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==History== {{more citations needed section|date=August 2019}} [[File:Lakewood Hospital, Lakewood, Ohio (67969).jpg|thumb|The former Lakewood Hospital as depicted {{circa|1930s}}]] ===Establishment=== The area now called Lakewood was populated by the Ottawa, Potawatomi, Chippewa, Wyandot, Munsee, Delaware and Shawnee tribes until the Treaty of Ft. Industry pushed them west in 1805.<ref name="enc">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Miller |first=April |title=Lakewood |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/l/lakewood |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]] |access-date=May 7, 2020 |archive-date=September 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925075912/https://case.edu/ech/articles/l/lakewood |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to the treaty, American settlers were prohibited from moving west of the [[Cuyahoga River]]. The treaty ceded 500,000 acres of some of the tribes' land to the United States for about $18,000 or 3.5 cents/acre. The Shawnee and Seneca, living with the Wyandot, were to get $1000 "...every year forever hereafter."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Erb |first1=Robin |title=1805 Fort Industry treaty entices Toledo historians |journal=The Blade |date=16 November 2003 |url=https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2003/11/16/1805-Fort-Industry-treaty-entices-Toledo-historians/stories/200311160035 |publisher=Block Communications |location=Toledo Ohio |access-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-date=April 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415011515/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2003/11/16/1805-Fort-Industry-treaty-entices-Toledo-historians/stories/200311160035 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1806, the area was formally surveyed as [[Defunct townships of Cuyahoga County, Ohio#Rockport Township|Rockport Township]], Township 7, Range 14, of the [[Connecticut Western Reserve]]. It was purchased from the [[Connecticut Land Company]] by a syndicate of six men headed by [[Judson Canfield]] on April 4, 1807, for $26,084. In 1818, permanent settlement began with the arrival from [[Connecticut]] of James Nicholson.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Murray |first1=Lorraine |title=Lakewood Ohio US |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lakewood-Ohio |website=Britannica.com |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |location=Chicago IL |access-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-date=May 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519194229/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lakewood-Ohio |url-status=live }}</ref> Other early pioneers included Jared Kirtland and Mars Wagar. Settlements were mostly along Detroit Avenue, a toll road operated by the Rockport Plank Company from 1848 to 1901, with large farms and properties extending north to Lake Erie. Making bricks and planting orchards were among the most prolific occupations until natural gas and oil wells were developed in the early 1880s.<ref name="enc"/> By 1819, 18 families lived in Rockport Township. Early settlers sustained their lives through farming. The land was ideal for fruit farming and many vineyards began to emerge.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Becker |first=Thea Gallo |title=Lakewood |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=073852333X |location=Charleston, SC |pages=Introduction, i; 12–13 |language=English}}</ref> Current street names reflect this history such as Orchard Grove and Blossom Park. The most common occupations in Lakewood were farming and the building trades. ===Incorporation and growth=== A toll road was established from [[Cleveland]] to Lakewood by the Rockport Plank Road Company, operating from 1848 to 1901. Lakewood was incorporated as a village in 1889, and named for its lakefront location.<ref>{{cite book|last=Overman|first=William Daniel|title=Ohio Town Names|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015015361465;view=1up;seq=88|year=1958|publisher=Atlantic Press|location=Akron, OH|page=72|access-date=June 15, 2016|archive-date=March 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328023300/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015015361465;view=1up;seq=88|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1893, streetcars came from Cleveland to Lakewood with the construction of the Detroit Avenue line, followed by the Clifton Boulevard line in 1903 and the Madison Avenue line in 1916.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnston |first1=Laura |title=9 Lakewood historical milestones: Inner-ring Divide |url=https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2016/07/10_lakewood_historical_milesto.html |website=Cleveland.com |publisher=AdvanceOhio |location=Cleveland OH |date=11 January 2019 |access-date=April 28, 2020 |archive-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124220612/https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2016/07/10_lakewood_historical_milesto.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Under the Ohio Common School Act of April 9, 1867, three schools were allotted to East Rockport, called 6, 8, and 10; they were later designated East, Middle, and West. Each school had one teacher. As the community began to grow and more schools were required, the school board adopted the policy of honoring Ohio's presidents by assigning their names to the school buildings. The Rocky River Railroad was organized in 1869 by speculators as an excursion line to bring Clevelanders to the resort area they developed at the mouth of the Rocky River. Financially unsuccessful as a pleasure and amusement venture, the line was sold to the Nickel Plate Railroad in 1881. The railroad line still exists today, running in an east–west direction north of Detroit Avenue.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Notably, Lakewood was home to two pioneering automobile manufacturers: [[Winton Motor Carriage Company]] (est. 1897) and [[Baker Motor Vehicle]] (1899). By 1906, the latter became the largest electric vehicle maker in the world at the time. ===Modern redevelopment=== Rockport Square was developed on the eastern end of the city in 2004 and incorporated residential townhouses all along Detroit Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lakewood City Council Approves New Townhomes at Rockport Square {{!}} The City of Lakewood, Ohio |url=https://www.lakewoodoh.gov/lakewood-city-council-approves-new-townhomes-at-rockport-square/ |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.lakewoodoh.gov |date=July 27, 2015 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928154221/https://www.lakewoodoh.gov/lakewood-city-council-approves-new-townhomes-at-rockport-square/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Lakewood was accepted into the nationally renowned Ohio Main Street Program in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lakewoodobserver.com/read/2006/01/11/lakewood-is-ohios-newest-main-street|title=Lakewood Is Ohio's Newest Main Street - The Lakewood Observer|website=lakewoodobserver.com|access-date=May 19, 2017|archive-date=April 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419002733/http://lakewoodobserver.com/read/2006/01/11/lakewood-is-ohios-newest-main-street|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, the American Institute of Architects and the Cleveland Restoration Society honored the City of Lakewood Department of Planning & Development and LakewoodAlive with an award for Creative & Effective Preservation Advocacy.<ref name=LakewoodAlive>{{cite web|url=http://www.lakewoodalive.com/|title=Home - LakewoodAlive|access-date=July 13, 2005|archive-date=July 11, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050711234425/http://lakewoodalive.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lakewood operates a [[Community emergency response team|CERT]] program. This all-citizen emergency response program was created in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.onelakewood.com/cert-training-to-be-held-beginning-february-20th/|title=CERT Training To Be Held Beginning February 20th {{!}} The City of Lakewood, Ohio|website=www.onelakewood.com|date=February 14, 2019 |access-date=August 4, 2019|archive-date=February 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218151054/http://www.onelakewood.com/cert-training-to-be-held-beginning-february-20th/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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