Editing Kiawah Island, South Carolina (section)

==History==
The [[Bass Pond Site]] and [[Arnoldus Vander Horst House]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

Kiawah was named for the [[Kiawah Indians|Kiawah People]] who were led by their head chieftain or [[cassique]]. In the year 1670, the cassique of the Kiawah led English colonists to settle at Charlestowne Landing.<ref name= "auto">{{Cite book|title = Kiawah Island: A History|publisher = The History Press |date = June 16, 2006|location = Charleston, South Carolina|isbn = 9781596290396 |first = Ashton|last = Cobb}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = A Little About Kiawah Island, South Carolina |url = http://kiawahislandgetaways.com/a-little-about-kiawah/ |publisher = Kiawah Island Getaways|access-date = December 2, 2015|language = en-US}}</ref>

In 1699, former pirate Captain [[George Raynor (pirate)|George Raynor]] gained possession of Kiawah Island. On November 1, 1701, Raynor sold half of the island to Captain William Davis and left the other half in his will for his granddaughter. The half left to his will was passed through family members until John Stanyarne acquired the property. Stanyarne subsequently purchased the remaining half of the island from the family of Captain Davis.<ref name= ":02">{{Cite book|title=The History and Archaeology of Kiawah Island, Charleston County, South Carolina|last1=Trinkley|first1=Michael|last2=Hacker|first2=Debi|publisher=Chicora Foundation, Inc.| year= 1993| location= Columbia, South Carolina}}</ref>

The island was primarily used for cattle farming prior to the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Stanyarne built an estate that was valued highly, falling into a category of value that only 19% of the properties of South Carolina qualified for.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Shadow of a Dream: Economic Life and Death in the South Carolina Low Country 1670-1920|last=Coclanis|first=Peter| publisher= Oxford University Press| year= 1989| location=New York| pages= 86}}</ref> In his will he left the southwestern portion of the island to his granddaughter Mary Gibbs, and the northeastern portion to his granddaughter Elizabeth Vanderhorst.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title= Warrants for Lands in South Carolina 1672-1711 |last1=Salley |first1=A. S. Jr. |last2=Olsberg |first2=Nicholas |publisher= South Carolina Department of Archives and History |year=1973 |location=Columbia, South Carolina }}</ref> Both portions were to be passed down until the third generation, when they would become considered fee simple ownerships. Gibbs died at a young age; it is assumed that her father, Robert Gibbs, maintained her portion of the island.<ref name=":1" />

During the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] the island has very few records of events, other than its use as a safe recovery space for American soldiers and their families.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Caty: A Biography of Catharine Littlefield Greene| last1=Stegeman| first1=John| last2=Stegeman|first2=Janet|publisher=Rhode Island Bicentennial Foundation| year=1977|location=Providence, Rhode Island}}</ref> The Vanderhorst property was burned down during the time of the Revolutionary War, but was rebuilt shortly after, and finished in the beginning of the 19th century.<ref name=":02" /> The Vanderhorst family infrequently inhabited the island, and often stayed in their homes elsewhere along the Carolina coast. The Vanderhorst family still only claimed ownership of half of the island, with the other half being passed through the wills of the Gibbs family. A portion of the island controlled by the Gibbs family was sold to William Seabrook. The other portion was sold to Isaac Wilson. The island during this time only remained inhabited by slaves and the properties built by the families.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Eighteenth Century Slavery on Kiawah: Excavations at a Small, Isolated Slave House |last= Trinkley |first=Michael |publisher= Chicora Foundation, Inc. |year=1994 |location=Columbia, South Carolina}}</ref>

The [[American Civil War|Civil War]] impacted Kiawah Island as it did the entire South. There were not damages recorded. The Vanderhorst family was not presently residing there, but they did check the state of the property in the earlier years of the war.<ref name= ":02" /> There are not records of what occurred on Kiawah during the war in terms of battles, but it was sieged by the North with Charleston and taken over by Northern troops. They remained stationed there as a precautionary measure. The properties seemed to have obtained damage, but it is unclear how or how extensive.<ref name=":02" />

The Vanderhorst family did not have many records from this time period. At the end of the war, they were in financial trouble and were unsure how to maintain ownership of Kiawah. They were able to keep their portion of the island, while the other two portions changed ownership. The Vanderhorsts hired freed slaves for labor and were able to produce cotton on the island.<ref name=":2" /> By 1870, Arnoldus Vanderhorst, the caretaker and owner of the Vanderhorst portion of Kiawah, recorded that the island was restored and there was agricultural growth.<ref name=":02" />