Editing Keystroke logging (section)

== History ==
In the mid-1970s, the [[Soviet Union]] developed and deployed a hardware keylogger targeting [[US Embassy]] [[typewriter]]s. Termed the "selectric bug", it transmitted the typed characters on [[IBM Selectric]] typewriters via magnetic detection of the mechanisms causing rotation of the print head.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selectric bug |url=http://www.cryptomuseum.com/covert/bugs/selectric/index.htm}}</ref> An early keylogger was written by [[Perry Kivolowitz]] and posted to the [[Usenet newsgroup]] net.unix-wizards, net.sources on November 17, 1983.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Security Digest Archives |url=http://securitydigest.org/unix/archive/006 |access-date=2009-11-22}}</ref> The posting seems to be a motivating factor in restricting access to <code>/dev/kmem</code> on [[Unix]] systems. The [[user-mode]] program operated by locating and dumping character lists (clients) as they were assembled in the Unix kernel.

In the 1970s, spies installed keystroke loggers in the [[Embassy of the United States, Moscow|US Embassy]] and Consulate buildings in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Soviet Spies Bugged World's First Electronic Typewriters |url=http://www.qccglobal.com/news/first-keystroke-logger.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220110339/http://www.qccglobal.com/news/first-keystroke-logger.php |archive-date=2013-12-20 |access-date=2013-12-20 |work=qccglobal.com}}</ref><ref name="ingersoll">
Geoffrey Ingersoll.
[http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-turns-to-typewriters-for-secrets-2013-7 "Russia Turns To Typewriters To Protect Against Cyber Espionage"].
2013.
</ref>
They installed the bugs in [[Selectric]] II and Selectric III electric typewriters.<ref name="gunman">Sharon A. Maneki.
[http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/center_crypt_history/publications/learning_from_the_enemy_the_gunman_project.pdf "Learning from the Enemy: The GUNMAN Project"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203032854/https://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/center_crypt_history/publications/learning_from_the_enemy_the_gunman_project.pdf|date=2017-12-03}}.
2012.</ref>

Soviet embassies used manual typewriters, rather than electric typewriters, for [[classified information]]—apparently because they are immune to such bugs.<ref name="gunman" />
As of 2013, Russian special services still use typewriters.<ref name="ingersoll" /><ref>{{cite web |author=Agence France-Presse, Associated Press |date=13 July 2013 |title=Wanted: 20 electric typewriters for Russia to avoid leaks |url=http://technology.inquirer.net/27149/wanted-20-electric-typewriters-for-russia-to-avoid-leaks |work=inquirer.net}}</ref><ref>
Anna Arutunyan.
[http://themoscownews.com/russia/20130711/191758523/Russian-security-agency-to-buy-typewriters-to-avoid-surveillance.html "Russian security agency to buy typewriters to avoid surveillance"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221071647/http://themoscownews.com/russia/20130711/191758523/Russian-security-agency-to-buy-typewriters-to-avoid-surveillance.html|date=2013-12-21}}.
</ref>