Editing Kelseyville, California (section)

== History ==

===Name===
The area has been formerly designated by [[European American]] settlers '''Kelsey'''<ref>{{cite news|title=Discovery of Gas|newspaper=Russian River Flag|volume=I|number=24|date=14 March 1866|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=RRF18660314.2.11}}</ref> or '''Kelsey Creek''', after [[Andrew Kelsey]],<ref name="Knave">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/331860913/|number=12|volume=168|date=12 January 1958|page=76|title=The Knave|newspaper=Oakland Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SRPD19480905.1.13|title=Neighborly Kelseyville... Pear Capital|newspaper=The Press Democrat|volume=92|number=214|date=5 September 1948}}</ref> one of the first [[Anglo-Americans|Anglo-American]] settlers in Lake County, and his brother [[Benjamin Kelsey]].<ref name="Pioneers">{{cite news|newspaper=The Press Democrat|volume=XLIX|number=70|date=21 September 1921|title=Kelseys were pioneers for north section|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SRPD19210921.2.65}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=NWJ19090409.2.58|newspaper=Napa Weekly Journal|volume=XXV|number=51|date=9 April 1909|title=Death of Lake County Pioneer}}</ref> Both men, along with Charles Stone and E.D. Shirland, acquired Salvador Vallejo's livestock in the [[Clear Lake (California)|Clear Lake]] area in 1847. Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone were killed in 1849 in an uprising against him by bands of [[Wappo]] and Eastern [[Pomo people|Pomo]] whom they had enslaved. This episode led to the [[Bloody Island Massacre]] in May 1850.<ref>[http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=1190 Bloody Island (Bo-no-po-ti).] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107171836/http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=1190 |date=7 November 2007 }} ''The Historical Marker Database''. 18 June 2007 (retrieved 27 February 2009)</ref>

The town was also sometimes designated '''Uncle Sam'''<ref name="Knave"/> after Mount Uncle Sam, the name soldiers gave to [[Mount Konocti]] when they set up camp there in 1850.<ref name=CGN /> The Kelseyville name first appears in records in the 1860s,<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Sacramento Daily Union|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SDU18650418.2.6.1|title=Feeling at Clear Lake|volume=29|number=4391|date=18 April 1865}}</ref> the result of lobbying on the part of William and Barthena Kelsay, who arrived with the Harriman Party in Lake County in 1861, "in honor of their Kelsey cousins".<ref>{{citation|title=Mauldin Files|first=Ron M.|last=Sylar|volume=44|page=8302|url=https://museumsoflakeca.wixsite.com/website/mauldin-files}}</ref> Voter registration records list the town as "Kelsey" in the 1860s, and the area is designated "Kelsey Creek" in the [[1870 U.S. Census]] while voter records list "Kelseyville" in the same decade, that name also appearing in the [[1880 U.S. Census]]. The name was officialized by federal authorities when the Uncle Sam Post Office was renamed to Kelseyville in October 1882.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/620801983/|date=13 October 1882|newspaper=Ukiah Dispatch Democrat|title=Postal Changes}}</ref><ref name=CGN />
Kelseyville has also been nicknamed "Peartown" for its significant [[pear]] orchards planted during the [[Prohibition era]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/381291697/|journal=The Los Angeles Times|date=11 June 1950|title=Scenic route to redwoods inspires awe}}</ref>

The Kelseyville name has been the source of controversy since at least the 1980s<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/1114374/|title=Town should change its name|journal=Ukiah Daily Journal|date=9 August 1989}}</ref> because of its association with Andrew and [[Benjamin Kelsey|Ben Kelsey]]. Several attempts have been made through petitions to suggest a name change.<ref name=”PD0323/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.record-bee.com/2007/09/20/kelseyvilles-name-under-scrutiny/|date=20 September 2007|journal=Lake County Record-Bee|title=Kelseyville's name under scrutiny}}</ref> In 2020, a group of local community members, Citizens for Healing, formed in order to change Kelseyville's name. The group originally planned a petition to put the issue on the ballot<ref name=”PD0323>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/lake-county-group-working-to-change-the-name-of-kelseyville/|journal=The Press Democrat|date=24 March 2022|title=Lake County group working to change the name of Kelseyville to redress violence against tribes}}</ref> (another petition was launched online in 2020<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kzyx.org/local-news/2020-07-14/petition-to-change-the-name-of-kelseyville-gains-traction-online|journal=KZYX|date=14 July 2020|title=Petition to change the name of Kelseyville gains traction online}}</ref>), until they were informed of another option. The group, after securing approval from local tribes,<ref name="PD0824">{{cite news|title='Friendly country town' of Kelseyville deeply divided over proposed name change|newspaper=The Press Democrat|date=15 August 2024|first=Austin|last=Murphy|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/kelseyville-name-change-indian-massacre/}}</ref> filed a petition in October 2023 with the [[United States Board on Geographic Names|United States Board on Geographic Names (USBGN)]], requesting to rename the town "Konocti", after the [[Mount Konocti|mountain]] dominating the town's landscape.<ref name=”PD0224”>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/kelseyville-was-named-for-a-man-who-slaughtered-native-americans-should-a/|newspaper=The Press Democrat|date=16 February 2024|first=Austin|last=Murphy|title=Kelseyville was named for a man who slaughtered Native Americans. Should a town still be named for him?}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/media/files/Review%20List%20454.pdf|title=Quarterly Review List 454|date=23 January 2024|website=United States Board on Geographic Names}}</ref> The initiative has triggered opposition from another group, which has been campaigning under the "Save Kelseyville" slogan, arguing that renaming the town could be costly and cause confusion.<ref name=”PD0224”/> On July 30, 2024, the county's Board of Supervisors voted to approve a countywide "advisory measure" on the November 5 ballot to rename the town to "Konocti".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lakeconews.com/news/79292-supervisors-decide-to-put-kelseyville-name-change-advisory-measure-before-voters|newspaper=Lake County News|title=Supervisors decide to put Kelseyville name change advisory measure before voters|first=Elizabeth|last=Larson|date=31 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2024-08-19/a-towns-name-recalls-massacre-of-indigenous-californians|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|first=Tyrone|last=Beason|title=A town's name recalls the massacre of Indigenous people. Will changing it bring healing?|date=19 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/kelseyville-measure-u-konocti-u-s-board-of-geographic-names/|title=Lake County measure asking voters if Kelseyville’s name should be changed is losing badly — but will it matter?|date=18 November 2024|last=Murphy|first=Austin|newspaper=The Press Democrat}}</ref> The issue received support from the [[National Congress of American Indians]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ncai.assetbank-server.com/assetbank-ncai/assetfile/5655.pdf|website=National Congress of American Indians|date=October-November 2024|title=Supporting Lake County Tribes by recommending the name change from Kelseyville to Konocti to the Local Government and the Board of Geographical Names (Resolution #LV-24-075)}}</ref> Measure U, which asked voters to recommend the name change to the Board, only received 29.4% of "Yes" votes.<ref>{{cite website|url=https://www.lakecountyca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12965/Cumulative-Results-12-3-2024-11-18-02-AM|title=County of Lake, California: General Election Official Results|date=3 December 2024|website=Lake County Registrar of Voters}}</ref> On December 10, a majority of county Supervisors nevertheless voted in favor of recommending to the USBGN that the town be renamed Konocti.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lakeconews.com/news/80333-lake-county-supervisors-back-kelseyville-name-change-despite-voter-opposition|title=Lake County supervisors back Kelseyville name change despite voter opposition|date=11 December 2024|first=Lingzi|last=Chen|newspaper=Lake County News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/kelseyville-name-change-konocti/|newspaper=The Press Democrat|first=Austin|last=Murphy|date=12 December 2024|title=Bucking will of Lake County voters, supervisors urge federal agency to change Kelseyville’s name}}</ref> The California Advisory Committee on Geographic Names is expected to provide a recommendation as part of the process.

=== 19th century ===
In the centuries before Europeans arrived, the Eastern [[Pomo]] and Clear Lake [[Wappo]] (also designated as Lile'ek Wappo) people lived along the shores of [[Clear Lake (California)|Clear Lake]]. In addition to the fish caught in the lake and streams, they hunted waterfowl and gathered berries, seeds, clover and acorn. The Pomo and Wappo built homes and canoes of [[tule reed]]s found at the lakeshore.

Both Eastern Pomo and Clear Lake Wappo bands lived in the area now designated as Kelseyville, the Pomo concentrated along [[Kelsey Creek (Lake County)|Kelsey Creek]] all the way to [[Cobb Mountain]], and the Wappo along Cole Creek and on the western slope of [[Mount Konocti]]. At some point, both tribes allegedly warred when the Wappo attempted to divert fish from Kelsey Creek into Cole Creek. The Clear Lake Wappo, which were one of the tribes enslaved by [[Andrew Kelsey]] and Charles Stone, eventually disappeared from the area. The exact location of the former indigenous community of ''Xabenapo'' or ''Xalanapo'' (which according to some authors designates the people rather than the town) remains unknown, but it is estimated to have been slightly south of present-day Kelseyville proper, along Kelsey Creek. Several other names have been documented for the village itself: ''Nonapoti'', ''Bidamiwina'' and ''Shabegok''.<ref>{{cite journal|number=37|date=December 1977|title=Ethnographic and historical sketch of the Eastern Pomo and their neighbors, the Southeastern Pomo|first=Sally|last=McLendon|journal=Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility}}</ref>

The Kelseyville area was part of [[Rancho Lupyomi]], the [[Ranchos of California|land grant]] [[Californio]] Salvador Vallejo, [[Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo]]'s brother, received in 1844 from the Mexican government. In 1847, Vallejo sold the livestock that had remained in the area to [[Benjamin Kelsey|Ben]] and [[Andrew Kelsey]], Charles Stone and E.D. Shirland. Andrew Kelsey and Charles Stone [[Forced labor in California|forced]] the local Indians to build them an [[adobe]] home about {{Convert|3|mi|km}} from the south shore of the lake, and immediately west of [[Kelsey Creek (Lake County)|Kelsey Creek]], as well as a large cattle [[corral]]. Stone and Kelsey enslaved the Pomo and Wappo people in two fenced camps they couldn't leave, forcing them to work under threat of torture and death. Many native people died of starvation and neglect. Stone and Kelsey were also known to rape native women and girls. Multiple and continuous abuse led to their killing by the indigenous population in 1849, which would lead to the [[Bloody Island Massacre]] in May 1850.<ref>{{cite book|last=Madley|first=Benjamin |title=An American genocide: The United States and the California Indian catastrophe, 1846-1873 |date=2016|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven |isbn=978-0-300-18136-4}}</ref>

More [[European Americans|European American]] settlers established themselves in the area in the mid-1850s, after the removal of indigenous populations to [[rancheria]]s and the sale of Rancho Lupyomi was challenged in court.

According to Woods Crawford, an early pioneer quoted by historian Lyman L. Palmer, the first house built in the area (besides Stone and Kelsey's adobe home, which was eventually dismantled by other settlers salvaging materials)<ref>{{citation|title=Mauldin Files|url=https://museumsoflakeca.wixsite.com/website/mauldin-files|page=2516|volume=13}}</ref> was built in 1853 at the foot of Mount Konocti by J. Broome Smith and William Graves, the latter a [[Donner Party]] survivor.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Napa and Lake counties, California|publisher=San Francisco, Slocum, Bowen & Co.|date=1881|first=Lyman L.|last=Palmer|location=San Francisco|page=63}}</ref>

The first [[blacksmith]] shop was reportedly opened by a blacksmith named Benham in 1857. It was not until 1864 that a second business was opened, a store owned by T.&nbsp;F. Fall. That same year, another general store and a boarding house were opened by Rosenbreau and Pace.<ref name="CarpenterMillberry1914">{{cite book|author1=Aurelius O. Carpenter|author2=Percy H. Millberry|title=History of Mendocino and Lake Counties, California: With Biographical Sketches of the Leading, Men and Women of the Counties who Have Been Identified with Their Growth and Development from the Early Days to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmendoci00carp|year=1914|publisher=Historic Record Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmendoci00carp/page/778 778]}}</ref>