Editing Ladin language (section)

==Geographic distribution==
[[File:Rhaeto-Romance languages now and 1200 years ago..png|thumb|left|Contraction of the area of the Rhaeto-Romance languages]] 
Ladin is recognized as a minority language in 54 [[Comune|Italian municipalities]]<ref>[http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_fcnmdocs/PDF_2nd_SR_Italy_en.pdf SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY ITALY PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (received on 14 May 2004), APPROPRIATELY IDENTIFIED TERRITORIAL AREAS Decisions adopted by provincial councils], [[European Council]]; the Municipality of Calalzo di Cadore was recognized following the decision adopted by the provincial council of Belluno on 25 June 2003.</ref> belonging to the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino and Belluno. It is not possible to assess the exact number of Ladin speakers, because only in the provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino are the inhabitants asked to identify their native language in the general census of the population, which takes place every 10 years.

=== South Tyrol ===
In the 2011 census, 20,548 inhabitants of South Tyrol declared Ladin as their native language.<ref name=altoadige2011>{{cite web |title=South Tyrol in Figures |work=Declaration of language group affiliation – Population Census 2011 |url=http://www.provinz.bz.it/astat/de/bevoelkerung/458.asp?aktuelles_action=300&aktuelles_image_id=563169 |format=PDF |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref> Ladin is an officially recognised language, taught in schools and used in public offices (in written as well as spoken forms).<ref>[http://www.regione.taa.it/normativa/statuto_speciale.pdf Statuto Speciale Per Il Trentono-Alto Adige] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126033052/http://www.regione.taa.it/normativa/statuto_speciale.pdf |date=26 November 2018 }} (1972), Art. 102.</ref>

The following municipalities of [[South Tyrol]] have a majority of Ladin speakers:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Ladin name || Inhabitants || Ladin speakers
|-
|''[[Badia, South Tyrol|Badia]]'' || 3366 || 94.07%
|-
|''[[Corvara, South Tyrol|Corvara]]'' || 1320 || 89.70%
|-
|''[[La Val]]'' || 1299 || 97.66%
|-
|''[[Mareo]]'' || 2914 || 92.09%
|-
|''[[Urtijëi]]'' || 4659 || 84.19%
|-
|''[[San Martin de Tor]]'' || 1733 || 96.71%
|-
|''[[Santa Cristina Gherdëina]]''|| 1873 || 91.40%
|-
|''[[Sëlva]]'' || 2664 || 89.74%
|-
|''[[Kastelruth|Ciastel]]'' || 6465|| 15.37%<ref>The subdivisions ''Bula'', ''Roncadic'' and ''Sureghes'' have a majority of ladin speakers</ref>
|-
!Province total || 20,548<ref>[http://www.provinz.bz.it/astat/de/bevoelkerung/458.asp?aktuelles_action=300&aktuelles_image_id=563131] Census data 2011</ref>|| 4.53%
|}

=== Trentino ===
In the 2011 census, 18,550 inhabitants of Trentino declared Ladin as their native language.<ref name=trentino2011>{{cite web |url=http://www.statistica.provincia.tn.it/binary/pat_statistica/demografia/15CensGenPopolazione.1340956277.pdf
|title=15° Censimento della popolazione e delle abitazioni. Rilevazione sulla consistenza e la dislocazione territoriale degli appartenenti alle popolazioni di lingua ladina, mòchena e cimbra (dati provvisori) |trans-title=15th Population and Housing Census. Survey on the consistency and territorial dislocation of the members of the Ladin, Mòchena and Cimbrian speaking populations (provisional data) |year=2012 |publisher=Autonomous Province of Trento |language=it |access-date=2012-10-07}}</ref> It is prevailing in the following municipalities of [[Trentino]] in the [[Fassa Valley]], where Ladin is recognized as a minority language:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Italian name || Ladin name || Inhabitants || Ladin speakers || Percentage
|-
|[[Campitello di Fassa]] || ''Ciampedel'' || 740 || 608 || 82.2%
|-
|[[Canazei]] || ''Cianacei'' || 1,911 || 1,524 || 79.7%
|-
|[[Mazzin]] || ''Mazin'' || 493 || 381 || 77.3%
|-
|[[Moena]] || ''Moena'' || 2,698 || 2,126 || 78.8%
|-
|[[Pozza di Fassa]] || ''Poza'' || 2,138 || 1,765 || 82.6%
|-
|[[Soraga]] || ''Sorega'' || 736 || 629 || 85.5%
|-
|[[Vigo di Fassa]] || ''Vich'' || 1,207 || 1,059 || 87.7%
|-
! Province total || || 9,993 || 8,092 || 80.9%
|}

The [[Nones language]] in the [[Non Valley]] and the related [[Solandro language]] found in the [[Sole Valley]] are [[Gallo-Romance languages]] and often grouped together into a single linguistic unit due to their similarity. They are spoken in 38 municipalities but have no official status. Their more precise classification is uncertain. Both dialects show a strong resemblance to Trentinian dialect and [[Eastern Lombard dialect|Eastern Lombard]], and scholars debate whether they are Ladin dialects or not.

About 23% of the inhabitants from Val di Non and 1.5% from Val di Sole declared Ladin as their native language at the 2011 census. The number of Ladin speakers in those valleys amounts to 8,730, outnumbering the native speakers in the [[Fassa Valley]].<ref name="Minority">{{cite web|url=http://trentinocorrierealpi.gelocal.it/cronaca/2012/06/30/news/ladini-i-nonesi-superano-i-fassani-1.5342702|title=Ladini: i nonesi superano i fassani|year=2012|work=Trentino Corriere Alpi|access-date=7 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203034410/http://trentinocorrierealpi.gelocal.it/cronaca/2012/06/30/news/ladini-i-nonesi-superano-i-fassani-1.5342702|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In order to stress the difference between the dialects in Non and Fassa valleys, it has been proposed to distinguish between ''ladins dolomitiches'' (Dolomitic Ladinians) and ''ladins nonejes'' (Non Valley Ladinians) at the next census.<ref>{{cite news |title=La pruma valutazions del diretor de l'Istitut Cultural Ladin Fabio Ciocchetti |language=it |trans-title= |year=2012 |work=La Usc di Ladins, nr. 26 /06 de messel 2012, p. 25}}</ref>

=== Province of Belluno ===
There is no linguistic census in the [[Province of Belluno]], but the number of Ladin speakers has been estimated using a 2006 survey. In this area, there are about 1,166 people who speak the standard Ladin and 865 who speak the dialect of Ladin, so out of 8,495 inhabitants they are the 23.9%. They live in the part of the province that was part of the County of Tyrol until 1918, comprising the communes of [[Cortina d'Ampezzo]] (15.6% Ladin), [[Colle Santa Lucia]] (50.6% Ladin) and [[Livinallongo del Col di Lana]] (54.3% Ladin).<ref name=veneto2006>{{citation |last1=Dell'Aquila |first1=Vittorio |last2=Iannàccaro |first2=Gabriele |title=Survey Ladins: Usi linguistici nelle valli ladine |language=it |trans-title=Survey Ladins: Linguistic uses in the Ladin valleys |date=2006 |publisher=Regione autonoma Trentino-Alto Adige |isbn=88-86053-69-X |page=196 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1635334}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Italian name || Ladin name || Inhabitants || Ladin speakers || Percentage
|-
|[[Cortina d'Ampezzo]] || ''Anpezo'' || 6,630 || 1,034 || 15.6%
|-
|[[Colle Santa Lucia]] || ''Col'' || 434 || 220 || 50.6%
|-
|[[Livinallongo del Col di Lana]] || ''Fodóm'' || 1,431 || 777 || 54.3%
|-
! Total || || 8,495 || 2,031 || 23.9%
|}

The provincial administration of Belluno has enacted to identify Ladin as a minority language in additional municipalities. Those are: [[Agordo]], [[Alleghe]], [[Auronzo di Cadore]], [[Borca di Cadore]], [[Calalzo di Cadore]], [[Canale d'Agordo]], [[Cencenighe Agordino]], [[Cibiana di Cadore]], [[Comelico Superiore]], [[Danta di Cadore]], [[Domegge di Cadore]], [[Falcade]], [[Forno di Zoldo]], [[Gosaldo]], [[La Valle Agordina]], [[Lozzo di Cadore]], [[Ospitale di Cadore]], [[Perarolo di Cadore]], [[Pieve di Cadore]], [[Rivamonte Agordino]], [[Rocca Pietore]], [[San Nicolò di Comelico]], [[San Pietro di Cadore]], [[San Tomaso Agordino]], [[San Vito di Cadore]], [[Santo Stefano di Cadore]], [[Selva di Cadore]], [[Taibon Agordino]], [[Vallada Agordina]], [[Valle di Cadore]], [[Vigo di Cadore]], [[Vodo di Cadore]], [[Voltago Agordino]], [[Zoldo Alto]], [[Zoppè di Cadore]]. Ladinity in the province of Belluno is more ethnic than linguistic. The varieties spoken by Ladin municipalities are Venetian alpine dialects, which are grammatically no different to those spoken in municipalities that did not declare themselves as Ladin.<ref>[http://jemi.myblog.it/files/lingue_minoranza_scuola.pdf] Italian Ministry of Education, contributions among others by Prof. Gabriele Jannaccaro, Univ. Milano-Bicocca, ''La ladinità bellunese è piuttosto etnica che linguistica, e le varietà parlate dei comuni ladini sono dei dialetti veneti alpini grammaticalmente non diversi da quelli dei comuni che non si sono dichiarati ladini'' (Ladinity in the province of Belluno is more ethnic than linguistic, and the varieties spoken by Ladin municipalities are Venetian alpine dialects grammatically identical to those spoken in the municipalities that did not declare themselves as Ladin)</ref> Their language is called ''Ladino Bellunese''.<ref>Paul Videsott, Chiara Marcocci, [http://www.unibz.it/it/library/Documents/bupress/publications/preview/R%C3%A4toromanische-Bibliographie_1-26.pdf Bibliografia retoromanza 1729–2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816012920/http://www.unibz.it/it/library/Documents/bupress/publications/preview/R%C3%A4toromanische-Bibliographie_1-26.pdf |date=16 August 2014 }}</ref>

All Ladin dialects spoken in the province of Belluno, including those in the former Tyrolean territories, enjoy a varying degree of influence from Venetian.<ref>[http://www.uni-salzburg.at/pls/portal/docs/1/1731384.PDF] Map showing similarity of dialects around Belluno, from "Dialectometric Analysis of the Linguistic Atlas of Dolomitic Ladin and Neighbouring Dialects (ALD-I & ALD-II)" by Prof. Dr. Roland Bauer, 2012, University of Salzburg</ref>