Editing Knidos (section)

==History==
[[File:Roman gold vase.JPG|thumb|left|Gold vase found off the sea near Knidos dating to 25BC- 50AD now in the [[British Museum]]<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=466058&partId=1&place=34940&plaA=34940-3-2&page=1 British Museum Collection]</ref>]]

===Antiquity===
Knidos was a Hellenic city of high antiquity. According to [[Herodotus]]' ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'' (I.174), the Cnidians were [[Lacedaemonian]] colonists; however, the presence of [[Demiurge (magistrate)|demiurges]] there argues for foundation or later influence by other [[Dorians|Doric Greeks]], possibly [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argives]]. [[Diodorus Siculus]] ([[Bibliotheca Historica]] 5.53) claimed that Cnidus was founded by both Lacedaemonians and Argives.<ref>Duncker, Maximillian Wolfgang, ''History of Greece: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Persian War'', S.F. Alleyne, trans., London: Richard Bentley & Son, 1883.</ref> Along with [[Halicarnassus]] (present day [[Bodrum]], Turkey) and Kos, and the [[Rhodes|Rhodian]] cities of [[Lindos]], [[Kamiros]] and [[Ialyssos]] it formed the [[Dorian Hexapolis]], which held its confederate assemblies on the Triopian headland, and there celebrated games in honour of [[Apollo]], [[Poseidon]] and the [[nymph]]s.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}  This was also the site of the [[Temple of Aphrodite, Knidos]].

The city was at first governed by an [[oligarchy|oligarchic]] [[senate]], composed of sixty members, and presided over by a magistrate; but, though it is proved by inscriptions that the old names continued to a very late period, the constitution underwent a popular transformation. The situation of the city was favourable for commerce, and the Knidians acquired considerable wealth, and were able to colonize the island of [[Lipara]], and founded a city on [[Korčula|Corcyra Nigra]] in the [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]]. They ultimately submitted to [[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]], and from the [[battle of Eurymedon]] to the latter part of the [[Peloponnesian War]] they were subject to [[Athens]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} During the [[Hellenistic age]], Knidos boasted a [[medical school]]; however, the theory that this school already existed at the beginning of the [[classical age]] is an unwarranted extrapolation.<ref>[[Vincenzo Di Benedetto]]: [[Kos|Cos]] e Cnido, in: Hippocratica - Actes du Colloque hippocratique de Paris 4-9 septembre 1978, ed. [[Mirko Grmek|M. D. Grmek]], [[Paris]] 1980, 97-111, see also [[Antoine Thivel]]: Cnide et Cos ? : essai sur les doctrines médicales dans la [[Corpus Hippocraticum|collection hippocratique]], Paris 1981 (passim), {{ISBN|22-51-62021-4}}; cf. the review by [[Otta Wenskus]] [https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/27688435?uid=3737864&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104394691947 (on JSTOR)].</ref>

In their expansion into the region, the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] easily obtained the allegiance of Knidians, and rewarded them for help given against [[Antiochus III the Great]] by leaving them the freedom of their city.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

[[Eudoxus of Cnidus|Eudoxus]], the [[astronomer]], [[Ctesias]], the writer on [[History of Persia|Persian history]], and [[Sostratus of Cnidus|Sostratus]], the builder of the celebrated [[Lighthouse of Alexandria|Pharos at Alexandria]], are the most remarkable of the Knidians mentioned in history.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} [[Artemidorus Knidos|Artemidorus]], a minor character in the [[Shakespeare]] play "[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]", was also from Knidos.

===Byzantine era===
During the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] period there must still have been a considerable population: for the ruins contain a large number of buildings belonging to the Byzantine style, and Christian sepulchres are common in the neighbourhood.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}

Bishop Ioannes of Cnidus took part in the [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451 CE and was one of the signatories of the letter that in 458 the bishops of the [[Roman province]] of [[Caria]], to which Cnidus belonged, wrote to [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Leo I the Thracian]] after the murder of [[Proterius of Alexandria]]. Bishop Evander was at the [[Second Council of Constantinople]] in 553 and Bishop Stauratius at the [[Second Council of Nicaea]] in 787.<ref>Michel Lequien, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Volume I, coll. 917-918</ref><ref>Raymond Janin, v. ''Cnide'', in [http://booksnow.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/4/dictionnairedhis13bauduoft/dictionnairedhis13bauduoft.pdf ''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques''], volume XIII, Paris 1956, col. 179</ref> No longer a residential bishopric, Cnidus is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 872</ref>

[[File:Knidos 05831-05844.jpg|center|thumb|700px|Knidos panorama]]