Editing Lake Pleasant, New York (section)

== History ==

=== Native Americans ===
Archaeological evidence of [[indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] has been found in arrowheads and spearheads near the shores of Lake Pleasant. Many historians believe Lake Pleasant was the hunting and fishing grounds of both [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] and [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquin]] tribes. These Native Americans would travel to the Adirondack Mountains to hunt only during the warm months, while their villages were located in the [[Mohawk Valley|Mohawk]] and [[Hudson Valley]] regions.

There was a Mohawk man, who named himself Captain Gill, who lived in a [[wigwam]] at the outlet of Lake Pleasant during the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century. He had a wife named Molly, who had a daughter named Molly Jr., although Capt. Gill didn't claim the daughter as his own. Old Capt. Gill was a trail guide for the first settlers. He would show them places to hunt and fish. Capt. Gill was most famous for his story telling and would tell folklore of the [[Iroquois]] nation. One story told of a forgotten tribe that lived year-round near Round Lake (now known as [[Sacandaga Lake]]) near the present-day hamlet of Lake Pleasant. This tribe had their village on a hill which is now behind the Hamilton County buildings. The legend talks about an evil deed the tribe did and the [[Flying Head]] that came out of Lake Sacandaga and chased them out of the Adirondack Mountains.<ref name="Weaver, Anne A. 2010">Weaver, Anne A., and Beverly Hoffman. "Introduction." ''Lake Pleasant and Speculator in the Adirondacks''. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub., 2010. 7-8. Print.</ref><ref>Aber, Ted, and Stella King. ''Tales from an Adirondack County''. Prospect, NY: Prospect, 1981. Print.</ref><ref>Aber, Ted, and Stella Brooks King. ''The History of Hamilton County''. Lake Pleasant, NY: Great Wilderness, 1965. Print</ref><ref>Erdoes, Richard, and Alfonso Ortiz. ''American Indian Myths and Legends''. New York: Pantheon, 1984. Print.</ref>

=== First settlers ===
The first settlers arrived around 1795; this area was then a part of the town of Mayfield in Montgomery County.<ref name="Weaver, Anne A. 2010"/><ref name=townwebsite>{{cite web|accessdate=December 8, 2007|url=http://www.lakepleasantny.org/ |title=Town of Lake Pleasant}}</ref>

The early town was once described as "A wild waste...so poor that nobody inclines to settle in it."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hamilton.nygenweb.net/history/lakepleasant.html|title=History of Lake Pleasant, Hamilton County, NY}}</ref>

The inexpensive land was offered by New York City landowners to induce settlement. Heavily forested majestic mountains, abundant game for food and furs, and numerous lakes and streams full of fish awaited the first settlers. A few hardy pioneers came to the wilderness, cleared the land and built self-sufficient farms. They built [[gristmill]]s and [[sawmill]]s for local use. All seemed good except for the heavy snows and lack of good roads, which meant they were isolated in the winter and muddy spring.

A short cool summer growing season meant adopting their farming to crops that would survive to feed themselves and livestock. Sheep were the main livestock and did well on the rocky hillsides, and cloth was manufactured in many homes. Wild animals such as wolves, coyotes, bobcats and mountain lions had to be dealt with. Apple orchards were planted with some success. A few mills to craft woodenware and tools were built. Some of the first settlers found income from [[roof shingle|shingle]] making, and nearly every building was roofed with these wooden shingles. Small dairies supplied butter, cheese, and milk to neighbors and later to logging camps and large hotels. Development was slow and deprivation was numerous. Many settlers left to be closer to their families where farm land was richer and jobs that offered a steady income could be found. Several small settlements separated by distance and a lack of passable roads soon became small towns. The large area was impractical to govern, and the [[Montgomery County, New York|Montgomery County]] courthouse was {{convert|60|mi}} away. In 1805, the town of [[Wells, New York|Wells]] was established, which included the area of Lake Pleasant.

Lake Pleasant was formed in 1812 from part of the town of Wells, before the formation of Hamilton County, with about 300 residents. It was a large area with scattered settlements and large reaching boundaries. It extended north indefinitely and to the west to the Herkimer County line. [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton County]] became a provisional county in 1816 but since it lacked enough residents it was counted along with Montgomery County.

=== War of 1812 ===
The United States declared war on [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] on June 18, 1812. The settlers of [[Wells, New York|Wells]] and Lake Pleasant were afraid of potential attacks from [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who allied with the [[British Empire]] to attack American settlements. The Native Americans (yet unknown what tribe or nation) were seen roaming in the forest hunting, trapping and fishing. Despite no attacks, the Lake Pleasant settlers who considered themselves on the northern frontier boundary of the [[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence]], fled their homes and scattered themselves in the counties of Saratoga, Rensselaer and Montgomery. All inhabitants except the Peck family left Lake Pleasant, and so did a large majority of Wells. An application was made by a remaining few settlers to the New York Governor [[Daniel D. Tompkins]] for an order to raise a company of volunteers from Lake Pleasant and Wells to create a militia in order to allay the fears of the inhabitants, to protect them from a possible massacre and to encourage them to return to their homes. The petition was granted, and William B. Peck was commissioned captain of the Wells and Lake Pleasant Home Guards of Company C under Montgomery County's Militia 122 regiment. Lt. John L. Francisco later took command of the militia when Peck retired from his post.<ref>Loose, Steve. "War of 1812 Pension Application of Washington Craig of Wells." N.p., May 14, 2008. Web. August 25, 2013.</ref>

The [[War of 1812]] brought a need for roads to be built so the US could invade Canada. A military road was created through the town to reach the St. Lawrence River so men and provisions could be transported easily into Canadian territory.<ref>Aber, Ted, and Stella King. "Two Towns, A Highway and a War." ''History of Hamilton County''. Prospect, NY: Prospect, 1981. 26-31. Print.</ref>

=== Transformation of Lake Pleasant ===
The town of Lake Pleasant was formed in 1812 from the town of [[Wells, New York|Wells]]. Lake Pleasant was a "mother town" of Hamilton County, and other towns were made, in whole or part, by removing parts of its territory: [[Morehouse, New York|Morehouse]] (1835), [[Arietta, New York|Arietta]] (1836), part of [[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]] (1837), part of Gilmantown (1839−1860), part of [[Hope, New York|Hope]] (1847), part of [[Wells, New York|Wells]] (1858), and part of [[Indian Lake, New York|Indian Lake]] (1861).

Gilmantown stretched over {{convert|40|mi}} from Wells to Long Lake and was soon recognized as impractical; the land was annexed to Lake Pleasant and Wells. Gradually settlement continued and two communities developed about {{convert|4|mi|0}} apart near the waters of Lake Pleasant. In 1844, the community of Lake Pleasant was also known as "Sageville"<ref name="lakepleasantny.org">{{cite web|url=http://lakepleasantny.org/lp/ |title=Town of Lake Pleasant |accessdate=March 30, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215040434/http://lakepleasantny.org/lp/ |archivedate=February 15, 2013}}</ref> after Hezekiah Sage built a hotel and attempted to rename the community after himself. In 1897, the town's name returned to Lake Pleasant.<ref name="Weaver, Anne A. 2010"/>

The small settlement at the foot of the lake was Lake Pleasant until 1864 when Joel Newton built a small store and hotel in the center of town and secured a post office with the name "Newton's Corners". At that time Page Hill and Page Street were included in Newton's Corners. Joel Newton's structure burned in 1870, and in 1872 the Newton's Corners post office was reopened in Satterlee's store. Henry Dunning built a hotel in 1882 where Newton's hotel had been and the post office had moved there, and 1896 the community received a new name, [[Speculator, New York|Speculator]], after the mountain seen across the lake.

In 1892, a few ambitious and industrious business leaders felt they needed to update and modernize their facilities. Speculator was a "booming Mecca" for tourists. With the support of the voters in 1925, the village of Speculator was "incorporated" with a mayor and two trustees, which later changed to four trustees.<ref name="lakepleasantny.org"/> The village of Speculator purchased a small water system of Dexter Slack and expanded it. The village had a generating plant and waterwheel installed at Christine Falls, and by 1926 they had electricity.

=== Age of tourism ===

Growth escalated in the Victorian era between the mid-1800s and the early 1900s. Whole families spent their summers enjoying the mountain hospitality and fresh air. Several more hotels were built to accommodate them, and eventually more stores, homes and several cottages were built. Around the 1850s, city sportsmen began to come to the Adirondack Mountains to hunt, fish, and enjoy expeditions into the deep woods. They hired local men who knew the area to be guides. The guides provided food and crude lean-tos for shelter. Hunting shanties were later widely used. With these sportsmen came their whole families to use the many hotels and boardinghouses in Lake Pleasant and Speculator. Private summer camps and cottages were built, as well as family and children's camps, such as Camp-of-the-Woods, Camp Setag for girls, Kamp Kun-ju-muk for boys, the YMCA Camp Agaming, and Deerfoot Lodge for boys, around the shores of local lakes.

After World War I, famous athletes came to practice in the isolated communities, such as [[Gene Tunney]], [[Max Schmeling]], and [[Max Baer (boxer)|Max Baer]], who arrived to train for the heavyweight championship fight.
<ref name="LakePleasantHx">{{cite web |url=http://www.lakepleasantny.org/ |title=Welcome! |publisher=Town of Lake Pleasant |accessdate=April 5, 2011}}</ref>

=== Age of lumbering ===

In the beginning, small sawmills provided lumber for local use. After the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], large lumber companies were formed and mills were built near the [[Glens Falls, New York|Glens Falls]] area. At first logging was prevalent along the upper [[Hudson River]], which was used to float the logs to the mills. Later logging operations moved into Lake Pleasant, and the [[Sacandaga River]] was used to float logs to Glens Falls. The state of New York designated rivers as public highways for moving logs to the larger companies. Many local farmers found winter employment with these companies as well as supplying the companies with potatoes, meat, and dairy products and hay and feed for the horses. The lumber companies bought large parcels of land for their timber. Some of this land was later abandoned and became state land. This was the beginning of the Adirondack Park as designated in 1892.