Editing Ku band (section)

==Segments and regions==
[[Image:SuperDISH121.jpg|thumb|One use of the band is [[direct-broadcast satellite television]].  A [[satellite dish]] on a residence, which receives satellite television channels over a K<sub>u</sub> band microwave beam from a broadcast [[communications satellite]] in a [[geostationary orbit]] 35,700 kilometres (22,000 miles) above the Earth.]]

===America===
Segments in most of North and South America are represented by [[ITU Region]] 2 from 11.7 to 12.2&nbsp;GHz ([[Local Oscillator]] Frequency (LOF) 10.75 to 11.25&nbsp;GHz), allocated to the FSS ([[fixed satellite service]]), [[uplink]] from 14.0 to 14.5&nbsp;GHz. There are more than 22 FSS K<sub>u</sub> band satellites orbiting over North America, each carrying 12 to 48 [[Transponder (Satellite communications)|transponders]], 20 to 120 [[watt]]s per transponder, and requiring a 0.8-m to 1.5-m antenna for clear reception.

The 12.2 to 12.7&nbsp;GHz (LOF 11.25 to 11.75&nbsp;GHz) segment is allocated to the BSS ([[broadcasting satellite service]]). BSS (DBS [[direct broadcast satellite]]s) normally carry 16 to 32 transponders of 27&nbsp;[[Megahertz|MHz]] bandwidth running at 100 to 240 watts of power, allowing the use of receiver antennas as small as 18&nbsp;inches (450&nbsp;mm).

===Europe and Africa===
Segments in those regions are represented by ITU Region 1, and they are the 11.45 to 11.7 and 12.5 to 12.75&nbsp;GHz bands are allocated to the FSS ([[fixed satellite service]], [[uplink]] 14.0 to 14.5&nbsp;GHz). In Europe K<sub>u</sub> band is used from 10.7 to 12.75&nbsp;GHz (LOF Low 9.75&nbsp;GHz, LOF High 10.6&nbsp;GHz) for [[direct broadcast satellite]] services such as those carried by the [[SES Astra|Astra]] satellites. The 11.7 to 12.5&nbsp;GHz segment is allocated to the BSS ([[broadcasting satellite service]]).

===Australia===
Australia is part of ITU Region 3 and the Australian regulatory environment provides a class license that covers downlinking from 11.70&nbsp;GHz to 12.75&nbsp;GHz and uplinking from 14.0&nbsp;GHz to 14.5&nbsp;GHz.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2012C00166|access-date=2016-07-06|date=2012-03-21|title=Radiocommunications (Communication with Space Object) Class Licence 1998|publisher=Australian Government|website=Federal Register of Legislation}}</ref>

===Indonesia===
The [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]] has categorized [[Indonesia]] as Region P, countries with very high rain precipitation. This statement has made many people unsure about using K<sub>u</sub>-band (11 – 18&nbsp;GHz) in Indonesia.  Using frequencies higher than 10&nbsp;GHz in a heavy rain area usually gives poor results. This problem can be solved by using an appropriate [[link budget]] when designing the wireless communication link. Higher power can overcome the loss to [[rain fade]].

Measurements of rain attenuation in Indonesia have been done for satellite communication links in Padang, Cibinong, Surabaya and Bandung. The DAH Model for rain attenuation prediction is valid for Indonesia, as is the ITU model. The DAH model has become an ITU recommendation since 2001 (Recommendation No. ITU-R P.618-7). This model can create a 99.7% available link so that K<sub>u</sub>-band can be applied in Indonesia.

Use of the K<sub>u</sub>-band for satellite communications in tropical regions like Indonesia is becoming more frequent. Several satellites above Indonesia have K<sub>u</sub>-band [[transponder]]s, and even [[Ka band|K<sub>a</sub> band]] transponders. [[NSS 6]], launched in December 2002 and positioned at 95° East, contains only K<sub>u</sub>-band transponders with a footprint on Indonesia ([[Sumatra]], [[Java]], [[Borneo]], [[Sulawesi|Celebes]], [[Bali]], [[Nusa Tenggara]], [[Moluccas]]). NSS 6 is intended to be replaced by [[SES-12]] at the same location, which launched in June 2018 and carries 54 K<sub>u</sub>-band transponders. The [[Thaicom 4|IPSTAR 1]] satellite, launched in 2004 also uses K<sub>u</sub> band footprints. Other satellites that provides K<sub>u</sub> band covers Indonesia are [[MEASAT-3b]], [[JCSAT-4B]], [[AsiaSat 5]], [[ST-2]], [[Chinasat]] 11, [[ABS-2|Koreasat 8/ABS-2]], [[SES-8]], [[SES-9]], [[Telkom-3S]], and [[Nusantara Satu]].

===Others===
Other ITU allocations have been made within the K<sub>u</sub> band to the fixed service (microwave towers), radio astronomy service, space research service, mobile service, mobile satellite service, radiolocation service (radar), [[Amateur radio|amateur radio service]], and radionavigation.  However, not all of these services are actually operating in this band and others are only minor users.