Editing Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford (section)

==History==

===Founding===
[[File:Lady Margaret Beaufort, Lady Margaret Hall (Oxford).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Lady Margaret Beaufort]], after whom the college is named]] 
In June 1878, the ''[[Association for the Education of Women|Association for the Higher Education of Women]]'' was formed, aiming for the eventual creation of a college for women in Oxford. Some of the more prominent members of the association were [[George Granville Bradley]], Master of [[University College, Oxford|University College]], [[T. H. Green]], a prominent liberal philosopher and Fellow of [[Balliol College]], and [[Edward Stuart Talbot]], Warden of [[Keble College]]. Talbot insisted on a specifically [[Anglican]] institution, which was unacceptable to most of the other members. Some of the Anglican members of the association had specifically wanted to endow an Anglican college after [[Moncure Conway]] from the [[Ethical movement|humanist]] [[South Place Religious Society]] in London offered a large sum of money towards a secular women's college; the established church was already concerned that [[University College London]], which had recently become the first university to admit women, would lead "advanced women" away from Christianity.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstwomenatoxford.ox.ac.uk/article/religion|last=Schwartz|first=Laura|title=Religion and the Women's Colleges|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]|work=Women at Oxford 1878–1920}}</ref>

The two parties eventually split, and Talbot's group founded Lady Margaret Hall, while T. H. Green founded [[Somerville College]].<ref>''Alden's Oxford Guide''. Oxford: Alden & Co., 1958; pp. 120–21</ref> Lady Margaret Hall opened its doors to its first nine students in 1879. The first 21 students from Somerville and Lady Margaret Hall attended lectures in rooms above a baker's shop on [[Little Clarendon Street]].<ref name="Lannon">{{cite magazine|author=Frances Lannon|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/404111.article|title=Her Oxford|magazine=Times Higher Education|date=30 October 2008}}</ref> Despite the college's [[High Anglican]] origins, not all students were devout Christians.

The college was named after [[Lady Margaret Beaufort]], mother of [[King Henry VII]], patron of scholarship and learning. The first principal was [[Elizabeth Wordsworth]], the great-niece of the poet [[William Wordsworth]] and daughter of [[Christopher Wordsworth]], [[Bishop of Lincoln]].

===Growth and development===
With a new building opening in 1894, the college expanded to 25 students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Margaret Hall|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/oxon/vol3/pp341-343|website=British History Online|publisher=Institute of Historical Research|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lmh.ox.ac.uk/About-LMH/Virtual-tour/New-Old-Hall.aspx|title=LMH, Oxford – New Old Hall|website=Lmh.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref>

The land on which the college is built was formerly part of the manor of Norham that belonged to [[St John's College, Oxford|St John's College]]. The college bought the land from St John's in 1894, the other institution driving a hard bargain and requiring a development price not only on the practical building land but also on the undevelopable water meadows. However, this land purchase marked a change in ambition from occupying residential buildings for teaching purposes to erecting buildings befitting an educational institution.

In 1897, members of Lady Margaret Hall founded the Lady Margaret Hall Settlement,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lmhs.org.uk/about/|title=Lady Margaret Hall Settlement :: About|website=Lmhs.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2017-09-18}}</ref>  as part of the [[settlement movement]]. It was a charitable initiative, originally a place for graduates from the college to live in North Lambeth where they would work with and help develop opportunities for the poor.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Lady Margaret Hall Settlement|url=http://www.lmhs.org.uk/about/|website=The Lady Margaret Hall Settlement (LMHS)|publisher=LHMS|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Records of Lady Margaret Hall Settlement|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/bad738d3-4687-4399-b178-57d793f2c10b|website=The National Archives|publisher=Gov.uk|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref> Members of the college also helped found the [[Women's University Settlement]], which continues to operate to this day, as the Blackfriars Settlement in south London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackfriars-settlement.org.uk/history|title=Our History|website=www.blackfriars-settlement.org.uk|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>

Before 1920, the university refused to give [[academic degree]]s to women and would not acknowledge them as full members of the university. (Some of these women, nicknamed the [[steamboat ladies]], were awarded [[ad eundem degree|''ad eundem'']] degrees by [[Trinity College Dublin]], between 1904 and 1907.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Timeline of the History of Women in Trinity|url=https://www.tcd.ie/about/trinity/events/Womens_Centenary/timeline.php|website=A Century of Women in Trinity College|access-date=8 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129225449/https://www.tcd.ie/about/trinity/events/Womens_Centenary/timeline.php|archive-date=29 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>) In 1920 the first women graduated from the college at the [[Sheldonian Theatre]] and the principal at the time, [[Henrietta Jex-Blake]], was given an [[honorary degree]].<ref name="lmh.ox.ac.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lmh.ox.ac.uk/about-lmh/history-and-archives/college-timeline|title=College Timeline|website=Lady Margaret Hall|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref>

During the [[Second World War]] women were not permitted to fight on the front line, and thus many of the students and fellows took up other roles to aid in the war effort, becoming nurses, firefighters and ambulance drivers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lmh.ox.ac.uk/about-lmh/lmh-objects/ambulance-driver-1918|title=Ambulance driver, 1918|website=Lady Margaret Hall|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> The Fellows' Lawn was dug up and the students grew vegetables as part of the [[Dig for Victory]] campaign.<ref name="lmh.ox.ac.uk"/>

In 1979, one hundred years after its foundation, the college began admitting men as well as women; it was the first of the women's colleges to do so, along with [[St Anne's College, Oxford|St. Anne's]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/11627451.display/|title=Principal led switch to mixed-sex college|website=Oxford Mail|date=27 November 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref>

===Members of the college===
In 1919, [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] started to give private tuition to students at Oxford, including members of LMH, where his tuition was much needed given the college's limited resources and tutors in its early years. Later his daughter, [[Priscilla Reuel Tolkien]], attended the college, graduating in 1951.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=by0dzzQ6m8sC&pg=PA669|title=J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment|last=Drout|first=Michael D. C.|date=2006-11-06|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1135880344|language=en}}</ref>

In 1948, [[Harper Lee]], the future author of ''[[To Kill a Mockingbird]]'', was a visiting student at LMH.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Furious Hours: Murder, Fraud, and the Last Trial of Harper Lee|last=Cep|first=Casey|publisher=Knopf|isbn=9781101947869|language=en|year=2019}}, p. 163.</ref>

In 2017, [[Malala Yousafzai]], the youngest-ever [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Prize Peace laureate]] and Pakistani campaigner for girls' education, became a student of the college;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://oxfordstudent.com/2017/08/17/malala/|title=Malala Yousafzai accepted to read PPE at LMH|last=News Team|date=2017-08-17|website=The Oxford Student|access-date=2017-08-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170826153821/http://oxfordstudent.com/2017/08/17/malala/|archive-date=2017-08-26}}</ref> she described the interview as "the hardest interview of [her] life", and received an offer of AAA in her [[A-Level]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/malala-yousafzai-oxford-university-lady-margaret-hall-pakistan-nobe-peace-prize-winner-a7625961.html|title=Malala Yousafzai hopes to study at Oxford University if she achieves AAA offer|last=McIntyre|first=Niamh|work=[[The Independent]]|date=12 March 2017|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref> She graduated in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Malala Yousafzai completes Oxford University exams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-53107764 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref> Also in 2017, prospective Chemistry student Brian White faced deportation at the hands of the [[Home Office]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/aug/30/brian-white-student-with-oxford-place-does-not-know-what-to-do-if-deported-immigration?|title=Student with Oxford place 'does not know what to do if deported'|last=Khomami|first=Nadia|date=2017-08-30|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-08-30|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> but was able to take up his place at the college.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressandstar.com/news/2017/09/04/brian-white-oxford-bound-wolverhampton-student-wins-battle-to-stay-in-the-uk/|title=Brian White: Oxford-bound Wolverhampton student WINS battle to stay in the UK|last=Scott|first=John|website=Expressandstar.com|language=en|date=September 4, 2017|access-date=2017-09-05}}</ref>