result in a lucrative opportunity, in 1796 [[Ebenezer Zane]] petitioned [[United States Congress|Congress]] to grant him a contract to blaze a trail through Ohio, from [[Wheeling, West Virginia]], to Limestone, Kentucky (near modern [[Maysville, Kentucky]]), a distance of {{convert|266|mi|km}}. As part of the deal, Zane was awarded square-mile tracts of land at the points where his trace crossed the [[Hocking River|Hocking]], [[Muskingum River|Muskingum]], and [[Scioto River|Scioto]] Rivers. [[Zane's Trace]], as it is now known, was completed by 1797. As Zane's sons began to carve the square-mile tract astride the Hocking into saleable plots, the village of Lancaster was founded in 1800. Lancaster antedated the formal establishment of the state of Ohio by three years. Many villages and townships right outside Lancaster, such as [[Lithopolis, Ohio|Lithopolis]], [[Royalton, Ohio|Royalton]], and [[Greencastle, Ohio|Greencastle]], were settled around the same time, which contributed to the village's success.

Initially known as New Lancaster, and later shortened by city ordinance (1805), the town quickly grew; formal incorporation as a city came in 1831. The connection of the [[Hocking Canal]] to the [[Ohio and Erie Canal]] in this era provided a way for the region's rich agricultural produce to reach eastern markets.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

The initial settlers were predominantly [[Germans|German]] immigrants and their descendants, many from [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]]. Ohio's longest continuously operating newspaper, the ''[[Lancaster Eagle-Gazette]]'', was born of a merger of the early ''Ohio Adler'', founded around 1807, with the ''Ohio Gazette'', founded in the 1830s. The two papers were ferocious competitors since they were on opposite sides of the [[American Civil War]]{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}, with the ''Adler'' antislavery and pro-Union. The city also had numerous migrants from the Upper South who sympathized with the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}. The papers merged in 1937, 72 years after the war's end. This was shortly after the ''Gazette'' was acquired by glassmaker [[Anchor-Hocking]]. The newspaper is currently part of the Newspaper Network of Central Ohio, a unit of [[Gannett Company|Gannett Company, Inc]].