Editing Kinnelon, New Jersey (section)

==History==
Then still part of [[Pequannock Township, New Jersey|Pequannock Township]] and known as Charlotteburg (named after Charlotte, wife of King George III of Great Britain), early settlements in the Kinnelon area date back to the late 17th century when iron forges and furnaces were first established. Mining and forest cropping were major occupations of the earliest settlers. The construction of the [[Morris Canal]] in the early 1820s led to a significant decline in the mining industry, after which the land was sold over time.<ref name=MasterPlan>[https://www.kinnelonboro.org/documents/Planning%20Board/Master%20Plan.pdf#page=21 Master Plan], Borough of Kinnelon. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref>

During the early part of the 20th century, like much of Morris County at the time, the area became a haven for the wealthy who were attracted by the isolation and natural beauty.<ref>[https://morriscountyhistory.org/mueller-atlas-of-1910-gilded-age-estates-part-1/ Mueller Atlas of 1910: Gilded Age Estates, Part 1], Morris County Historical Society. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://morriscountyhistory.org/mueller-atlas-of-1910-gilded-age-estates-part-ii/ Mueller Atlas of 1910: Gilded Age Estates, Part II], Morris County Historical Society. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref> The most notable example of this was Francis S. Kinney, a 19th-century industrialist who founded [[Kinney Brothers Tobacco Company]] and built an estate that dates back to 1883.<ref>[https://www.morriscountynj.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/planning-amp-preservation-cultural-resources/survey/55119609-kinnelon-survey.pdf Municipal Overview: The Borough Of Kinnelon], [[Morris County, New Jersey]]. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref>

One of the largest private holdings in Morris County at any time, Kinney purchased upwards of {{convert|5000|acres|km2}} of land and built a large "summer cottage" known as [[Smoke Rise (community)|Smoke Rise]], which is a translation of the Pequannock Native American name for the mountainous area, where a heavy mist often rises at sunset. His son, Morris Kinney, for whom the borough of Kinnelon was named 41 years later, lived most of his life on the estate.<ref>[https://mmt.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p16100coll18/id/567/page/0/inline/p16100coll18_567_0 ''Morris County Historic Site Survey''], Morris County Heritage Commission, 1986/1987. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref>

On February 20, 1922, with only 400 full-time residents, Kinnelon was formed as a borough by an act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] from portions of [[Pequannock Township, New Jersey|Pequannock Township]], based on the results of a referendum passed on March 21, 1922.<ref name=Story/><ref name="books.google.com"/><ref name="mclib.info"/>

After the First World War, some residential development occurred in the borough. In 1925, Frank Fay Jr., a real estate developer, along with his son Frank Fay III, purchased 240 acres of farmland that boasted a small pond, later known as West Lake, to create a summer lake community called Fayson Lakes. The Fays advertised Fayson Lakes widely with ads being placed in ''[[The New York Times]]'' and [[List of newspapers in New Jersey|New Jersey newspapers]]; heavily promoting its accessibility and proximity to New York City.

In 1931, an adjoining property featuring a small lake, later known as East Lake, was incorporated into the community. By 1938, an additional parcel of land was purchased and eventually dammed to create a third lake, known as South Lake, in the 1950s. Most homes in the community remained summer residences until the Second World War. Fayson Lakes remains Kinnelon's highest density area.<ref name=MasterPlan/>

Upon Morris Kinney's death in 1945, he left the estate to longtime friend John Talbot Sr., former mayor of the borough, and a founder of the Chilton Memorial Hospital, Pompton Plains (John Talbot Sr. was a real estate developer in New York City and a patron of the arts and was credited with the revival of ballet as a major art form in the United States in the 1930s), as a tribute to their lifetime friendship and mutually shared love of Smoke Rise.

Following the Second World War, the need for suburban housing became evident, John Talbot Sr. went on to create [[Smoke Rise (community)|The Smoke Rise Club]], one of the earliest community club plans in the United States. Unlike many developers, he insisted that the land be kept in its natural state as far as possible.<ref>[http://www.smokerise-nj.com Home Page], Smoke Rise Club. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref> When friends asked to purchase land on the estate to build homes, Talbot decided to develop a planned community designed primarily to serve New York corporation executives. The Smoke Rise Club was the result in November 1946.<ref name=SmokeRiseHistory>[http://www.smokerise-nj.com/smokeriseclub/sub_category_list.asp?category=9&title=History History], Smoke Rise Club. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref>

Talbot's intention was to develop the property as a residential club community akin to [[Tuxedo Park, New York|Tuxedo Park]] in nearby [[Orange County, New York]]; envisioning a community of architect-designed houses suitable for ideal country living. By October 1951, more than 100 families were living in Smoke Rise and community services at St. Hubert’s Chapel were revived for the first time since 1923, when it was used as a private chapel.<ref>Depalma, Anthony. [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/21/realestate/exclusive-tract-gets-a-second-chance.html "Exclusive Tract Gets A Second Chance"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 21, 1983. Accessed September 24, 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1951/10/07/archives/smoke-rise-project-has-busiest-season.html "SMOKE RISE PROJECT HAS BUSIEST SEASON"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 7, 1951. Accessed September 24, 2024. "Realty activity at Smoke Rise, club community of 5,000 acres in Kinnelon, near Butler, N.J., has been running one-third heavier this year than in 1950, which was the previous peak period, according to J. Alden Talbot, president of the Smoke Rise Company."</ref> The development of Smoke Rise largely spurred much of the borough's growth and rising home values in the 1950s; enhancing Kinnelon's standing as a residential suburb.<ref name=MasterPlan/>

Since the inception of Smoke Rise, there has been nearly double-digit growth in the borough which today consists of three primary sections, Kinnelon proper, Fayson Lakes, and Smoke Rise. In 2005, it was estimated that Fayson Lakes and Smoke Rise accounted for about 42% of all borough households.<ref name=OSRP2005>[https://www.kinnelonboro.org/documents/Kinnelon%20Open%20SPace%20%26%20Recreation%20Plan%20(2005).pdf#page=50 ''Open Space and Recreation Plan 2005''], Borough of Kinnelon, March 2005. Accessed September 24, 2024. "Kinnelon continues to be one of New Jersey’s most desirable communities, and as of 2000 it had the highest home ownership rate in the state. (Morris County, 2000 Census Profiles)"</ref><ref>[https://www.morriscountynj.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/departments/office-of-emergency-mngmt/section-9.16-borough-of-kinnelon.pdf ''DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update''], [[Morris County, New Jersey]], July 2020. Accessed September 24, 2024. "Kinnelon Borough is made up of three primary sections. They are Kinnelon Proper, Fayson Lakes and Smoke Rise (a gated Community but under the jurisdiction of Kinnelon Borough)."</ref>

In 2000, Kinnelon had the highest home ownership rate in the state.<ref name=OSRP2005/>

In 2012, [[Forbes.com]] listed Kinnelon as 462nd in its listing of "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes", with a median home price of $630,414.<ref>Brennan, Morgan. [https://www.forbes.com/special-report/2012/1016_zip-codes.html "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes 2012"], ''[[Forbes]]'', October 16, 2012. Accessed February 18, 2020.</ref>