Editing King of Romania (section)

==History==
{{See also|History of Romania}}
The state had been internationally recognized as a [[principality]] since 1862, after the creation of the [[United Principalities]], a personal union between [[Moldavia]] and [[Wallachia]], at that time [[vassal state]]s of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza|Alexander I]] became ''[[domnitor]]'' (ruling prince) after the official unification of the two formerly separate states, being elected prince of both states in 1859. He was deposed in 1866 by a broad coalition of the main political parties, after which [[Parliament of Romania|parliament]] offered the throne to Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen who subsequently became the new "Domnitor of Romania" (as [[Carol I of Romania|Carol I]]).

[[Romanian War of Independence|Romania's independence]] from the [[Ottoman Empire]] was recognized in 1878 by the [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]].  In an expression of full [[sovereign state|sovereignty]], the principality was elevated to a kingdom in 1881, with Carol I becoming King of Romania.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/stream/reminiscencesofk00kremiala |title=Reminiscences of the King of Roumania |first1=Mite |last1=Kremnitz |first2=Sidney |last2=Sidney Whitman |publisher=Harper& Brothers |year=1899}}</ref> Carol I died in 1914, and was succeeded by his nephew, [[Ferdinand I of Romania|Ferdinand I]].

In 1927, Ferdinand I died, and the country was left in the care of a [[regency]] headed by [[Prince Nicholas of Romania]], during the reign of Ferdinand's young grandson, [[Michael I of Romania|Michael I]] (who was only six years old at the time), his father ([[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]]) having renounced his rights to the throne in 1925. Carol II, unlike Carol I, in the beginning had no desire to rule Romania, and was frequently out of the country exploring the rest of Europe with his mistress. Michael's first reign would be short lived at only three years, until his father Carol II came back to contest the title at the behest of a dissatisfied political faction that staged a sudden '[[coup d'état]]' (in spite of the fact that only a few years earlier he had renounced in official documents, written and signed in front of his own father, all his future claims to the throne of Romania).

After a ten-year rule, Carol II was forced to give up his crown in the wake of an outcry over the [[Second Vienna Award]], which forced Romania to surrender northern Transylvania to Hungary. After the war, he married his longtime mistress, [[Elena Lupescu]]. The couple ultimately settled in Portugal, and the "playboy king" never returned to Romania.

The kingdom of Romania was a [[constitutional monarchy]] for most of its existence with the exception of 1938–1944, during the dictatorships of Carol II (1938–1940) and [[Ion Antonescu]] (1940–1944). On 23 August 1944, Michael I restored the last democratic royal [[1923 Constitution of Romania|Constitution of 1923]]. However, during his second reign (1940–1947), Michael I reigned mostly as an extraconstitutional king, without a parliamentary vote. Parliament was initially suspended and reinstated only later, in 1946. Michael I was [[Coronation|crowned]]<ref name="Rules">{{cite web|url=http://www.familiaregala.ro/upload/p0002_FundamentalRules.pdf |title=Fundamental Rules of the Royal Family of Romania |publisher=The Romanian Royal Family website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060913/http://www.familiaregala.ro/upload/p0002_FundamentalRules.pdf |archive-date=2013-09-21 }}</ref> and [[Anointment|anointed]] by the [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[Patriarch of All Romania|Patriarch]], [[Nicodim Munteanu]], in the [[Romanian Patriarchal Cathedral|Patriarchal Cathedral]] of [[Bucharest]], on the day of his second accession, 6 September 1940.<ref>[http://www.sfaturiortodoxe.ro/bejan2-7.htm "The Joys of Suffering," Volume 2, "Dialogue with a few intellectuals"], by Rev. Fr. Dimitrie Bejan – [http://www.sfaturiortodoxe.ro/en/index.htm "Orthodox Advices"] website as of June 9, 2007 {{in lang|ro}}</ref> However, legally, Michael I could not exercise much authority besides some prerogatives such as being the [[Commander-in-Chief|Supreme Head]] of the [[Romanian Land Forces|Army]] and designating a plenipotentiary [[List of Prime Ministers of Romania|prime minister]] ''[[Conducător]]'' ("Leader").<ref>Ioan Scurtu, Theodora Stănescu-Stanciu, Georgiana Margareta Scurtu, [http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-15.htm ''The History of the Romanians between 1918–1940 (Istoria românilor între anii 1918–1940)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002052125/http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/istorie/istorie1918-1940/13-15.htm |date=2011-10-02 }}, p. 280. {{in lang|ro}}</ref>

On 23 August 1944, with the [[Soviet Army]] already [[Soviet occupation of Romania|deep inside Romania's territory]], [[King Michael's Coup|Michael I deposed]] the [[Nazi Germany|German]]-allied [[dictator]] [[Ion Antonescu]] at the urging of the opposition parties and aligned the country with the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. Helped by the presence of Soviet forces, [[communist]]s gradually took control of the administration. On 30 December 1947, King Michael I was forced to sign his abdication. The same day, Parliament proclaimed the country a people's republic. The young former king and former [[queen mother]] Elena were forced to leave Romania on January 3, 1948, in the royal train, at the request of the [[Romanian Communist Party|communist-dominated government]]. Royal properties were nationalized later that year.