Editing Keyboard instrument (section)

== History ==
{{see also|History of keyboard instruments}}
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| caption = Late 4th century AD "Mosaic of the Female Musicians" from a [[Byzantine]] villa in [[Maryamin, Hama|Maryamin]], [[Syria]].
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The earliest known keyboard instrument was the Ancient Greek [[hydraulis]], a type of [[pipe organ]] invented in the third century BC.<ref name="Apel Tischler 1997 p. 9">{{cite book |last=Apel |first=W. |last2=Tischler |first2=H. |title=The History of Keyboard Music to 1700 |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-253-21141-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRvj70n4yY0C&pg=PA9 |access-date=2019-03-25 |page=9 |quote=According to almost unanimous reports, Ctesibios, a Greek engineer who lived in Alexandria during the 3rd century B.C., was the inventor of the first organ, the so-called hydraulis.}}</ref> The keys were likely balanced and could be played with a light touch, as is clear from the reference in a Latin poem by [[Claudian]] (late 4th century), who says ''magna levi detrudens murmura tactu . . . intonet,'' that is "let him thunder forth as he presses out mighty roarings with a light touch" (''Paneg. Manlio Theodoro,'' 320–22). From its invention until the fourteenth century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ did not feature a keyboard at all, but rather buttons or large levers operated by a whole hand. Almost every keyboard until the fifteenth century had seven [[natural (music)|naturals]] to each octave.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/keyboard-instrument|title=Keyboard instrument|website=Encyclopedia Britannica }}</ref>

The [[clavicymbalum]], [[clavichord]], and the [[harpsichord]] appeared during the fourteenth century—the clavichord probably being earlier. The harpsichord and clavichord were both common until the widespread adoption of the piano in the eighteenth century, after which their popularity decreased. The first template for the modern piano was introduced in 1698 in Italy by [[Bartolomeo Cristofori]] as the ''gravicèmbalo con piano e forte'' ("harpsichord with soft and loud"), also shortened to ''pianoforte'', as it allowed the pianist to control the dynamics by adjusting the force with which each key was struck. In its current form, the piano is a product of further developments made since the late nineteenth century and is distinct in both sound and appearance from the instruments known to earlier pianists, including [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]], and [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]].<ref name="kelzenberg" /> Beginning in the twentieth century, early electromechanical instruments, such as the [[Ondes Martenot]], began to appear as well. Later in the 20th century, [[electronic keyboard]]s appeared.