Editing Kiln, Mississippi (section)

==History==
===From earliest inhabitants to United States annexation===

The earliest inhabitants of the area were [[Choctaw]] and [[Muscogee]] [[Native Americans of the United States|Indians]], who lived along the banks of a river (later named the Jourdan River) emptying into the [[Bay of Saint Louis]]. These tribes hunted, fished, and trapped on the land prior to settlement by the French. In 1682, [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle]], a French explorer, claimed the region for [[France]] and named it "[[Louisiana (New France)|Louisiana]]", in honor of [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]], and the [[Mississippi Gulf Coast]] became part of the Lower Louisiana District.

Following the French claiming of the land, French settlers, many from [[Canada (New France)|Canada]], began to move into the area surrounding modern-day Kiln. These settlers were exclusively male and were mostly hunters and trappers. The only commercial activity was in [[hide (skin)|hides]] and [[Fur|pelts]], which were sent to New Orleans for shipping.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Keating |first1=James |title=European Colonization of the Mississippi Gulf Coast during the Eighteenth Century |journal=The Historian of Hancock County |volume=January 2017 |pages=1–3 |url=http://www.hancockcountyhistoricalsociety.com/newsletter/historians/Historian_2017-01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807193717/http://www.hancockcountyhistoricalsociety.com/newsletter/historians/Historian_2017-01.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-07 |url-status=live |access-date=August 7, 2017}}</ref> The first known white settlers in the area were Jean Baptiste Nicaize (Necaise) and his family. It is likely they moved from the [[Wolf River (Mississippi)|Wolf River]] area near current-day [[DeLisle, Mississippi|DeLisle]] to Kiln and acquired the J. B. Necaise claim under a Spanish [[land grant]] around 1800 or before. There is a record of marriage on May 11, 1745, of Jean Baptiste Nicaize to Marie Cathering Miot (Meaut) in the Wolf River area. This record also noted that the father of J. B. Necaise was a native of [[Paris]], France.<ref name="Early History">{{cite web |title=Early History of the Kiln |url=http://www.hancockcountyhistoricalsociety.com/vignettes/early-history-of-the-kiln/ |website=Hancock County Historical Society |access-date=July 20, 2017}}</ref> The Jourdan River received its name from Noel Jourdan, an early settler on the river, who had received a Spanish land grant at the present site of [[Diamondhead, Mississippi|Diamondhead]]. Jourdan later served as a delegate to the [[Constitution of Mississippi#1817 constitution|Mississippi Constitutional Convention of 1817]], and he was the first [[legislator|representative]] of Hancock County in the [[Mississippi Legislature]]. The area came to be known as the Jourdan Community by its inhabitants.<ref name="Early History"/> With the arrival of white settlers from the East, the Indian tribes eventually left the area. By the turn of the 19th century, the last full-blooded Choctaw Indians left the area for land grants in [[Oklahoma]].<ref name="Kiln Annunciation">{{cite web |title=Brief History of Kiln and Annunciation Parish |url=http://www.hancockcountyhistoricalsociety.com/reference/vf.php?t=subjects&vf=Annunciation%20Church%20Kiln&i=0 |website=Hancock County Historical Society |publisher=Kiln Annunciation Church |access-date=July 21, 2017}}</ref>

In 1763, France ceded Louisiana east of the [[Mississippi River]] to [[Great Britain]] in the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]]. The area became part of the colony of [[British West Florida]]. In 1783, British West Florida was ceded to [[Spain]] as part of the [[Peace of Paris (1783)|Peace of Paris]], and the area became part of the province of [[Spanish West Florida]]. The United States claimed West Florida in 1803 as part of the [[Louisiana Purchase]]. However, Spain disputed this claim. Tensions between the United States and Spain grew as many Americans began to move into the area. A large number of these immigrants were Tories who resented Spanish rule.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=Isaac Joslin |title=The American Intervention in West Florida |journal=The American Historical Review |date=January 1912 |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=290–311 |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association |doi=10.2307/1833000|jstor=1833000 }}</ref> On May 14, 1812, immediately prior to the start of the [[War of 1812]] with Great Britain, with whom Spain was allied, the United States assigned the claimed area to the [[Mississippi Territory]],<ref>{{cite web |title=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875 |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=002/llsl002.db&recNum=771 |website=Library of Congress |access-date=August 6, 2017}}</ref> even though the area was still governed by Spain. On February 12, 1813, the [[United States Congress]] passed a statute giving President [[James Madison]] authority to occupy the area.<ref>{{usstat|3|472}}</ref> In April 1813, an American force occupied [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]] and received the surrender of the Spanish commander.

===Timber industry boom and bust===
[[File:Jordan River Lumber Company Sawmill, Kiln.jpg|thumb|right|Jourdan River Lumber Company sawmill]]
[[File:JordanRiverLumberCompanyHotel,Kiln.jpg|thumb|right|Jourdan River Lumber Company hotel]] 
[[File:AnnunciationKilnMS.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Annunciation Catholic Church, 1919]]

Kiln takes its name from the many [[kiln]]s once found in the area. These kilns served the [[timber industry]]; they produced [[naval stores]] such as [[tar]], which were shipped by schooner to New Orleans and used for caulking ships. Tar kilns had operated in the Hancock County area to produce naval stores since the days when it was part of [[British West Florida]]. During the 1840s, the Jourdan Community had a prosperous business in the production of [[charcoal]], which it also sold on the New Orleans market. By the 1880s, some inhabitants began referring to the community as "Kiln", and by 1913 the town's name was firmly established. Today, the area is referred to by locals as "the Kiln", with the "n" silent.<ref name="Early History"/>

The [[sawmill]] era began around the time of the [[American Civil War]], when a sawmill was built on the Jourdan River by Samuel L. Favre from Mobile. He also built a home on the Jourdan River in 1859. Later, this house was moved to its present location near Annunciation Catholic Church and is currently owned by one of his descendants. It is considered the oldest house in the Kiln. Francois Haas from New Orleans built a sawmill on Bayou Talla in the Kiln area. After the Civil War, Favre moved to the [[Logtown, Mississippi|Logtown]] and [[Napoleon, Mississippi|Napoleon]] areas, and the Francois Haas sawmill was operated by Elisha Haas and Timothy Herlihy. Later, the mill became known as the Herlihy and Haas Mill.<ref name="Early History"/> In the late 19th century, the Jourdan River had [[shipyard]]s, and the river provided water transportation access to the nearby [[Mississippi Gulf Coast]] ports that served the then-booming [[yellow pine]] timber industry. One shipyard on the Jourdan was operated by a man named Willie Curet, another shipyard on Bayou Talla was operated by a man named Jeremiah Haas, and Savadore Necaise operated a [[wood shingle|shingle mill]]. These family names are familiar in the area, and descendants of these men live in Hancock County today.<ref name="Kiln Kountry">{{cite book|last1=Ellis|first1=Dan|title=Kiln Kountry: Home of Brett Favre|date=August 22, 2000|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform}}</ref>{{rp|14–16}}

During the boom years, the Kiln was home to many timber mills. On December 7, 1908, the W. W. Carre Company, Ltd., from New Orleans purchased the Herlihy and Haas Mill and built a [[Track (rail transport)|railroad track]] to the northern end of Hancock County to facilitate the flow of raw lumber.<ref name="Kiln Annunciation"/> The sawmill burned in 1912, and in December of that year the logging railroad and equipment were sold to the Stern Foundry & Machinery Company of New Orleans. In January 1913, the remaining property at Kiln was sold to the Edward Hines Lumber Company of [[Chicago]], and the operation was reorganized as the Jourdan River Lumber Company. The original mill was replaced in 1914 with a new mill with a cutting capacity of {{convert|150000|ft|m}} per day.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordan River Lumber Co. |url=http://www.msrailroads.com/Jordan_River.htm |website=Mississippi Rails: Mississippi's Railroad History & Heritage |access-date=July 21, 2017}}</ref> To accommodate all of the workers at the mill, around 200 mill houses were built. A school building was also built in the area. To support the number of workers coming into the area, other businesses began to establish themselves. These local businesses included a [[company store]], a 50-room hotel with a restaurant, a small hospital with round-the-clock physician and nurse, a movie theater, and a [[Pharmacy (shop)|drug store]]. In addition, there was a [[secondary school]], several churches, and a semi-pro baseball team. According to historian Samuel Grady Thigpen, for a time the Kiln was the busiest town between [[Hattiesburg, Mississippi|Hattiesburg]] and New Orleans.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thigpen |first1=Samuel Grady |title=Pearl River: Highway to Glory Land |date=1965 |publisher=Kingsport Press}}</ref>

The [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] hit the Kiln hard, combined with the depletion of the lumber supply in the area, eventually causing the loss of many of the local businesses. In February 1930, the mill cut out and was dismantled. The Kiln also lost its hotel, hospital, and railroad. The source of electricity for the town was cut off. By the mid-1930s, the Kiln had become a [[ghost town]] with no major industry. Much of the land that had been cleared for logging was grown over and once again became a forest wilderness. Many of the residents who stayed in the Kiln managed a living by [[distillation|distilling]] illegal [[whiskey]]. The production of whiskey became a big business in the Kiln after Mississippi passed a state-wide [[prohibition]] act in 1908. Being a source of sought-after [[moonshine]] during the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition Era]] and also because of its high quality and ready availability, Kiln became known as the "Moonshine Capital of the World". At the height of moonshine popularity in the late 1920s, there were at least 50 moonshine stills operating in the Kiln. Mississippi's state-wide prohibition act was not repealed until 1966.<ref name="Kiln Kountry"/>{{rp|24–27}} Despite the depression and mass emigration from the town, a few older structures remain to this day, including Annunciation Catholic Church and the original post office (later Curet's Grocery), which has since been turned into a lawnmower repair shop.

===Population growth and Hurricane Katrina===
[[File:Annonciation Catholic Church Kiln MS August 2013 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Annonciation Catholic Church, 2013]]
Toward the end of the 20th century, Kiln's population began to grow. Kiln's population grew from 1,262 people in 1990<ref name="census 90">{{cite web|title=1990 Census of Population and Housing|url=http://ftp.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-26.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130223154/http://ftp.census.gov/prod2/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-26.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-30 |url-status=live|website=Census.gov|access-date=August 4, 2017|page=Mississippi 33}}</ref> to 2,040 by the end of the century,<ref>{{cite web |title=Mississippi: 2000: Summary Population and Housing Statistics|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-1-26.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030321003218/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-1-26.pdf |archive-date=2003-03-21 |url-status=live|website=Census.gov|access-date=August 4, 2017|page=34 Mississippi}}</ref> nearly a 62% increase in population over the decade. One of the main reasons for the population increase in not only Kiln but the entire [[Mississippi Gulf Coast]] was the growth of the [[casino]] industry in the area. The Mississippi Gaming Control Act of 1990 specified that gaming sites were restricted to the southernmost three counties in Mississippi (Hancock, [[Harrison County, Mississippi|Harrison]], and [[Jackson County, Mississippi|Jackson]] counties). On December 5, 1990, Hancock County was the first county in Mississippi to approve dockside gambling. Three casinos opened in neighboring Harrison County in August 1992, and on September 30, 1992, Casino Magic opened in [[Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi|Bay Saint Louis]] at the location of the current [[Hollywood Casino Gulf Coast|Hollywood Casino]]. Bayou Caddy's Jubilee Casino opened on January 7, 1994, in [[Lakeshore, Mississippi|Lakeshore]] at the location of the current [[Silver Slipper Casino (Waveland)|Silver Slipper Casino]]. The Gulf Coast casinos brought in new tourism and economic development to the area, which led to an increase in population in many cities and towns along the Gulf Coast, including Kiln.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Klaus J. |last1=Meyer-Arendt |title=Casino Gaming on the Mississippi Gulf Coast |url=https://ir.uwf.edu/islandora/object/uwf%3A22820/datastream/PDF/view |website=UWF Institutional Repository |access-date=August 4, 2017}}</ref> Kiln became the fastest growing area in Hancock County. This growth led to the establishment of several new businesses, a new post office, two new schools, and a new library in the town.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gagnet |first1=Betsy |title=Kiln fastest growing area in the county |url=http://www.hancockcountyhistoricalsociety.com/reference/vf.php?t=subjects&vf=Hancock%20County%20History%20General%20Newspaper%20Clippings&i=96 |access-date=August 4, 2017 |issue=Hancock Today Special Edition |work=The Sea Coast Echo |date=June 29, 1997|publisher=Hancock County Historical Society}}</ref>

On August 29, 2005, [[Hurricane Katrina]] made its third landfall on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Before and during landfall, water poured into the [[Bay of Saint Louis]], and the initial flooding occurred in low-lying areas along the Jourdan River and its tributary [[bayou]]s. Therefore, Kiln and Diamondhead began to flood before the bulk of the surge came.<ref>{{cite web |title=Katrina's Surge: Part 10 |url=https://www.wunderground.com/education/Katrinas_surge_part10.asp |website=Weather Underground |access-date=August 5, 2017 |archive-date=August 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806020450/https://www.wunderground.com/education/Katrinas_surge_part10.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Kiln saw at least {{convert|30|ft}} of floodwater.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Plombon |first1=Betty |title=Katrina and the Forgotten Gulf Coast |date=2006 |publisher=Dog Ear Publishing |page=7}}</ref> Several homes were severely damaged and destroyed. Kiln was spared the worst of the damage and served as a major point for reconstruction of Bay Saint Louis and [[Waveland, Mississippi|Waveland]] afterwards.