Editing Kinetic energy (section)

==History and etymology==
The adjective ''kinetic'' has its roots in the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] word κίνησις ''kinesis'', meaning "motion". The dichotomy between kinetic energy and [[potential energy]] can be traced back to [[Aristotle]]'s concepts of [[actuality and potentiality]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Logic in Reality |edition=illustrated |first1=Joseph |last1=Brenner |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4020-8375-4 |page=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jnj5E6C9UwsC |access-date=2016-02-01 |archive-date=2020-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125133150/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jnj5E6C9UwsC |url-status=live }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jnj5E6C9UwsC&pg=PA93 Extract of page 93] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804010734/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jnj5E6C9UwsC&pg=PA93 |date=2020-08-04 }}</ref> 

The principle of [[classical mechanics]] that ''E'' ∝ ''mv''<sup>2</sup> is conserved was first developed by [[Gottfried Leibniz]] and [[Johann Bernoulli]], who described kinetic energy as the ''living force'' or ''[[vis viva]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feather |first=Norman |title=An Introduction to the Physics of Mass Length and Time – Hardcover |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=1959}}</ref>{{rp|227}} [[Willem 's Gravesande]] of the Netherlands provided experimental evidence of this relationship in 1722. By dropping weights from different heights into a block of clay, Gravesande determined that their penetration depth was proportional to the square of their impact speed. [[Émilie du Châtelet]] recognized the implications of the experiment and published an explanation.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Judith P. Zinsser |title=Emilie du Chatelet: Daring Genius of the Enlightenment|publisher=Penguin|year= 2007|isbn=978-0-14-311268-6}}</ref>

The terms ''kinetic energy'' and ''work'' in their present scientific meanings date back to the mid-19th century. Early understandings of these ideas can be attributed to [[Thomas Young (scientist)|Thomas Young]], who in his 1802 lecture to the Royal Society,  was the first to use the term ''energy'' to refer to kinetic energy in its modern sense, instead of ''vis viva''. [[Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis]] published in 1829 the paper titled ''Du Calcul de l'Effet des Machines'' outlining the mathematics of kinetic energy.  [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]], later Lord Kelvin, is given the credit for coining the term "kinetic energy" c. 1849–1851.<ref>{{cite book| author=Crosbie Smith, M. Norton Wise|title=Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=866| isbn=0-521-26173-2|date=1989-10-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=John Theodore Merz|title=A History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century|publisher=Blackwood|year=1912|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropea00merz_1/page/139 139]|isbn=0-8446-2579-5|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropea00merz_1/page/139|url-access=registration}}</ref> [[William Rankine]], who had introduced the term "potential energy" in 1853, and the phrase "actual energy" to complement it,<ref>{{cite journal | author = William John Macquorn Rankine | journal = Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow | volume = 3 | number = 5 | title = On the general law of the transformation of energy | url=https://archive.org/details/miscellaneoussci00rank/page/202/mode/2up | year = 1853}}</ref> later cites [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]] and [[Peter Tait (physicist)|Peter Tait]] as substituting the word "kinetic" for "actual".<ref>"... what remained to be done, was to qualify the noun 'energy' by appropriate adjectives, so as to distinguish between energy of activity and energy of configuration. The well-known pair of antithetical adjectives, 'actual' and 'potential,' seemed exactly suited for that purpose. ... Sir William Thomson and Professor Tait have lately substituted the word 'kinetic' for 'actual.{{' "}} {{cite journal| author = [[William John Macquorn Rankine]] | journal = Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow | volume = VI | number = III | title = On the Phrase "Potential Energy," and on the Definitions of Physical Quantities | url=https://archive.org/details/miscellaneoussci00rank/page/230/mode/2up | year = 1867}}</ref>