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==Education and early career== Arrow was born on August 23, 1921, in New York City.<ref name="Maskin"/> Arrow's mother, Lilian (Greenberg), was from [[IaΘi]], Romania, and his father, Harry Arrow, was from nearby [[Podu Iloaiei]].<ref name="Velupillai">{{cite journal |last1=Velupillai |first1=K. Vela |title=Kenneth Joseph Arrow. 23 August 1921β21 February 2017 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=December 2019 |volume=67 |pages=9β28 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.2019.0002 |s2cid=186214334 |language=en |issn=0080-4606|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Feiwel |editor-first1=George R. |title=Arrow and the Foundations of the Theory of Economic Policy |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-07357-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ofWvCwAAQBAJ&dq=Lillian+Greenberg+Arrow&pg=PA2 |language=en}}</ref> The family was of [[History of the Jews in Romania|Romanian-Jewish]] descent, and very supportive of Kenneth's education.<ref name="Maskin"/><ref name="bookref1">{{cite book|first=Abu N.M. |last=Wahid|title=Frontiers of Economics: Nobel Laureates of the Twentieth Century |publisher= Greenwood Publishing |year=2002|page = 5|isbn=0-313-32073-X}}</ref><ref name="bookref2">{{cite book|first=Steven|last= Pressman|author-link=Steven Pressman (economist)|title=Fifty major economists: Business & Economics |publisher= [[Routledge|Routledge Publishing]]|year=1999|page = 177|isbn=0-415-13480-3}}</ref> Growing up during the [[Great Depression]], he embraced socialism in his youth. He would later move away from socialism, but his views retained a left-leaning philosophy.<ref name="Econjwatch.org">{{cite journal |last1=Klein |first1=Daniel B. |title=Kenneth J. Arrow [Ideological Profiles of the Economics Laureates] |journal=Econ Journal Watch |date=2013 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=268β281 |url=https://econjwatch.org/file_download/715/ArrowIPEL.pdf?mimetype=pdf |access-date=28 March 2023}}</ref> He graduated from [[Townsend Harris High School]] and then earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics from the [[City College of New York]] in 1940, where he was a member of [[Sigma Phi Epsilon]]. He then attended [[Columbia University]] for graduate studies, obtaining a master's degree in mathematics in June 1941.<ref name=nobel/> At Columbia, Arrow studied under [[Harold Hotelling]], who influenced him to switch fields to economics.<ref name="Econjwatch.org"/> He served as a weather officer in the [[United States Army Air Forces]] from 1942 to 1946.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kenneth J. Arrow, MA, PhD|url=http://fsi.stanford.edu/people/kenneth_j_arrow|publisher=Stanford University|access-date=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="Maskin" />
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